懂你英語-筆記分享L5-U2

// (『重讀) (_輕聲) (x ~ x連讀) (#跟讀) (##聽讀) (+##複習時跟/聽讀) (xxx下劃線是測試題答案) (加粗是對於我的生詞/片語)

L05U02 1-1 Listening (The emotion of love)

1) One of the most important human emotions is love.

2) However, there are many different kinds of love.

3) # Romantic love is certainly one of the most interesting kinds of love.

It can be beautiful, wonderful and heart breaking, sometimes all at the same time.

4) Romantic love can make our lives full of meaningful, but it can also be an escape from loneliness and suffering.

(Besides romantic love, another kind of love is between parents and children.)

+## (Other kinds of love include the love between a parent and child.)

## If romantic love has a purpose, neither psychology nor biology has discovered it.

However, throughout history, philosophers have offered opinions about it.

1) ## The Greek philosopher, Plato, said love makes us complete.

2) He relates a comic story in which humans originally had 4 arms, 4 legs and 2 faces. (敘述)

3) +## Then, when angered the Gods, they were cut in half.

4) # Since then every person has been searching for their soulmate, the other half of his or her self.

## Another philosopher believed that love is an illusion. (…it isn』t what it seems to be.)

# In his view, people fall in love because they believe the another person can make them happy.

+## But in fact, this is just an illusion designed to make us have children.

+## Once we have children, we are right back to where we were, still searching for happiness.

+## For nature this is a success, because we have children to maintain our species.

But it leaves us still searching for something more.

+# (Some people say love can be a disguise for our sexual desires or a biological trick to make us have children.)

1) # In Buddhism, romantic love is seen as an attempt to satisfy our desires.

2) +# These desires are a defect, something we need to overcome.

3) +# The way to free ourselves from suffering is to remove desires.

4) +## Once free of desires we can reach a state of peace and wisdom.

This state of being is called Nirvana.

In one of the China』s greatest classic novels, Dream of Red Camber, love is presented as a state of foolishness.

# A young man falls in love with a beautiful woman who tricks make a fool of him.

This results a conflicting emotions of love and hate, which tear him apart.

## To cure him, a priest gives him a magic mirror.

# The priest tells him to look into the reverse side of the mirror, but never to look in the front side.

+## When the young man looks into the mirror, he doesn』t like what he sees, so he looks into the forbidden side, the front side.

There he sees the lovely image of his love, who invites him into the mirror to be with her.

He does it several times, until hes finally dragged away in chains.

+## (He is dragged away in chains and dies while looking into the mirror.)

## He dies while looking into the mirror.

## (He enters the mirror to be with his love and satisfy his desires.)

+## Perhaps the point of the story is that all such attachments should be avoided.

1) A famous French writer, Simone de Beauvoir has another point of view. (西蒙.波娃)

2) ## For her, love is the desire to intergrade(integrate錯詞) with another, like in a great friendship. (逐漸合一)

3) However, it is important that lovers not to become too dependent on the other person.

4) Becoming dependent on another person can lead to boredom or power games.

+#Lovers should support each other in discovering themselves and developing their potentials.

+## In this way, romantic love can enrich the world.

## Falling in love can be exciting and frightening.

## Maybe we lose ourselves and maybe we find ourselves.

Will you dare to find out?

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L05U02 1-2 Vocabulary (Behaviour)

Forbidden or prohibited, to be against the rules or not allowed.

## Smoking is prohibited on many airplanes.

Athletes are forbidden from taking certain kinds of drugs.

If something is allowed, it isn』t forbidden or prohibited.

## (Access to that part of the factory is prohibited for security reasons.)

# (Some parts of the factory are forbidden to visitors unless they have special permission.)

(Tourists are forbidden from taking pictures inside the museum.)

(Her parents didn』t like him, so she was forbidden to see him ever again.)

+# (They were forbidden from going to that website because of its content.)

+# (Weapons of any kind are prohibited inside the stadium.)

Risky, to be a bit dangerous or unsafe.

A risky investment may not be a good idea for people who worry too much.

If you make a risky investment you may lose a lot of money.

## What level of risk are you willing to take?

## (Meeting someone on the internet can be very risky, so be careful.)

(Starting a new company can be very risky because most new companies fail within 5 years.)

+# (Investing in that company is very risky, )

Ridiculous, to be foolish or not making any sense.

# Their proposal is ridiculous, because it requires too much time and money.

+# Without enough quality practice, it』s ridiculous to expect too much progress.

