學建築設計的初衷--一個老人對「漂亮圖紙」的念叨
來自專欄 不務正業的設計師
最近在準備團隊的新網站內容,其中整整一下午,3個人一直在爭論一個問題:如今學建築,景觀,規劃,室內的學生需要什麼樣的參考圖紙,於是自然而然又爭論到一個問題,如今Pin上那麼多「好看」的圖紙,如何分類和界定風格。
在ArchDaily上每年都會有這樣一篇文章:
The Best Architecture Drawings of 2017「For the past two years, we have found ourselves wanting to highlight what is the foundation of architectural practice: the architectural drawing. We realized that even after almost a decade of publishing the best projects from around the world, we should take on the task of singling out the exceptional cases of representation, taking into account all varieties and species of drawings.」
好吧,以上對建築設計的最基本的理解,我是不贊同的;部分圖紙因為沒有整個作品的解讀,也不足以吸引我讓我放上來;雖然不得不承認現在的學生模仿Pin上的圖紙還是很66666的,然而,我很少看到原創作品,2018年年初的一波MIT,Yale,GSD offer也罷,所謂大神的作品集然而我也沒能耐心看完,參考痕迹早在幾年前就已經被泛濫;現在的競賽也是,一味追求圖面表達,扁平插畫風,馬卡龍色,真的有點審美疲勞了。。。覺得沒啥好稀罕的吧,然而今天的另外兩篇文章卻著實讓我著了迷。至於為什麼突然想到去看,歸根究底還是因為上面那個問題:「好看」的圖紙,如何分類和界定風格。我突然想到一個詞,並且嘗試用這個性質來試試看分類:architectural atmosphere.
有一段時間沒有看書了,也記不太起來這個詞的來源,這裡繼續普及:
首先,architectural atmosphere是卒姆托提出的,維基百科裡有各種reference的來源,而我對它的理解簡而言之,就是建築空間傳遞給在其中的人的情緒和力量。嗯,我是這麼理解的,之所以一直在建築學研究的路上走著,可能也正因為這股力量在推著我,享受沉浸其中感受到的一切情緒吧(自己把自己吹捧一下)。
說了這麼多,接下來要分享的是這篇文章:
Peter Zumthor & thinking architecture(轉)
這裡就需要問自己了,學設計,學建築設計的初衷,你還記得么?
卒姆托一直受到童年裡經歷的各種各樣的記憶影響著,對建築的體驗也都是來源於家裡的各個場所,這裡我用的是place,而不是architecture,然而如果是從本質上來看,我其實覺得未必不能把place與architecture畫上等號。
architectural atmosphere的構成因素:
Made of materials
除了歐洲的高技派代表的重金屬感,機械感建築,日本的大師們熟練玩轉混凝土,腦中對如今城市的感受,充斥了玻璃幕牆和干掛石材。。。。很多人質疑國外那麼多名校為什麼在研究材料material,研究fabrication,研究frame的可能性等等,因為他們走在了超前至少20年。沒有了解,沒有嘗試,沒有探索,又怎能站在最高。
「What impresses me is the precise and sensuous way they use materials. It seems anchored in an ancient, elemental knowledge about man』s use of materials, and at the same time to expose the very essence of these materials, which is beyond all culturally conveyed meaning.」我欣賞他們運用材料的精確和感性的方式,看起來像是某些深植於遠古的、基本的、人類使用材料的知識,同時去揭示這些材料在一切文化譯意之外的真正本質。
Work within things
People often say, 「A lot of work went into this」 when they sense the care and skill that its maker has lavished on a carefully constructed object. The notion that our work is an integral part of what we accomplish takes us to the very limits of our musings about the value of a work of art, a work of architecture. Are the effort and skill we put into them really inherent parts of the things we make? Sometimes, when I am moved by a work of architecture in the same way as I am moved by music, literature or a painting, I am tempted to think so.
人們在仔細造出的物體上感受到建造者所投入的大量心思和技巧時,常說:「這其中包含了大量的工作。」我們的工作是作品不可分割的部分——這樣的觀念把我們帶到對於藝術品價值和建築價值的思考的極限。我們投入製造物的努力和技巧真是其所固有的嗎? 有時,當被建築打動,就像被音樂、文學或繪畫打動一樣,我就會被誘惑著這樣認為。
不要把所有人當作傻子。。。。。你投入了多少精力在研究上,在設計上,作品本身都是能傳遞出來的,至於抄襲設計的人,那更可笑了,因為他浪費的是自己的時間和名譽。。。。小朋友們如果沒有太愛好設計,愛好建築,真心勸一句,好好旁邊玩兒去,別瞎攪和。。而真心樂於投入的,「愛就請深愛」,「時間是考驗一切的標準」,一點都沒有錯。很希望能看到努力去愛建築的小朋友。
For the silence of sleep
Architecture has it』s own realm. It has a special physical relationship with life. I do not think of it primarily as either a message or a symbol, but as an envelope and background for life which goes on in and around it, a sensitive container for the rhythm of footsteps on the floor, for the concentration of work, for the silence of sleep.
