Bernardo Provenzano, Who Led Sicilian Mafia Clan, Is Dead at 83

Bernardo Provenzano, the godfather of Sicily』s flesh-and-blood Corleone crime family who eluded the police for 43 years and who was a convicted conspirator in the murder of Italy』s two leading Mafia prosecutors, died on Wednesday in Milan. He was 83.

真實世界中西西里柯里昂犯罪家族的教父貝爾納多·普羅文扎諾——一度逍遙法外四十三年，被控策劃謀殺兩名義大利起訴黑手黨的重要檢察官——本周三在米蘭去世，享年83歲。

His lawyer, Rosalba Di Gregorio, said he had been suffering from Parkinson』s disease, cancer and a stroke, and that he had been hospitalized since 2014 under the supervision of prison authorities.

他的律師羅薩爾巴·格列高利奧表示他一直患有帕金森綜合征、癌症和中風，2014年以來一直在監獄當局的監控下住院治療。

In 2006, Mr. Provenzano was arrested in a squalid shepherd』s shack where he had been living about a mile from Corleone, the hardscrabble hilltop town where he was born, which Mario Puzo mythologized as the original home of the New York gangsters who swaggered through novels and movies about organized crime, most notably 「The Godfather.」

2006年，普羅文扎諾在污穢的牧民棚戶里被捕，他一直居住在於此，距離柯里昂一英里，柯里昂是貧瘠的山區，他出生在這裡，馬里奧·普佐將此處神話為紐約黑幫的老家，這些黑幫匪徒出沒於不少有組織犯罪小說和影片中，最著名的是《教父》。

Mr. Provenzano was originally nicknamed the Tractor, a name he earned by viciously mowing down investigators, journalists and other victims.

普羅文扎諾最初諢號「拖拉機」，因傾軋眾多調查者、記者等受害者而得名。

He was later called the Accountant, for his mastery of the mob』s finances and, after he became the boss of the Sicilian Cosa Nostra clans in 1993, his relatively conciliatory regime, during which there were fewer bloody bombings and a shift from narcotics to white-collar crime.

後來被稱為「會計師」，因為他精通黑幫財政，1993年成為西西里科薩·諾斯特拉幫派老闆後，運行著一個相對和諧的體制，血腥的爆炸少了，販毒轉變為白領犯罪。

He had another name, too: the Phantom, which stemmed from his record as Italy』s longest-sought fugitive. Armed only with a photograph of Mr. Provenzano from 1959, the authorities had sought him for murder since 1963 but failed to apprehend him until 2006 — leading cynical Sicilians to suspect that he was being protected by powerful people.

他還有個名字：鬼影，這得名於他是義大利被追捕最久的逃亡者。1959年起，當局只有一張普羅文扎諾的照片，1963年開始以謀殺罪追捕他，但直到2006年才將他逮捕，以至於憤世嫉俗的西西里人懷疑他受到權勢群體的保護。

In the 1980s and 』90s, he managed the Mafia』s finances from an 18th-century villa in Bagheria, a Palermo suburb, forgoing telephones and bank accounts, and surreptitiously being chauffeured to business meetings in an ambulance.

上世紀八九十年代，他在帕勒莫郊區一座18世紀的別墅中掌管黑手黨的錢袋子，不打電話，不開銀行賬戶，秘密地坐救護車參加犯罪會議。

After he holed up in his dilapidated farmhouse refuge outside Corleone, about 36 miles south of Palermo, he subsisted largely on honey and vegetables.

後來他躲在帕勒莫以南36英里柯里昂郊外破敗的農舍藏身，主要靠蜂蜜和蔬菜過活。

He communicated by passing typed notes on tiny rolled-up pieces of paper peppered with religious references (Mr. Provenzano was said to have been a devout Roman Catholic and had five Bibles on hand) and passed hand to hand by a chain of messengers. It might take as long as 48 hours for a note to travel the mile from his farmhouse to town.

