BSAI——人工智慧學士學位的誕生

05-23

BSAI——人工智慧學士學位的誕生

來自專欄認知神經科學

在今天的知乎專欄里，我想全球首發一份BSAI的中文新聞稿。

英文稿鏈接：Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science

中文稿夾雜了很多私貨，做了很多用心解讀。除了我就要成為CMU校友這一事實之外，並無利益衝突，特此說明。

人工智慧學士學位的誕生，在AI如日中天的當下可以說是眾望所歸。這對我來說也有特殊的意義，毫不誇張地說，十年前我就在期待它的誕生了。

講真，我是在懵懵懂懂念到本科最後一年才忽然頓悟，什麼才是我在大學時代最想要的知識體系。當時選課相對比較自由，除了必修課之外我基本隨興趣選、也參加過一些不計入學分的通識課程。總的來說，修過的課里讓我最著迷的非認知科學莫屬。那是我第一次在一門課中，同時接觸到認知心理學、哲學、語言學、計算機科學、神經科學等諸多角度對智能（intelligence）本源、模擬及相應倫理的探討，大呼過癮！

十年後，這個本科學位終於在卡內基·梅隆大學（Carnegie Mellon University, CMU）誕生了。美國首個人工智慧學士學位開設在這裡，可能是向傳統致敬的最好方式。

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人工智慧的發源地

CMU見證了AI早期黃金時代的六十年代。

總是聽心理系的老一輩教授們提當年這裡的往事。其中，不得不提到的兩位便是信息處理語言（Information Processing Language，IPL）的發明者們，赫伯特·西蒙（Herbert Simon）與艾倫·紐厄爾（Allen Newell）。在1956年，他們合寫了"邏輯理論家"（Logic Theorist）和"一般問題解決器"（General Problem Solver）。這是世界上公認最早的AI程序。

對人工智慧發展史好奇的你可以戳這裡了解更多：

Timeline of artificial intelligence?

en.wikipedia.org

（插一句，當今老有微信公眾號動不動就誇誰誰是跨界大神、跨界通才，本座實在是看不下去。你們先了解一下赫伯特·西蒙的輝煌歷史再考慮要不要使用"跨界大神"一詞好嗎？現代科學的發展趨向複雜性和系統性，能在某個學科或領域獨樹一幟已然不易。而西蒙當年在計算機、心理學、管理學、經濟學等不同領域輕鬆拿到10項業內最高成就獎，包括諾貝爾經濟學獎、計算機圖靈獎、美國心理學會終身成就獎、美國國家科學獎。這才是真跨界大神。）

http://www.cs.cmu.edu/simon/?

www.cs.cmu.edu

Herbert A. Simon Tribute

Herbert A. Simon Tribute?

www.cs.cmu.edu

傳奇暑校

轉眼時間切換到1986年，CMU迎來了第一界 Connectionist Summer School。下面這張照片很珍貴，當下AI的時代弄潮兒們幾乎都在這張照片中有所出現。借用 @Yuanning 說過的一句話，」所有玩神經網路、計算神經、計算語言的後輩們，幾乎都能在這張照片里找到自家的祖師爺！（Y. Li, personal communication）"

(哇塞，我這個引用做得好學術好專業呀，求表揚！)

圖片來源：1986 Connectionist Models Summer School, CMU

官方注釋：

This is the official picture taken at the first Connectionist Models Summer School organized by Geoff Hinton, Terry Sejnowski and Dave Rumelhart at Carnegie-Mellon University in July 1986.

Here is a non-exhaustive list of people in the picture: Dave Ackley, Richard Durbin, Bart Selman, Dave Plaut, Bartlett Mel, Jim Anderson, Andy Barto, Richard Golden, Michael Mozer, Stanislas Dehaene, Mitsuo Kawato, Yves Chauvin, Yann LeCun, Jonathan Bachrach, Michael Jordan, Jim Hendler, David Willshaw, Dave Parker, Eric Saund, Charlie Rosenberg, Steve Nowlan, Dana Ballard, Dave Touretzky, Jay McClelland, Geoff Hinton, Terry Sejnowski.

以上就是我的精選版人工智慧發展史中與CMU相關的部分，可能有所疏漏，歡迎小夥伴們留言補充。

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下面我們來看一下CMU BSAI學位的課程設置。

鏈接：Coming this Fall: B.S. in Artificial Intelligence

BSAI的課程設置幾乎整合了校內現有的最好資源：數學、統計、計算機、（現有的）人工智慧、科學、工程、人文學科。具體每一學期的必修和選修課程在下圖中有說明。我簡單看了一眼，感覺要念下來還是挺辛苦的。其他系我不是很熟，不過心理系的課我看了，都是非常相關的明星課程。

BSAI majors will take courses in math and statistics, computer science, AI, science and engineering, and humanities and arts. Theres also room built into the curriculum for academic exploration via electives. Heres how the curriculum breaks down.

Math and Statistics Core (6 Courses)

Math Foundations of Computer Science (15-151)
Differential and Integral Calculus (21-120)
Integration and Approximation (21-122)
Matrices and Linear Transformations (21-241)
Probability Theory for Computer Scientists (36-218)
Modern Regression (36-401)

Computer Science Core (5 Courses Plus Freshman Immigration Course)

Freshman Immigration Course (15-128)
Principles of Imperative Computation (15-122)
Principles of Functional Programming (15-150)
Parallel and Sequential Data Structures and Algorithms (15-210)
Introduction to Computer Systems (15-213)
Great Theoretical Ideas in Computer Science (15-251)

Artificial Intelligence Core (3 Courses Plus Concepts in Artificial Intelligence)

Concepts in Artificial Intelligence (Mini, Spring Semester)
Introduction to AI Representation and Problem Solving (15-381)
Introduction to Machine Learning (10-401)
Take one of the following courses:

Introduction to Natural Language Processing (11-411)
Introduction to Computer Vision (16-385)

Ethics Elective (1 Course From the Following)

Freshman Seminar: Artificial Intelligence and Humanity (16-161)
Ethics and Policy Issues in Computing (17-200)
AI, Society and Humanity (80-249)

AI Cluster Electives (4 Courses)

Take one course from each of the following areas:

Decision Making and Robotics Cluster

Neural Computation (15-386)
Truth, Justice and Algorithms (15-483)
Cognitive Robotics (15-494)
Strategic Reasoning for AI (new)
Planning Techniques for Robotics (16-350)
Mobile Robot Programming Laboratory (16-362)
Robot Kinematics and Dynamics (16-384)
Planning, Execution and Learning (new)

Machine Learning Cluster

Deep Reinforcement Learning and Control (10-403)
Machine Learning for Text Mining (11-441)
Advanced Data Analysis (36-402)
Introduction to Deep Learning (new)

Perception and Language Cluster

Search Engines (11-442)
Speech Processing (11-492)
Computational Perception (15-387)
Computational Photography (15-463)
Vision Sensors (16-421)

Human-AI Interaction Cluster

Designing Human-Centered Systems (05-391)
Human-Robot Interaction (16-467)
Learning From People (new)
Design Studio on Intelligent Products and Services (new)

Humanities and Arts

BSAI students take seven courses in the humanities and arts as part of the SCS General Education requirements. Of the seven Humanities and Arts courses in the curriculum, one must be in cognitive science or cognitive psychology. Examples include:

Cognitive Psychology (85-211)
Human Information Processing and Artificial Intelligence (85-213)
Perception (85-370)
Human Memory (85-390)
Visual Cognition (85-408)
Cognitive Modeling (85-412)
Language and Thought (85-421)
Learning in Humans and Machines (85-426)

Science and Engineering

BSAI students take four courses in science and engineering as part of the SCS General Education requirements.

咦，你居然看到最後了。

其實就想說，BSAI大概是曾經幼齒的我在大學最好的時光里最想要的知識體系構架吧。（筆芯～）

暫時沒有彩蛋唉，不過可能會不定期更新哦。

一個虎頭蛇尾的人

首發於具有紀念意義的2018年5月10日