建築有它自身的領域,與生活有種特殊的物質聯繫。我主要不是將它當作一個信息或一個符號,而是作為生活的封套和背景來考慮,生活在其內部或周圍進行,是一個對地板上步履的節奏,對工作的專心,對睡眠時的安靜都很敏感的容器。
這個就跟我自己在Bartlett的研究生階段學到一個設計思維不謀而合了,如果只是把建築理解為3D空間,房子,就太淺顯了,他的存在之於城市而言,可能可以比喻成一個身體內的腫瘤吧,跟身體內環境生長在一起,受到了種種生理因素的影響,同時它對身體的反饋也是那麼的直接而複雜。哈哈,突然在腦中勾勒出了一個腫瘤漫畫形象。
Preliminary promises
Architectural drawings try to express as accurately as possible the aura of the building in its intended place. But precisely the effort of the portrayal often serves to underline the absence of the actual object, and what then emerges is an awareness of the inadequacy of any kind of portrayal, curiosity about the reality it promises, and perhaps - if the promise has the power to move us - a longing for its presence.
建築繪圖試著儘可能準確地表達建築的氛圍,在其預設之處。但是,繪圖成果常常用來強調那個實際對象的不在場,之後顯現的是對任何一種繪圖不充分的意識、對它所承諾的事實的好奇,也許還有——如果這承諾有能打動我們的力量——對它存在的渴望。If the naturalism and graphic virtuosity of architectural portrayals are too great, if they lack 「open patches」 where our imagination and curiosity about the reality of the drawing can penetrate the image, the portrayal itself becomes the object of our desire, and our longing for its reality wanes because there is little or nothing in the representation that points to the intended reality beyond it. The portrayal no longer holds a promise. It refers only to itself.
後面這段英文沒有引用文章本身的中文翻譯,因為不太恰當,學會留白,給人充分的想像空間,是現在那麼多「漂亮圖紙」大多欠缺的,因為,構思之處,就缺少了設計者本身對圖紙表達的思考和對超現實的設想。
I continue working on my drawings until they reach the delicate point of representation when the prevailing mood I seek emerges, and I stop before inessentials start detracting from its impact. The drawing itself must take on the quality of the sought-for object.
指向未來的真實的設計圖紙在我的工作中是重要的。我繼續繪圖,直到其能精確表達。那時,我所尋找的主要情緒顯現出來,並在無關緊要的東西開始影響其效果之前停止繪製。繪圖自身必須呈現其所追求的目標的品質。These sort of drawings enable us to step back, to look, and to learn to understand that which has not yet come into being and which has just started to emerge.這種製圖使我們能夠退後幾步,看看,學著去了解什麼還沒有產生,什麼才剛剛開始顯現。
Chinks in sealed objects
Buildings are artificial constructions. They consist of single parts which must be joined together. To a large degree, the quality of the finished object is determined by the quality of the joins.
房屋是人工構築物。它們由許多必須連接在一起的獨立部分組成。在很大程度上,最終完成的品質取決於連接處(join)的品質。There is a magical power in every completed, self-contained creation. It is as if we succumb to the magic of the fully developed architectural body. Our attention is caught, perhaps for the first time, by a detail such as two nails in the floor that hold the steel places by the worn-out doorstep. Emotions well up. Something moves us.在每個完成的、獨立的創作中,都有一種奇特的力量。就好像我們折服於被充分發展的建築物的魔力似的。也許,當我們第一次看到某個細節,就被吸引了,例如地板里的兩根釘子承拖著被磨破的門階處的鋼。情感湧現,某些東西打動了我們。
"腫瘤君"再次被呼叫出來。。。。。。。正因為這些設計是基於一個複雜系統,所以也更有挑戰和吸引力吧。
又到凌晨,趕緊記下,因為怕自己明天就忙忘記了這些感觸,先寫到這裡,上面這組圖沒有什麼特別想表達的,只是希望,聽完我大逼叨逼叨後不用那麼沉重。哈哈哈哈,好喜歡這些。
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