雙語：女人選男人千奇百怪的標準(圖)

http://www.sina.com.cn 2008年06月23日 16:27   新浪教育

 女人選男人千奇百怪的標準

　　If you have ever been attracted by a person"s scent, it may be their genes you smell. Researchers believe that women can identify men based on differences as small as a single gene.

　　如果你曾經被某人的氣味所吸引，實際上你聞到的是他們的基因。研究人員認為，女人能在一個單基因的基礎上辨別男人之間的差別。女人根據小到單基因的差別就能辨別男人的不同。

　　In the most recent issue of Nature Genetics scientists look at the link between women"s preference for the odors men give off and a group of genes called the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)--which are an important part of the body"s immune response.

　　在最新出版的一期《自然遺傳學》雜誌上，科學家闡述了女性對男性發出氣味的喜愛與主要組織相容性複合體(MHC)這組基因之間的關係。MHC是人體免疫系統反應的重要組成部分。

　　A group of 49 women were asked to smell 10 boxes which contained pieces of T-shirts that had either been worn by men or contained a familiar household odor such as bleach or clove.

　　讓受試組的49位女士聞裝有男人穿過的襯衫或含有家常氣味如漂白劑味或丁香味的10個盒子。

　　The men who had worn the T-shirts were selected based on their MHC genes, and were told to sleep in the shirt for two consecutive nights while avoiding other scents entirely, such as colognes and even contact with other people.

　　提供自己穿過襯衫的男子是按他們MHC基因選出來的，他們連續兩夜都穿著這件襯衫睡覺，其間完全避開其它氣味，如古隆香水，甚至不與其它人接觸。

　　The women were then asked to rate each scent based on their familiarity, intensity, pleasantness, and spiciness, as well as choose the one odor which they would choose if they had to smell it all the time.

　　然後，要求女士們依據自己熟悉、強烈、愉悅和馨香的感受，將聞過的氣味分類，並從中挑一種她們終身都能夠接受的氣味。

　　"A clear pattern emerged," said Dr. Carole Ober, co-author of the study and a geneticist at the University of Chicago. "The women did not choose scents of men with genes totally similar to their own, or totally dissimilar to their own. They chose men with an intermediate level of difference."

　　「一種清晰的分類模式出現了，」該項研究的合作者，芝加哥大學的遺傳學家Carole Ober博士說。他說：「受試女士沒有選擇基因完全與自己相似或相異男人的氣味，而是選擇了有適度差別的男人氣味。」

　　"The real surprising thing is that there was something special about paternally from one"s father inherited genes," said Wayne Potts, an expert in the area of MHC research at the University of Utah.

　　猶他大學專門研究MHC的專家Wayne Potts說：「真正令人驚奇的是該研究結果與父系遺傳基因有特殊關係。」 Moreover, the women showed no preference for odors from men with the same gene types as their mothers, but did show a preference for odors from men who shared genes they inherited from their fathers.

　　受試女士不喜歡與自己母親有相同基因類型的男士氣味，但卻偏愛具有與她們從父親身上遺傳而得基因的男人氣味。

　　Experts believe there are two major reasons for preferring a mate with different genes than your own. The first is that parents with more diverse MHC genes will give rise to offspring with better immune systems, and the second is that by avoiding mates who have very similar MHC types, you also avoid inbreeding.

　　專家認為，人類愛選與自己基因相異的人為配偶的主要原因有兩點，一是具有較大差異MHC基因的父母生出的後代具有較好的免疫系統，其次是避免配偶有非常相似的MHC基因型，這樣可以避免近親繁殖。

　　In fact, previous studies have shown that married people tend to have different types of genes than their spouse.

　　事實上，以前的研究也表明已婚的人趨向於與配偶有不同的基因。

　　At the same time, however, the propensity to choose someone with slightly similar genes can also avoid the problem of outbreeding--the mixing of genes that are too different.

　　然而，與此同時，選擇稍微相似基因的人為配偶也能避免遠系繁殖——差異太大的基因組合問題。

　　"The best is in the middle range and no one knew that before," said Martha McClintock, co-author of the study and a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago，"Everybody always says different is better, well you get different, different, different, and then it becomes a point where it"s no longer better."

　　該項研究的合作者，芝加哥大學的心理學教授Martha McClintock說：「適度遺傳差異是最好的，以前沒有人知道這個道理。人人都說有差異比較好，你可能得到這樣那樣的遺傳差異，然後，差異大到某一程度時就不再好了。」

　　Potts cautions that choosing an odor from within a box may not represent what actually happens in the real world when women are attracted to their mates.

　　Potts提醒說，從盒子中選聞氣味不能代表現實生活中女性被男子身上散發氣味所吸引的實際過程。

　　"It"s the wrong emphasis to say that this means that they"re going to prefer MHC similar males when it comes to mating," said Potts. "There is other social context."

　　Potts說：「以此證明女性喜歡選擇MHC基因相似的男人做配偶是錯的，因為選擇配偶還有其它的社會內容。」

　　"That is one of the molecular missing links," said Potts. "We don"t know exactly what the odorants are."

　　Potts說: 「這兒有一個分子連接錯位，但我們不知道專管發出味道的遺傳基因的確切位置。」

　　Potts explains that one hypothesis is linked to the ability of MHC molecules to stick to very specific pieces of protein in cells. These MHC molecules and the proteins stuck to them are what is believed to be detected as an odor.

　　Potts解釋說，一種假設是與MHC分子粘到細胞內特定蛋白質的能力有關，據稱，就是這些MHC分子和粘在上面的蛋白質發出了可聞到的味道。

　　Whatever the mechanism, this study disproves the assumption that humans have a poorly developed sense of smell.

　　無論該研究的機理如何，該研究至少推翻了有關人類嗅覺發育不良的假設。

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