二戰歐陸雄心系列之三十二—1943.5.16

來自專欄 歷史⑨課

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Germany successfully completed Operation Hornung in the Byelorussian SSR (now Belarus), and launched Operation Ochsenkopf, a new offensive, in Tunisia.

德軍在白俄羅斯蘇維埃社會主義共和國（現白俄羅斯）成功結束了Hornung作戰，又在突尼西亞發動了新的攻勢Ochsenkopf作戰。

In Operation Gunnerside, the Norsk Hydro plant at Vermok in Norway, being used by the Nazi German nuclear research program, was successfully sabotaged by Norwegian SOE commandos.

在Gunnerside作戰中，德國核研究項目使用的挪威Vermok的挪威重水廠被挪威SOE突擊隊成功破壞。

In the heaviest single air raid on the Nazi German capital, Royal Air Force and U.S. Army Air Force bombers struck Berlin in a 30-minute raid.

皇家空軍和美國空軍轟炸機對德國首都進行了最大規模的單次空襲，空襲持續了半個小時。

Operation Ochsenkopf in Tunisia ended in Axis offensive failure.

突尼西亞的Ochsenkopf作戰以軸心國攻勢失敗告終。

The three-day Battle of Fardykambos between Greek partisans and the Italian Army begins.

希臘游擊隊和義大利佔領軍爆發了為期三天的Fardykambos戰鬥。

The Germans implemented a counterattack on the exposed flank of Voronezh Front.

德軍對沃羅涅日方面軍暴露的側翼發動了反攻。

The Allied strategic bombing campaign known as the Battle of the Ruhr began with an opening raid by 412 RAF aircraft on the Krupp munitions factory at Essen.

盟軍進行了轟炸戰役，即魯爾之戰。戰役初始，皇家空軍派出412架飛機，轟炸了埃森的克虜伯兵工廠。

German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was summoned back to Berlin and placed on medical leave following the failure of the German counterattack at Medenine.

德軍元帥隆美爾在梅德寧反攻失敗後被召回柏林進行病假修養去了。

On 7 March, Manstein made the decision to press on towards Kharkov, despite the coming of the spring thaw.

3月7日，曼施坦因不顧即將到來的春天解凍，決意壓向哈爾科夫。

The Soviet 5th Army captured Vyazma.

蘇5集奪取維亞濟馬。

British destroyer HMS Lightning was sunk off Algeria by German motor torpedo boats.

英軍驅逐艦Lightning在阿爾及利亞沿岸被德軍魚雷摩托艇擊沉。

The British submarine Turbulent was probably sunk by a naval mine off Sardinia.

英軍潛艇Turbulent在撒丁島沿岸觸雷（可能）沉沒。

The Italian occupying forces abandon the Greek town of Karditsa to the partisans of ELAS.

義大利佔領軍放棄希臘Karditsa，該地被希臘人民解放軍解放。

The British submarine HMS Thunderbolt was sunk off Sicily by the Italian corvette Cicogna, killing all on board.

英國潛艇Thunderbolt在西西里沿岸被義大利護衛艦Cicogna擊沉，船上所有成員遇難。

The Third Battle of Kharkov ended in German victory.

德軍獲得第三次哈爾科夫戰役勝利。

German forces recaptured Kharkov and Belgorod.

德軍重占哈爾科夫和別爾哥羅德。

The Soviet submarine K-3 was depth charged and sunk off B?tsfjord, Norway by German submarine chasers.

蘇軍K3在挪威Batsfjord被德軍獵潛艇用深水炸彈炸沉。

The counterattack of German panzers halted in Kharkov.

哈爾科夫方向的德軍裝甲部隊反攻停止了。

The British troopship Windsor Castle was torpedoed and sunk off Algiers by a German Heinkel He 111 aircraft.

英國運兵船Windsor Castle號在阿爾及爾海岸被德國亨克爾He 111飛機用魚雷炸沉。

In the heaviest air raid on the German capital up to that time, 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped on Berlin by Britains Royal Air Force in three waves of 100 bombers each.

這是至彼時為止對德首都最大規模的轟炸。其中，英國皇家空軍分為3個波次（每波100架轟炸機），在柏林扔下了1000噸炸彈。

Despite the heavy losses and a tactical victory for the Axis powers, the Yugoslav partisan formations secured their command and the hospital, and were able to continue operations.

雖然游擊隊蒙受了巨大的損失，軸心國又取得了戰術勝利，南斯拉夫游擊隊還是保住了指揮中心和醫院，並能夠繼續作戰。

The German submarine U-77 was sunk off Calp, Spain by two British Lockheed Hudson aircraft.

德軍潛艇U77在西班牙卡爾佩被兩架英軍Lockheed Hudson飛機炸沉。

U-416 was sunk on 30 March 1943 by a mine laid by the Soviet submarine L-3.

