學習音標前必須了解的,順便推薦一些好用的APP

學習音標前必須了解的,順便推薦一些好用的APP

長篇高能,慎點。順便推薦一款說說英語APP,有專門的音標,自然拼讀課程等教學視頻還帶有音標點讀學習。講的很詳細。

巧記48個音標簡表:

熟悉後反覆複習鞏固的可用表格:

二. 音節與音節劃分知識

1. 音節

以母音為主體構成的發音單位,一般說來母音發音響亮,可以構成音節,輔音發音不響亮,不能單獨構成音節([m] [n] [? ] [l]例外)。從單詞拼寫形式上看,有幾個母音字母就有幾個音節。

2. 音節的劃分

① 在重讀音節和非重讀音節的相鄰處有兩個輔音字母時,一個輔音字母組屬於前面的音節,一個屬於後面的音節。

例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter

② 在重讀和非重讀音節的相鄰處只有一個輔音字母時,如果前面重讀音節里的母音是長音則輔字組屬於後面一個音節,如果重讀音節里的母音是短音,則輔音字母屬於重讀音節。

例如:長音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther

   短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er

3. 重讀音節

單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節。用音標標記雙音節、多音節詞的讀音時,應使用重讀符號。單音節詞多數是重讀音節,標記讀音時不需要使用重讀符號。

4. 開音節

① 絕對開音節:單個母音字母后面沒有輔音字母的重讀音節。

例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret

② 相對開音節:單個母音字母后面加單個輔音字母,再加一個不發音字母e構成的重讀音節。

例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse

5. 閉音節

單個母音字母后面有輔音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以輔音字母結尾的重讀音節。

例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup

6. 雙音節詞重讀規則

① 雙音節詞的第一個音節通常是重讀音節。

例如: stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn

② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前綴的雙音節詞往往是在第二個音節上重讀。雙音節詞的重讀位置不會因增加前綴或後綴而發生改變。

例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor

7. 多音節詞重讀規則

多音節詞通常在倒數第三個音節重讀。

例如: el-e-phant

詞尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的詞,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個音節上重讀。

例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion

三. 英語單詞拼讀規則

1、母音字母重讀音節中的讀音

母音字母

讀 音

例 詞

a

在開音節中

[ei]

name plane Jane baby cake

在閉音節中

[?]

bag dad hat map black back

e

在開音節中

[i:]

he these me Chinese

在閉音節中

[e]

bed let pen desk yes egg

i

在開音節中

[ai]

bike fly drive time nice kite

在閉音節中

[i]

fish big drink sit milk swim

o

在開音節中

[?u]

those close go hoe home no

在閉音節中

[?]

clock not box shop sock

u

在開音節中

[ju:]

student excuse duty Tuesday

在閉音節中

[? ]

bus cup jump much lunch

在開音節中,母音字母u在輔音字母j l r s後面時讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super

2、母音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音

母音字母

讀 音

例 詞

a

[?]

China another woman breakfast

[i]

orange comrade village cabbage

e

[?]

hundred student open weekend

[i]

chicken pocket begin children

i

[i]

holiday beautiful family animal

[ai]

exercise satellite

o

[?]

second tonight somebody welcome

[?u]

also zero photo

u

[?]

autumn diffcult

[ju:]

popular congratulation January

動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate

u處在開音節位置,又在輔音字母j l r s後面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue

在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的母音字母a e i 既可以讀作[?]音可以讀作[i]音。

3、母音字母重讀音節中的特殊讀音

母音字母

讀 音

例 詞

a在[w]音後面

[?]

want what watch wash quality

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

[α:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father

i在-nd -ld和gh前

[ai]

find child light high

o在-st -ld前

[?u]

most postcard old cold

o在m n v th前

[?]

come monkey love mother

4、-r音節母音字組重讀音節中的讀音

母音字組

讀 音

例 詞

ar ar在[w]音後面

[α:]

car farm dark sharpener

[?:]

warm quarter towards

or or在[w]音後面

[?:]

forty morning short

[?:]

word worker worse

er ir ur

[?:]

certainly bird Thursday

輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的母音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[?]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday

5、-re音節母音字組重讀音節中的讀音

母音字組

讀 音

例 詞

are

[ε?]

care dare hare

ere

[i?]

here mere

ire

[ai?]

fire hire wire

ore

[?:]

more score before

ure

[ju?]

pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀[t??]音或[??],例如:picture pleasure

  重讀母音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀母音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音。 例如:parent zero story during inspiring

  某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。 例如:orange very American paragraph

6、母音字組重讀音節中的讀音

母音字組

讀 音

例 詞

ai/ay

[ei]

afraid rain wait day play

air

[ε?]

air hair chair pair repair

al

al在f m前

[?:l]

small ball talk wall all

[?:l]

always also salt almost

[α:]

half calm

au/aw

[?:]

autumn daughter draw

ea

[i:]

teach easy cheap please

[e]

heavy bread sweater weather

[ei]

break great

ear

[i?]

hear dear near clear year

[ε?]

bear pear wear swear

[?:]

earth learn early

ee

[i:]

jeep week green three

eer

[i?]

pioneer deer beer

ei/ey

[ei]

eight neighbour they

[i:]

either key

eu/ew在 j l r s後

[ju:]

new few newspaper

[u:]

flew brew jewelry

ie/ei[s]音之後

[i:]

piece field receive

oa

[?u]

coat Joan boat goal

oar/oor

[?:]

roar board door floor

oi/oy

[?i]

noise point boy toilet

oo

[u:]

broom food tooth school

[u]

book look cook foot good

ou/ow

[au]

flower house count down

[?u]

know row throw though

[?]

young country enough

[u:]

group you soup

our

[?:]

course your four

[au?]

our hour ours

[?:]

journey

ui 在j l r s後

[ju:i]

fluid suicide tuition suit

[u:]

juice fruit

7、非重讀音節中母音字組字群的讀音

母音字組或字群

讀 音

例 詞

ai/ay ei/ey

[i]

Sunday foreign monkey

ow

[?u]

yellow sparrow tomorrow

-sion -tion

[??n]

impression nation

-sion在母音字母后

[??n]

vision decision occasion

-tion在s後

[t??n]

question suggestion

-sten

[sn]

listen

-stle

[sl]

whistle

-sure

[??]

pleasure measure

-ture

[t??]

picture culture

8、元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音

  複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的母音字母或母音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[?:]

  有些詞隨著語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。 例如: sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神聖 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 > breakfast[?]早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?:] 碗櫃

9、輔字組的讀音

輔字組

讀 音

例 詞

b

[b]

bike bus bag

[/]

bomb tomb

c c在e前或在i/y前

[k]

cake picture coat music

[s]

face decide cinema

ch

[t?]

much chick rich teacher

[k]

school headache chemistry

[?]

machine Chicago

-ck

[k]

cock pocket black knock

d

[d]

doctor bread hand day

-dge

[d?]

bridge fridge

dr-

[dr]

children driver drink

f

[f]

five four breakfast

g g在e i/y前

[g]

bag gardon go

[d?]

orange large German

gh

[f]

cough enough photo

[/]

light daughter high

gu- -gue gu在非重讀音節中

[g]

guess league dialogue

[gw]

language anguish

h

[h]

hot head house hand

[/]

hour honest

j

[d?]

jeep jar joke join July

k

[k]

kind bike skate make week

kn-

[n]

knife know knock

l

[l]

life milk school tall

m

[m]

monkey come autumn

-mn

[m]

autumn column solemn

n n在[k] [g]音前

[n]

not shine ten note

[?]

uncle thank hungry

-ng

[n]

morning young wrong

p

[p]

paper plane pig ship pen

ph

[f]

elephant photo telephone

q

[k]

Iraq

qu-

[kw]

quality quite

r

[r]

red rubber ruler

s在詞首或清輔音前 母音字母間或濁輔音前

[s]

sit sleep desk

[z]

music husband

sc-

[sk]

scar

[s]

muscle science

sh

[?]

she fish shirt wash

t在通常情況下 在弱讀字母ia ie io前

[t]

ten letter meet

[?]

patient nation

tch

[t?]

watch

th在通常情況下 在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中 在詞尾-the -ther中

[θ]

thin thirty method

[e]

the these with than

[e]

clothe father weather

tr-

[tr]

tree train country truck

v

[v]

very voice love leave

w

[w]

week win wake sweet wait

[/]

answer two

wh- wh-在字母o前

[w]

what when white why

[h]

who whose whole

x 在重讀母音前

[ks]

box text exercise

[gz]

examle exist exact

wr-

[r]

write

y-

[j]

yes yard yellow young

z

[z]

puzzle zero zoo


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