(He is lazy and the quality of his work is poor, so it』s ridiculous for him to expect a bonus.)

(It』s ridiculous for us to expect great results from such a poorly designed product.)

Innovative, to come up with new ideas and way of doing thing.

Innovative people are usually cleaver and creative.

To innovate, means to come up with a new way of doing something.

Innovative of thinking, can lead to the development of new products and services.

(He isn』t innovative because he resists change and always wants to do things the same way.)

+## (She left the company because she didn』t think it was innovative enough.)

(If they want to be innovative, they should change the way they』ve been doing things.)

+# (Agreeing to her innovative ideas was difficult at first, but it turned out to be the right decision.)

+# (His innovative proposals made several of the engineers very uncomfortable, but they finally agreed.)

Conservative, to be conservative is to avoid taking risks.

+## Conservative investors try to make safe investments.

A conservative investor wants to minimize risks.

## A conservative approach to management may discourage innovation.

(If you don』t want to take a risk, you should take a conservative approach to investing.) (保守的方法)

## (She wants to escape from her parents because they are too conservative.)

+# (Her parents are very conservative, so they don』t approve of her wearing so much makeup.)

To disguise, to change something』s appearance, so that it can』t be recognized.

+# He wasn』t good at disguising himself, so we knew who he was right the way.

## She wore a disguise, so I wasn』t sure who she was.

## (She didn』t want anyone to recognize her, so she wore a disguise.)

+# (She disguised her true intentions so )

(I don』t trust him because he is so good at disguising his real plans.)

(She disguised her true attention, so nobody knew what she was planing to do.)

To clarify, to explain or make something clear.

We weren』t sure what he meant, until he clarified his ideas.

Everyone was confused until she clarified what she meant.

## (We can』t ~ agree to your proposal unless you clarify a few points.)

+## (There are still many details that need to be clarified.)

To confuse, to make things difficult to understand, the opposite of to clarify.

+## Everyone was confused because her presentation was so disorganized.

+## He confuses people because he keeps changing his ideas.

+## The instructions were confusing, so nobody knew what to do.

(A good leader can make decisions even when the situation is confusing.)

# (He was confused about what he was supposed to do, so he didn』t do a very good job.)

## (After that explosion people were confused and unsure about where to go.)

(Her comments during the meeting weren』t very constructive because they were so confusing.)

To ignore, to try not to notice or deal with something, to act as something isn』t there.

We tried to ignore her, but she finally stood up and told everyone to shut up.

## People don』t respect or like her, so they ignore her in the office.

(He is an ignorant old fool, so we should just ignore him.)

(We can no longer ignore the fact that our company needs to be reorganized.)

+## (We can』t ignore the fact that we are losing money.)

(We are ignorant because we are ignoring the facts.)

To confirm, to indicate that something is correct or completed as expected.

# We weren』t sure he was going to accept our offer until he called and confirmed it.

## We can』t start the project without a written confirmation that we agree on the details.

## (Can you confirm that the payment has been received?)

(We can』t afford to make a mistake, so we need to confirm the facts.)

+## (Please confirm or deny that you were at the meeting.)

(He denied that he was at the meeting, but we have confirmed that he was there.)

+# (He denied being there, but we have witnesses who can confirm that he was there.)

+# (We won』t sign the contract until we receive confirmation that they have made the first payment.)

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L05U02 1-3 Dialogue (Journal of teenagers)

A: What』s so funny?

What』re you writing about?

B: ## I』m writing about something I saw earlier this morning.

A: Really? Do you keep a journal?

## (He is surprised to hear that his friend is keeping a journal.)

# (This kind of journals is a collection of observations rather than personal experiences.)

B: Yes, I do.

+# Every weekend I write about things that happened during the week.

A: How long have you been doing it?

B: ## I』ve been doing it fairly regularly since high school.

A: Are you going to turn it into a book?

B: I don』t know.

Maybe I will someday, but for now, its just for me.

A: 1) So, what was so interesting about what you saw this morning?

B: 2) I was in the same coffeeshop I usually go to and a group of teenagers came in.

+## (A group of teenagers came into the coffee shop where he was sitting.)

3) I couldn』t help watching them and trying to hear some of their conversation.

A: 4) ## That must have been interesting.

B: Yes, it was.

The more I watched them, the more I realised how glad I』m that I don』t have to go through that stage of life again.

A: So it brought back some memories, didnt it?

B: Yes it did.

It was so clear how uncomfortable some of them were, yet they were pretending to have a good time.

At least, that』s how it seem to me.