德軍潛艇U416於1943年3月30日觸發蘇聯潛艇L-3埋的水雷沉沒。

In the Second Battle of Sedjenane, Allied forces retook the Tunisian town of Sedjenane on the railway line to Mateur and the port of Bizerta.

在第二次Sedjenane之戰中，盟軍重奪位於至Mateur和比賽大港口鐵路線上的突尼西亞小鎮Sedjenane。

The German submarine U-124 was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean west of Oporto, Portugal by British warships.

德軍潛艇在葡萄牙波爾圖以西的大西洋海域中被英軍戰艦轟沉。

The Battle of Wadi Akarit ended in Allied victory.

Wadi Akrait（位於突尼西亞）之戰以盟軍勝利告終。

The Tunisian port of Sfax was captured from the Axis powers by the British Army, led by General Bernard Montgomery. Sfax would then become the base for the Allied invasion of Sicily as the first stage of the Italian Campaign.

蒙哥馬利率領的英軍從軸心國手中奪取了突尼西亞港口斯法克斯。之後斯法克斯成為盟軍在義大利戰役的第一階段，即進攻西西里的基地。

The Italian cruiser Trieste sank in port at La Maddalena, Sardinia after being hit by several bombs from American B-24s.

義大利重巡得里亞斯特在撒丁島拉馬達雷納島被美軍B24扔下的數枚炸彈擊沉。

By 18 April, after attacks by Eighth Army from the south and flanking attacks by IX Corps and French XIX Corps, the Axis forces had been pushed into a defensive line on the north-east coast of Tunis, attempting to protect their supply lines but with little hope of continuing the battle for long.

至4月18日，在英8集從南方進攻、第九軍和法國19軍的側翼攻擊下，軸心軍不得不退至突尼西亞東北海岸的防線，試圖保護補給線；但他們長時間持續抵抗的希望則非常渺茫。

Luftwaffe dive bombers raided the North African port of Algiers.

德國空軍俯衝轟炸機襲擊了北非港口阿爾及爾。

The British submarine Regent struck a mine and sank in the Strait of Otranto.

英軍潛艇Regent在奧蘭托海峽觸雷沉沒。

The bombing of Aberdeen killed 98 civilians and 27 servicemen.

德軍對阿伯丁的轟炸造成98名平民和27名公務人員喪生。

The British submarine Splendid was shelled and damaged off Corsica by German destroyer Hermes and was scuttled to prevent capture.

英軍潛艇Splendid在科西嘉沿岸被德軍驅逐艦Hermes轟傷，為避免被俘，該潛艇自沉。

The British submarine Sahib was scuttled after being depth charged and damaged off Capo di Milazzo, Sicily by a Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88.

英軍潛艇在西西里Capo di Milazzo被德國空軍Ju88轟炸機用深水炸彈炸傷，自沉。

The German submarine U-332 was depth charged and sunk in the Bay of Biscay by a B-23 of No. 224 Squadron RAF.

德軍潛艇U332在比斯凱灣被英國皇家空軍224中隊一架B23轟炸機用深水炸彈炸沉。

The German submarine U-227 was depth charged and sunk north of the Faroe Islands by a Handley Page Hampden of No. 455 Squadron RAAF.

德國潛艇U227在法羅群島以北被皇家空軍455中隊的一架Handley Page Hampden用深水炸彈炸沉。

The German submarines U-439 and U-659 collided with each other west of Cape Ortegal, Spain and both sank.

德軍潛艇U439和U659在西班牙Ortegal角相撞，二者全部沉沒。

Tunis and Bizerte were liberated by Allied troops, with Bizerte falling to the Americans at 4:15 pm local time, and the Tunisian capital being conquered five minutes later by the British First Army.

盟軍解放突尼西亞和比塞大，美軍在當地時間下午4:15佔領比賽大，突尼西亞在5分鐘之後被英8集佔領。

Six days after the fall of Tunis and Bizerte, the last Axis resistance in Africa ended with the surrender of over 230,000 prisoners of war (POWs).

比塞大和突尼西亞被盟軍佔領後的6天，非洲軸心國的最後抵抗停止了，230,000餘名戰俘向盟軍投降。

The German submarines U-235, U-236 and U-237 were all sunk at Kiel in an American air raid. All three U-boats would be raised, repaired and returned to service.

在一次美軍空襲中，德軍潛艇U235、236、237全部沉於基爾。後來這三艘U艇被打撈、維修之後重新服役。

Operation Chastise was carried out by nineteen bombers of the Royal Air Force on German dams in the Ruhr valley industrial region, causing massive flooding and loss of life.

皇家空軍19架轟炸機執行了Chastise行動，轟炸魯爾河谷工業區的德國大壩，造成洪水泛濫，大量人員喪生。

The U-463 was sunk in the Bay of Biscay by a Handley Page Halifax of No. 58 Squadron RAF.

U463在比斯凱灣被皇家空軍58中隊的一架Handley Page Halifax擊沉。