他靠把信息列印在裝飾有宗教引言的小紙卷上傳遞信息，據稱普羅文扎諾是虔誠的天主教徒，隨身帶著五本聖經。紙條通過一串傳信人手手相傳，從農舍到鎮里需要長達48小時。

Bernardo Provenzano was born in Corleone on Jan. 31, 1933, to farmworker parents. He left school to work in the fields when he was 10, the same year the Allies liberated Sicily. As a teenager, before he was ever wanted by the police, he was being pursued by fellow mobsters during a gang war. But unlike Vito Andolini in 「The Godfather,」 he remained in Sicily.

貝爾納多·普羅文扎諾1933年1月31日聲譽柯里昂的農民家庭。10歲時就離開農村去做工，當年聯軍解放了西西里。被警方通緝前的那些青蔥歲月中，他在一場黑幫戰爭中被暴徒追殺，但與《教父》中的維多·安東里尼不同，他留在了西西里。

Mr. Provenzano sided with Luciano Leggio, who ran the clan until he was imprisoned in 1974. Mr. Leggio was succeeded by Salvatore Riina, a bloodthirsty boss who installed Mr. Provenzano as his second in command (despite Mr. Leggio』s verdict that Mr. Provenzano 「shoots like a god but he has the brain of a chicken」).

普羅文扎諾效忠於盧西亞諾·利吉奧，後者1974年被捕前一直是黑幫教父。接替利吉奧的是嗜血的塞爾瓦托·里納，他把普羅文扎諾提拔為副手，儘管利吉奧宣判普羅文扎諾「槍法如神卻長了個小雞腦子」。

Mr. Riina was arrested in 1993. Four years later, he and 23 of his top lieutenants were sentenced to life imprisonment in the 1992 bombing death of Giovanni Falcone, the crusading prosecutor whose assassination made him a martyr of Italy』s war against organized crime. Mr. Provenzano was the only one of the 24 who was not apprehended at the time.

里納1993年被捕，四年後，他和23名幹將因1992年炸死喬瓦尼·法爾科內被判終身監禁，法爾科內是一名堅韌不拔的檢察官，被殺使他成為義大利打擊有組織犯罪的烈士。普羅文扎諾是當時24個幹將中唯一未被抓獲的。

Mr. Provenzano managed to elude the police for nearly a decade more. As recently as a month before he was captured in 2006, his former defense lawyer declared that Mr. Provenzano was dead and insisted that his 「hunters」 were chasing a ghost.

普羅文扎諾逍遙法外十多年之久，2006年被抓前一個月，他的前辯護律師宣布普羅文扎諾死了，簡稱「追捕者」一直在抓鬼。

Investigators continued to monitor his partner, Saveria Benedetta Palazzolo, and their two sons, Angelo and Paolo, who had returned to Corleone in 1993.

調查人員繼續監控他的伴侶薩薇里亞·貝妮代塔·帕拉佐洛和他的兩個兒子安吉洛和帕奧羅，他們1993年回到了柯里昂。

They spotted a bundle of laundry and tracked it over several days as it was passed from her house to the farmhouse outside of town. When the door opened and a hand reached out to retrieve the bundle, they arrested their prey.

抓捕人員發現一籃子衣服，一連追蹤了幾天後發現衣服從她家送到了城外的農舍。門打開時，一隻手伸出來取籃子，於是他們逮捕了獵物。

Mr. Provenzano, then 73, offered no resistance, but delivered a be-careful-what-you-wish-for warning that suggested his arrest might spark another Mafia war.

時年73歲的普羅文扎諾沒有抵抗，卻警告警方要想清楚，他的被捕可能再次掀起黑手黨的腥風血雨。

「You have no idea,」 he said cryptically, 「what you』ve done.」

他神秘兮兮地說：「你們不明白做了些什麼。」

While its extortion and protection rackets survive, however, the Sicilian Mafia has never fully recovered from the backlash to its bloody legacy.

然而，儘管敲詐收取保護費的非法勾當依然存在，西西里黑手黨再也沒有死灰復燃，重演其血腥的傳奇。