# (It seemed to him that some of them weren』t having a good time.)

A: +## Why do you think they were pretending?

B: It was just the way they smiled and laugh.

+## It seemed unnatural and overdone, as if they were bad actors.

+# (In his opinion, the way they interacted with each other was a bit unnatural and exaggerated.)

B: 1) A couple of the boys were really awkward around the girls, and two of the girls were wearing too much makeup.

I had to stop myself and laughing.

A: 2) Yes, I can imagine it.

## I can remember wanting to be popular when I was in high school.

3) +# Now that you mention it, it wasn』t a great time, thought I had some fun too.

B: 4) +# I guess it wasn』t so bad at the time, except when I was preparing for my university entrance examinations.

A: Yes, that was awful.

# My parents put tons of pressure on me, so I thought I was going to go 『crazy.

A: What about girls?

Did you have any girlfriends?

B: +# There was one girl I had a crush on, but I thought she was interested in somebody else.

+## I didn』t find it out until much later that she was interested in me too.

## It was a lost opportunity, one of many.

(He didn』t realise that the girl he had a crush on was interested in him.)

A: +## Really? You should become a writer or make a movie.

You have a great imagination.

B: # To be honest, it』s much easier to imagine things than actually do things.

A: You can say that again. (I agree with you)

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L05U02 2-1 Listening (Light and color)

1) People have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times.

2) Some people thought that light came from the eye rather than coming into the eye.

3) +## To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them. (to make it visible)

4) Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon which is reflected sunlight.

Light comes from the light source, such as the sun, and either enter our eyes directly, or after it』s reflected of something.

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In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton showed that when light passes through a prism, it separates into all the other colours.

## (A prism separates light into its component colors.)

+## This clearly demonstrated that light is composed ~ to many different colors.

## The difference between colors is due to their wavelength.

+## (Each color is a single wavelength of light.)

+# A prism separates light into different colors because each color has a different wavelength.

+## The angle at which a color bends in the prism depends on its wavelength.

+# (Besides the sun, any object that produces its own light is a direct light source.)

(Light enters our eyes directly or after it has reflected off something like a tree or flower.)

1) # Colors with shorter wavelengths bend more than colors with longer wavelengths.

2) ## This explains why red light bends less than yellow light.

3) The reason is because its wavelength is longer.

4) # Of the visible colors, violet light has the shortest wavelength, so it bends the most.

# If you have ever painted, you know that different colors can be combined to create new colors.

+## (Different colors can be combined to form other colors.)

For example, ## if you add white to a color, you lighten it.

# However, _that three primary colors, red, blue and yellow, cannot be made by mixing other colors.

## (The primary colors cannot be created by mixing other colors.)

It isn』t possible to mix any combination of colors to create red, blue or yellow.

# Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color, such as purple, which is made by mixing blue and red.

+## Mixing three primary colors creates a tertiary color, such as brown or grey. (第三的)

Colors are wonderful to look at, but they also affect people in ways besides sight.

## They have a powerful effect on how people feel and behave.

Artists notice and so do business people who want to influence how people feel about their products and advertisements.

+# For example, research shown that people can be more productive if they are working in a blue room.

The color purple is often linked to wealth and loyalty, and it seems as a mysteries, spiritual color.

+## (Purple ~ is make by mixing blue and red.)

+## Some colors have even been associated with challenges in blood pressure. (are connected in some way)

+## Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal and culture factors.

Therefor, it』s important not to believe everything you hear about the effects of color.

1) +# Though there are differences between cultures, there is a general agreement about some colors.

2) +# The color red, for example, is a warm color associated with energy and excitement in many cultures.

3) ## In china red is associated with fire, energy and good fortune.

4) On the other hand, one experiment showed that exposing students to red before taking a test can have a negative effect.

In fact, of all the colors, research shows that red has the most powerful effect on human behavior.

Certainly, it』s interesting and important to better understand the psychological effects of light and color.

## To gain a better understanding of these effects, more researches is needed.

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L05U02 2-2 Vocabulary (Actions related with job)

To promote, to move someone up in an organisation, usually because she has done a good job.

## We』re going to promote her to manager.

## If we don』t promote him, he』ll probably be upset.

The opposite of promote is demote.

(It looks like we promoted him too soon, because he can』t do the job.)

(We shouldn』t promote anyone unless they really deserve it, which means they have to prove themselves.)

(I don』t think she deserves a promotion yet, but her boss is insisting that we give it to her.)

(to give them a higher level job)

To transfer, to move someone or something from one place to another.

## The company is going to transfer him to Shanghai next month.

She doesn』t want to be transferred, because her husband is against moving to another city.

(He wants to be transferred back to engineering because he hates paperwork.)

(He likes working with us, but he wants to be transferred to a different place within the company.)

(She won』t agree to be transferred unless we give her a promotion and a salary increase.)

To motivate, to get someone interested or excited about doing something.

+## She is really good at motivating her employees.

+# One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving constructive feedback.

+# (We need to motivate our people more and not demotivate them by reducing benefits.)

+# (He』s no fool, so giving him an award without an increase in salary won』t motivate him.)

(When he didn』t get his bonus he was really demotivated, so the quality of his work went down.)

(They aren』t working hard enough because they aren』t being motivated.)

To postpone, to delay or put off something until a later date.

+# We had to postpone the presentation because she wasn』t ready to give it.

+## We can』t continue to postpone the meeting or they will cancel it completely.

(We have no choice but to postpone the test, because the weather conditions aren』t right.)

(We can』t postpone lunching)

(They are asking to postpone making their first payment, so we may decide to cancel the contract.)

To evade, to escape or avoid something.

+## They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure.

He was rested for tax evasion.

# (The hackers broke into the computer and evaded until it was too late to catch them.)

# (They can』t evade paying the import tax or they will lose their license to do business in that country.)

+## (They designed the airplane to evade detection by radar.)

To assign, to give someone a task to do.

## His boss assigned him to increase sales by 50%.

## Her company assigned her to find out more about the competition.

(His department was the one which was assigned to complete the project, so our department wasn』t involved.)

(Her boss assigns her to do too much , frustrated.)

(It』s very dangerous, so I won』t assign this project to you unless you are willing to take a risk.)

To penalize, to fine or punish someone for doing something wrong.

## They were penalized for breaking the rules.

+## You will be penalized if you are late.

(They were all penalized, so they had to work even harder to complete the project on time.)

(We know we would be penalized, but the penalty fair….)

(She was penalized for not submitting her application on time, so she had to pay an extra fee.)

To lay off, to fire or suck a worker because business is bad.

## The company was failing, so he was laid off.

+## Our company had to laid off 50% of our employees.

+## A company may have to lay off workers when business is bad.

+# (He was doing a good job, but the company had to lay him off because they were losing money.)

(He lost his job because his company had to lay off most of its employees.)

(She was laid off, not fired, so it should be easier for her to find a new job.)

To recruit, to look for new employees to hire.

## Their are expanding their business and recruiting new employees.

+## She joined the company after she was recruited at a job fair.

+# (He left his job because he was recruited by another company and offered a much higher salary.)

+## (It isn』t easy for a small company to recruit experienced managers.)

+# (She was recruited to work for a recruiting company, but now she』s being laid off.)

To resign, to voluntarily quit one』s job.

## His boss didn』t like him, so he was asked to resign.

## She resigned from her job because of health reasons.

# (He wanted to resign, but he needed to stay on for another year to complete the project.)

# (He didn』t want to be transferred, so he decided to resign and work for a competitor.)

(She has decided to resign because she wants to spend more time with her family.)

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L05U02 2-3 Dialogue (Make-up)

M: Wow! You look different today.

W: You mean more beautiful.

M: What』s with all the makeup?

W: ## I feel like dressing up today.

Don』t you like it?

# (She felt like dressing up today, so she put on more makeup than usually wears.)

## (She』s wearing more makeup than usual, especially with the bright red lipstick.)

M: ## Do you want me to be honest?

W: Of course, but I know you.

You are so old-fashioned.

M: # I just think you don』t need so much makeup to look beautiful.

+# (He thinks she doesn』t need so much makeup to look beautiful and attractive.)

+## That lipstick is like a fire engine.

W: +## Well not everyone agrees with you.

+## And I like looking different once in a while.

M: I』m glad I』m not a woman.

## There are too many things to deal with.

W: Yes, you wouldn』t be good at it.

+# You always wear the same old clothes, it』s boring. (always dresses as the same way)

+# (He always dresses the same way, and doesn』t seem to care about the fashion.)

M: ## Maybe it』s boring, but it』s comfortable.

W: # You』re never going to find a new girlfriend if you don』t change.

M: # I』m not interested in women anymore, you know that, they are nothing but trouble.

W: Am I trouble?

M: You and I are just opposites.

You are alway doing something new, and I would rather just relax.

(Their personalities are quite different, almost complete opposites.)

W: You sound like an old man.

## You need to act younger.

## You need to be more exciting.

M: And then what? Find my soulmate?

W: ## Really, you sound so cynical! (adj. 憤世嫉俗的；冷嘲的)

# (A cynical person is someone who doesn』t care much about anything.)

+## Don』t you believe in love?

M: Sure, in the movies maybe.

M: Love is an illusion.

It never last, once it starts just difficult to break up.

W: ## Your problem is that you expect too much from love.

M: I thought you are the romantic one.

You are too romantic.

You need to more practical.

M: # I thought you were the romantic one.

W: +## I have a romantic side, yes, but I』m practical.

+## (She has a romantic side, but she is also practical.)

+# My man has got to be good looking, well-dressed and hopefully rich.

M: Ha hah! Then that lets me out.

W: Yes, you』ve got a lot to learn.

W: Now, where are we going for dinner.

Somewhere expensive?

M: +# Ok, youve convinced me that your makeup isn』t so bad.

But I think it』s your turn to pay.

W: That』s what you think.

## (They』ll split the bill.)

## (He cares a lot about fashion.)

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//計分記錄

//Speaking——20171020, 4 stars, 94』, +70, +114, +30

//Grammer——20171020, 4 stars, 100』, +66, +117, +66

//Matching——20171020, 4 stars, 100』, +80, +207, +80

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L05U02 3-1 Listening (Iceman)

One of the most interesting people in history is probably someone you have never heard of.

We』ll called him Iceman because his body was frozen in ice for several thousand years.

His body was discovered in 1991 by two hikers in the mountains near the border of Austria, in Italy.

# The lower part of his body was still frozen in ice, but the upper part was uncovered and visible.

1) ## Once the body was extracted from the ice, it was taken ~ in for examination.

2) Upon the examination, scientists determined that the Iceman lived around 5,300(53 hundred) years ago.

3) This was at the end of the Stone Age, nearly 1000 years before the great pyramids were built.

4) This made him the oldest mummy ever found.

1) ## Iceman』s body was in good condition when ~ it was found.

# People believed that the body was one of the many hikers who had been lost in recent years.

2) +## Nobody suspected that the body was as old as it was.

3) It had been preserved by the ice for thousands of years.

## (It was in good condition because it had been preserved by the ice.)

4) +## Given its good condition, studying in it was like opening a window in time.

+## Scientists _could learn a lot about how people lived 5000 years ago.

1) +# The Iceman lived ~ at the end of the Stone Age, a time of great change in human history.

# (The Iceman lived at a time of great change, at the end of the Stone Age.)

+# Hunting was ~ still a major source of food, but people were beginning to farm.

## People were settling down and forming communities.

2) # (People were beginning to farm and form permanent communities.)

+## (People were beginning to farm, so they needed to settle in one place.)

3) These communities were claiming territory and setting up boundaries.

(Communities were claiming territory and fighting to defend it from outsiders.)

4) As a result, sometimes they had to fight to defend their territory from outsiders.

The village where the iceman lived was probably not far from where he died.

## Perhaps, he was killed in a battle with outsiders.

Iceman was about 45 years old when he died.

He was 1.6 meters tall, and weight about 50 kilo-grand when he was alive.

Along with the body were some other objects.

These included some weapons, including a bow arrow, a knife and an ~ ax.

He was still wearing one ~ of his shores, and he had a backpack with a wooden frame.

He also had some plants that may have been used for medical purposes.

Further examination of the body showed that he was well fit with a diet of meat, bread and fruit.

In fact, +## he ate several meals within a few hours of his death.

## From all the evidence, he probably had a good life.

+## Perhaps he was hunting for food when he was caught in a sudden storm.

1) For several years after the discovery of the body, scientists believed that he died form the cold.

2) Weather is unpredictable in the area where he was found, so perhaps he was caught in an unexpected storm.

3) However, ten years after his body was found, new evidence pointed to a new cause of death.

4)1) In 2001, examiners x-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the Icemen』s chest.

+# In 2001, examiners x-rayed the Iceman』s body and found an arrowhead deep in his chest.

2) # Further analysis revealed that the iceman had been shorted from behind.

3) The arrow had cut through the artery and had caused sever bleeding.

4) # Clearly, it was a case of murder, the oldest case of murder ever discovered.

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L05U02 3-2 Vocabulary (Actions)

To sue, to take someone to course in a legal disagreement.

## The broke a contract and didn』t pay, so we sued them and won.

# She sued her employer for firing her, but she lost because they had the right to fire her.

(When she left her job she sued her employer for not keeping its promise to pay her a bonus.)

