自然拼讀法基本規則

05-31

自然拼讀法基本規則:

1. 二十六個字母的讀音 (Letter Sounds).

l 五個母音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每個發兩種音：長音（其字母音）和短音

l y不在單詞開頭時，一般被看做母音

2. 單母音單詞拼讀 (Consonant-Vowel-ConsonantCombinations)

如果一個英語單詞或音節里只有一個母音, 且母音不在末尾，這個母音一般發短音.

如：　Sam,cat, mat, 等等．

l BeginningConsonants

l EndingConsonants　

l OneVowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds

3. 雙母音單詞拼讀(Two Vowel Words):

一個單詞或音節里有兩個母音時，　一般來說，前邊一個母音髮長音（其字母音），　後邊一個母音不發音．　

如：　make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat,key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．

4. 雙/三輔音在一起時的聯讀 (Consonant Blends)

l Beginningconsonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm,sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)

l Endingconsonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)

l Wordsending in ll, ss, ff

l Consonantdigraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)

5. 特殊讀法(1)– 帶母音的特殊讀法(Irregular Vowels)

igh, ing,ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh,all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo

以上字母組合作為整體音節發音。需記住它們所發的音。

Examples:

l ar (car, far), air (hair),are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)

al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt,salt), ay (may, play)

l ew (new, few), eigh (eight,weight),

ed:

usays /ed/: patted, landed, lifted

usays /t/: walked, hopped, stopped

usays /d/: cried, played, chewed

l er (sister, brother), ir(girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)

l ie (field), ing(king, sing,dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night,light), ire

l oi (oil, boil), oy (boy,toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,

oo (book), oo (tool,school), or (or, for, horn),

ow (讀音一：cow, now, how, bow；　讀音二：bow,low, blow, snow),

ou (shout, out, loud)

ould (could, would), ough (五種不同的讀音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),

ought, , ous (famous, nervous),

l ue (cruel), ui (fluid)

l tion(attention, fiction), sion(passion, expression),

l endingsounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le

6. 特殊讀法(2)

l 如果一個單詞或音節里只有一個母音,而且母音在末尾，　這個母音一般髮長音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．　

如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。

l Y在末尾 (作為母音處理）（y at the end）：

u 單音節詞, 沒有其他母音，y發」I」(one syllable word, y atthe end (pronounced as 「I」)): my, why, fly, sky

u 多音節詞, y發」E」的音(twoor more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as 「E」)): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy

7. 特殊讀法(3) - 固定讀音的單詞 (Sight Word):

is, are, the, a, to, here,hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等.

它們不遵守前邊的發音規則，需要死記硬背。

8. 特殊讀法(4) – 輔音的特殊讀法

l 有一些輔音不發音 (silent consonants)．　　

u Silent b: comb, lamb

u Silent h: ghost

u Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…

u Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …

l "c"和 "k" 在一起時，　發一個音: quick, black等.　

l "q"總是和"u"在一起：quite,quick, quit, quilt等.

之所以指出這一點, 是在這裡u不能再被認為是母音, 而是和q一起組成一個輔音組合. 於是, 在quite這個單詞里只有兩個母音, 是雙母音單詞, 第一個母音i發字母音,第二個母音e不發音.

l "p"和 "h"在一起, 發/f/的音:phone, photo.

l 複數s及末尾s的讀音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)

l c和g 的兩種讀音:

u 如果i(或y)或者 e跟在c或者g的後邊, c發/s/, g發/j/的音:center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.

u 其他情況下, c發/k/, g發/g/: can, clap, cup, great,glad, got, goat, log.

u 特殊情況： get, give

9. 多音節單詞和複合詞 (Words with multiplesyllables and compound words)

l 多音節單詞: believe, multiple,syllable, compound

l 複合詞: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside