學習音標前必須了解的,順便推薦一些好用的APP
長篇高能,慎點。順便推薦一款說說英語APP,有專門的音標,自然拼讀課程等教學視頻還帶有音標點讀學習。講的很詳細。
巧記48個音標簡表:
熟悉後反覆複習鞏固的可用表格:
二. 音節與音節劃分知識
1. 音節
以母音為主體構成的發音單位,一般說來母音發音響亮,可以構成音節,輔音發音不響亮,不能單獨構成音節([m] [n] [? ] [l]例外)。從單詞拼寫形式上看,有幾個母音字母就有幾個音節。
2. 音節的劃分
① 在重讀音節和非重讀音節的相鄰處有兩個輔音字母時,一個輔音字母組屬於前面的音節,一個屬於後面的音節。
例如:let-ter,mem-ber,chil-dren,daugh-ter
② 在重讀和非重讀音節的相鄰處只有一個輔音字母時,如果前面重讀音節里的母音是長音則輔字組屬於後面一個音節,如果重讀音節里的母音是短音,則輔音字母屬於重讀音節。
例如:長音 pa-per,stu-dent,fa-ther,ze-ro,mo-tor,far-ther
短音 sev-en,stud-y,moth-er,ver-y,mod-le ,weath-er
3. 重讀音節
單詞中讀音特別響亮的音節。用音標標記雙音節、多音節詞的讀音時,應使用重讀符號。單音節詞多數是重讀音節,標記讀音時不需要使用重讀符號。
4. 開音節
① 絕對開音節:單個母音字母后面沒有輔音字母的重讀音節。
例如:no,blue,ba-by,stu-dent,se-cret
② 相對開音節:單個母音字母后面加單個輔音字母,再加一個不發音字母e構成的重讀音節。
例如:name,these,bike,home,excuse
5. 閉音節
單個母音字母后面有輔音字母(r、w、y 除外)且以輔音字母結尾的重讀音節。
例如:bag,egg,fish,not,cup
6. 雙音節詞重讀規則
① 雙音節詞的第一個音節通常是重讀音節。
例如: stu-dent,Chi-na,sec-ond,au-tumn
② 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前綴的雙音節詞往往是在第二個音節上重讀。雙音節詞的重讀位置不會因增加前綴或後綴而發生改變。
例如:a-bout,be-fore,ex-cuse,re-pair,for-get-ful,in-ven-tor
7. 多音節詞重讀規則
多音節詞通常在倒數第三個音節重讀。
例如: el-e-phant
詞尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的詞,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一個音節上重讀。
例如:scien-tific,im-pression,na-tion
三. 英語單詞拼讀規則
1、母音字母在重讀音節中的讀音
母音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a
在開音節中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby cake
在閉音節中
[?]
bag dad hat map black back
e
在開音節中
[i:]
he these me Chinese
在閉音節中
[e]
bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在開音節中
[ai]
bike fly drive time nice kite
在閉音節中
[i]
fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在開音節中
[?u]
those close go hoe home no
在閉音節中
[?]
clock not box shop sock
u
在開音節中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在閉音節中
[? ]
bus cup jump much lunch
在開音節中,母音字母u在輔音字母j l r s後面時讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
2、母音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音
母音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a
[?]
China another woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village cabbage
e
[?]
hundred student open weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[i]
holiday beautiful family animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[?]
second tonight somebody welcome
[?u]
also zero photo
u
[?]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular congratulation January
動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate
u處在開音節位置,又在輔音字母j l r s後面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的母音字母a e i 既可以讀作[?]音可以讀作[i]音。
3、母音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音
母音字母
讀 音
例 詞
a在[w]音後面
[?]
want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[α:]
after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
o在-st -ld前
[?u]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[?]
come monkey love mother
4、-r音節母音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
母音字組
讀 音
例 詞
ar ar在[w]音後面
[α:]
car farm dark sharpener
[?:]
warm quarter towards
or or在[w]音後面
[?:]
forty morning short
[?:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[?:]
certainly bird Thursday
輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的母音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[?]音,例如:dollar teacher forget Saturday
5、-re音節母音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
母音字組
讀 音
例 詞
are
[ε?]
care dare hare
ere
[i?]
here mere
ire
[ai?]
fire hire wire
ore
[?:]
more score before
ure
[ju?]
pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀[t??]音或[??],例如:picture pleasure
重讀母音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀母音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音。 例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。 例如:orange very American paragraph
6、母音字組在重讀音節中的讀音
母音字組
讀 音
例 詞
ai/ay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[ε?]
air hair chair pair repair
al
al在f m前
[?:l]
small ball talk wall all
[?:l]
always also salt almost
[α:]
half calm
au/aw
[?:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[i?]
hear dear near clear year
[ε?]
bear pear wear swear
[?:]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[i?]
pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
eu/ew在 j l r s後
[ju:]
new few newspaper
[u:]
flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之後
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[?u]
coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
[?:]
roar board door floor
oi/oy
[?i]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au]
flower house count down
[?u]
know row throw though
[?]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[?:]
course your four
[au?]
our hour ours
[?:]
journey
ui 在j l r s後
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition suit
[u:]
juice fruit
7、非重讀音節中母音字組和字群的讀音
母音字組或字群
讀 音
例 詞
ai/ay ei/ey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[?u]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
-sion -tion
[??n]
impression nation
-sion在母音字母后
[??n]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s後
[t??n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
[??]
pleasure measure
-ture
[t??]
picture culture
8、元字組在複合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
複合詞中的第二部分不標註重音符號,但其中的母音字母或母音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[?:]
有些詞隨著語言的發展,前後兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。 例如: sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神聖 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 > breakfast[?]早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?:] 碗櫃
9、輔字組的讀音
輔字組
讀 音
例 詞
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[/]
bomb tomb
c c在e前或在i/y前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema
ch
[t?]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[?]
machine Chicago
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day
-dge
[d?]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink
f
[f]
five four breakfast
g g在e i/y前
[g]
bag gardon go
[d?]
orange large German
gh
[f]
cough enough photo
[/]
light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重讀音節中
[g]
guess league dialogue
[gw]
language anguish
h
[h]
hot head house hand
[/]
hour honest
j
[d?]
jeep jar joke join July
k
[k]
kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife know knock
l
[l]
life milk school tall
m
[m]
monkey come autumn
-mn
[m]
autumn column solemn
n n在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
[?]
uncle thank hungry
-ng
[n]
morning young wrong
p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant photo telephone
q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber ruler
s在詞首或清輔音前 母音字母間或濁輔音前
[s]
sit sleep desk
[z]
music husband
sc-
[sk]
scar
[s]
muscle science
sh
[?]
she fish shirt wash
t在通常情況下 在弱讀字母ia ie io前
[t]
ten letter meet
[?]
patient nation
tch
[t?]
watch
th在通常情況下 在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中 在詞尾-the -ther中
[θ]
thin thirty method
[e]
the these with than
[e]
clothe father weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train country truck
v
[v]
very voice love leave
w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait
[/]
answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who whose whole
x 在重讀母音前
[ks]
box text exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo
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