# (When she asked for an extra payment, we refused because it was illegal and she could have sued us.)

(If something is confidential, you should restrict access to it.)

(We couldn』t agree to her plan to avoid paying taxes, which was illegal, so she threatened to sue us.)

+## (We had to be very careful when we talked to her because we didn』t want to be sued.)

To restrict, to put limits on something.

## This is a restricted area, so stay away.

## We need to restrict them from talking to anyone about our project.

(We have unlimited access to their research and there are no restrictions on how we use the information.)

+# (We can』t trust him, so we will have to restrict his activities until we know him better.)

+# (The government tried to restrict people from going there because it was too dangerous, but some people insisted on going.)

+# (If something is confidential, you should restrict access to it.)

To negotiate, to deal with or bargain with others to reach an agreement.

Instead of starting a war, we should negotiate and find a way to compromise.

+## We are trying to negotiate a better deal, but it isn』t easy.

(The price is too high, but if we negotiate we may be able to get a discount.)

(If we agree to buy more, then we can negotiate for a volume discount.)

+# (He never wants to negotiate, so he has lost several important customers.)

Responsible for or responsible to, to be responsible for something means to have the job of getting it done or taking care of.

If you are responsible to someone, it means that you are working under their control.

(She is the person responsible for improving sales last year, so we should give her a promotion.)

+# (We need to report this to our boss because we are responsible to her and because she will judge our performance.)

+## (We have many responsibilities, but she is the one responsible for product development.)

(He is responsible to the CEO, so he can』t sign the contract without her final approval.)

Oversee or supervise, to control or direct a process or project.

One of his responsibilities was to supervise the rescue operations and keep things under control.

+## As product manager, she oversees the work of several department.

(When we got to the accident, everyone was confused because there was nobody there to supervise.)

(It』s my responsibility to oversee how things are being done and then make recommendations to the CEO.)

(Their new project is behind schedule because nobody oversees how the departments work together.)

To merge, to combine or come together.

Those two companies used to be competitors, but now they have merged into one company.

## When the two companies merged, many people were laid out.

(When two companies merge, there are often many problems, including layoffs.)

(When the two companies merged, some of their best people left and started another company.)

+## (When two companies combine into one, it』s called a merger.)

(They plan to merge with a much larger company, so they will lose their identity.)

To acquire, to buy or take position.

## Some big companies grow by acquiring other companies.

One way to protect your business is to acquire your competitors.

(We need to acquire new technology as soon as possible because we are out-of-date.)

(The best way to acquire a new skill is to find a great teacher or program and practice every day.)

(One way to acquire new technology is to hire innovative people from other companies.)

An agenda, a plan or list of items to be discussed at a meeting.

+## The agenda for the meeting is still unclear.

## What are ~ the main points on the agenda for the meeting?

(There are too many items on the agenda, so we need to cut it down and focus on fewer things.)

(He may have a hidden agenda that hides his real plans, so let』s be careful what we say at the meeting.)

+## (We don』t know what』s on his agenda, so we need to be careful what we say.)

A contract, a written document that defines the rules in a relationship.

A contract isn』t usually useful until things begin to go badly in a relationship.

+## According to our contract, their first payment is due to next week.

+# (It took a long time to agree on a contract because their lawyers kept finding issues that kept us apart.)

(The contract was too much in their favor, so we didn』t sign it.)

(Even a good contract won』t help if a business relationship isn』t build on trust.)

Assets and liabilities, assets are what you own and liabilities are what you owe.

Knowing the assets and liabilities of a company helps determining a company』s value.

# The company had more liabilities than assets, so we decided not to invest.

(Their assets were rapidly increasing in value each year, so we decided to invest.)

# (They have to pay a huge tax penalty, so they have lost value due to the increase in their liabilities.)

+## (If a company borrows a lot of money, it』s increasing its liabilities.)

+# (Our assets include some great technology, so we need to keep investing in research.)

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L05U02 3-3 Dialogue (Quit a job)

B: Good morning Lisa.

## What was it you wanted to see me about?

L: Ah, good morning

Thanks for seeing me on such sort notice, +## I know It』s a busy time for you.

B: That』s ok, Lisa.

+## I can see that you』re upset about something.

Is something wrong?

L: Yes, actually there is, and I』ve been thinking about it a lot.

## (She has been thinking about it a lot.)

## To make it short, I』ve decided to leave the company.

B: You』re going to leave?

L: Yes I think it』s the best, Im really not happy working here anymore.

## (She has decided to quit because she』s not happy working there.)

B: ## Oh, I』m sorry to hear that. Have you found another job?

L: No, it isn』t that.

## My husband and I have just decided that ~ I really don』t need to work.

B: 1) ## Well, I』m sorry to hear that you want to leave.

2) But I really want you to reconsider.

3) ## You have only been here for a year.

+## (She』s been working there for about a year.)

4) # That isn』t very long, and it won』t help your resume if you decide to look for a job in the future.

L: # Yes, that may be true, but staying here is really stressful.

## You mean not be aware of it, but I have real problems with my supervisor, Bill.

## (She has some serious problems working with her supervisor.)

+## (Bill is her supervisor, so he supervises her work.)

B: Oh, what kind of problems?

L: +# He takes on projects and assigns them to me with no regard for my other responsibilities.

It』s just too much.

Then he takes all the credit from my work. (to claim responsibility for the result.)

Maybe I』m just too sensitive.

B: Yes, I know he can act that way, and I have told him it』s an area he needs to improve.

Anyway there are all people like that in every organization.

But, you know how to deal with people like him.

B: # I know it』s difficult, but you need to learn how to deal with people like him.

L: Well, I don』t know.

It』s really stressful.

And it isn』t easy for me to talk to him.

B: Listen Lisa.

+## You have great potential and I don』t want to lose you.

1) If you already had a job offer, I wouldn』t stand in your way.

2) But since you don』t, I really want you to stay.

L: 3) I appreciate you saying that.

4) It means a lot.

B: ## So, will you please reconsider your decision?

L: Yes, I』ll talk to my husband.

(She has convinced her of the importance of staying instead of quitting.)

B: # As for Bill, please try to work with him for a bit longer.

+## This is part of your learning experience.

L: ## Thanks, I really appreciate your advice.

You are great sales person.

I』m feeling better already.

B: You are welcome, Lisa.

I need you to stay.

## Please give it at least another year.

+# (She has sold Lisa on the idea of staying for another year.)

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L05U02 4-1 Listening (Iceman』s death)

1) +# When the body of the Iceman was discovered, nobody realized that he had been murdered.

2) It was the first believed that he got lost in a storm and he had died in the cold weather.

3) 1) However, with the discovery of an arrowhead in his body, it was clearly that the Iceman was murdered.

4) 2) Analysis showed that the arrow had entered his body and cut through an artery in his chest.

3) This would have caused severe bleeding and weakened him.

4) +# With the loss of blood, he couldn』t have survived for very long after being shot.

1) Further examinations revealed something more about how he may have died.

2) Using a CT scan, scientists found blood in his brain.

3) This indicated that he was struck on the head before he died.

# (Blood in the brain indicates that he was hit on the head while still alive.)

4) ## Either he was hit on the head or he fell and struck his head on a rock.

This probably happened when he was in a weaken condition after being shot by the arrrow.

1) Additional evidence showed that the arrow itself had been pulled out of the body.

2) It had been pulled out with force, leaving just the arrowhead inside.

3) Even more interesting was what was left behind, the copper ax.

# (The copper ax, a symbol of power and wealth, was left near the body.)

4) ## The technology needed to make such a weapon was new at the time.

As a result, scientists believe it was a sign of great wealth and position.

+## This suggests that the Iceman may have been an important leader.

+## It also raises the question of why the killer didn』t take it with him.

# (The killer left the copper ax behind, even though it was valuable.)

+## If the Iceman was important, he may have been the leader of his community.

+## One leading theory about his death is that he was assassinated.

+## In ancient times, to take power, you often had to kill the header.

+## (One way to gain power was to kill the leader.)

Perhaps the Iceman was the target of an assassination.

+## There murderer may have followed the Iceman and killed him from behind.

Then, to protect his identity, he pulled out the arrow and covered the body.

+## He left the copper ax behind so that he couldnt be identified.

## (The copper ax, a symbol of power and wealth, was left near the body.)

# (The killer left the copper ax behind, even though it was valuable.)

According to this theory, the Iceman was killed by the member of his own community.

Therefore, the murderer was probably someone he knew.

Another theory is that the Iceman was killed after the battle with outsiders.

+# Since his community was located along an important trade route it may have been attacked.

## The Iceman may have been ~ a military leader fighting to defend his village.

+## Perhaps he was in a battle with the attackers on the day that he died.

According to this theory, he was fleeing from the battle and was caught from behind in an isolated area.

(To flee from something means to run away from it.)

However, from the analysis of his stomach, it is unlike he was running from anyone.

## There was a half-pound of food in his stomach when he died.

# Since food only remains in the stomach for about an hour, he must have eaten a large meal shortly before his death.

# Someone who is in a hurry would never take the time to stop and eat a such large meal.

And if he was killed by outsiders, why didn』t them take the copper ax.

So the question remains about what happened on the final day of his life.

The truth is that nobody will ever know what really happened.

## The Iceman』s murder will remain ~ a mystery forever.

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L05U02 4-2 Vocabulary

To interfere, to slow something down or make worse by getting in the way. (阻礙)

## Having too many meetings is interfering with our work.

I told her to leave us alone and not to interfere our problems.

(She told me not to interfere, so I left the room and left them deal with the problem.)

## (All that noise is interfering my ability to think.)

(We can』t finish the project on time if she continues to interfere by asking too many questions.)

To reflect, to think about or consider something, or to through back a image as from a mirror.

## Before I make a decision, I』d like some time to reflect.

# When you look into a mirror, your image is reflected back to you.

+## (Upon further reflection, I』ve decided to postpone the project.)

# (After finishing the project, he looked back and reflected on what might have been done to make it better.)

+# (When I reflect on something, I look at it again and again in my mind and try to see all sides of it.)

To influence, to have an effect on something.

I think she can help us influence the others.

+## I don』t we can influence the final result.

+# They don』t care what we think so it will be difficult to influence their decision.

+## (We can』t influence the result, so we don』t need to worry about it.)

(There』s nothing we can do to influence the result because they don』t care about anything except money.)

(With his powerful support, maybe we can influence their decision to postpone the project.)

To focus, to bring attention to something and make it clear.

We we don』t focus on something we won』t get anything done.

We aren』t sure what to focus on, so everyone was confused.

(The problem with that company is that they don』t focus enough on improving quality.)

(It』s important to focus, but you have to be careful not to get lost in details.)

(He focused on too many details and didn』t see the overall shape, so the product was a failure.)

To exaggerate, to describe something as larger or more important than ~ it really is.

It』s difficult to believe what he says, because he always exaggerates.

She says she could sell anything, but of cause that was an exaggeration.

(In my opinion, it』s better to exaggerate your skill a bit in an interview rather than be too modest.)

(She said she was fluent in English, but she was exaggerating, so it』s no surprise that she makes so many mistakes.)

(They exaggerate the benefits of their product and ignore the problems in quality, so I don』t trust them.)

# (He exaggerated the facts, so his presentation was misleading and ineffective.)

To be persuasive, able to cause people to do something by asking or giving reasons.

She』s good at selling things because she is very persuasive.

You can be more persuasive, if you have facts to support you.

+## (He isn』t very persuasive because people don』t trust him.)

# (Their demonstration was boring and disorganized, so it failed to persuade anyone.)

(They can』t be persuaded to change their minds, so let』s not waste time with them.)

(Sometimes it takes a long time to persuade people, so don』t be impatient.)

To be convincing, to provide powerful support for a believe and to overcome doubts.

+## The evidence that he was murdered was convincing.

I couldn』t convince them that I was telling the truth, so they arrested me.

(They weren』t convinced that the date was useful, because it was too dis

(She was convicted that we have the best product, but she couldn』t be persuaded to buy.)

(They tried to convince me that he was a liar, but I didn』t believe them because they had no evidence.)

To be misleading, to lead away from the truth, to give a false idea.

+## Their advertisements are misleading, so be careful not to be fooled.

He tried to mislead me into buying it by exaggerating the benefits.

(The claims made by that company misled me into buying something that didn』t work.)

(I was really disappointed when the product arrived, because the advertisement was misleading.)

(I won』t vote for him because what he says is misleading and too good to be true.)

To be unique, to be highly unusual or different from others.

## I like that design, because it』s unique and attractive.

+## She has a unique personality that some people don』t like.

+# (They try too hard to be unique, but they should focus more on quality and better service.)

(I love to listen to him sing because he has a very unique voice.)

(Everything about her is unique, so people are curious to know more about her.)

To be ordinary, to be just like others not different from any other.

+# Their products are ordinary, with nothing except a low price to recommend them.

## The food at that restaurant was expensive, but the taste was ordinary.

## (There is nothing ordinary about her, so we should give her a promotion.)

+## (They said they were special, but their designs were ordinary and boring.)

+# (They are looking for engineers who are creative and can go beyond the ordinary.)

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L05U02 4-3 Dialogue (Improving image)

M: Did you see the beautiful sunset tonight?

It was guogious.

W: No, I didn』t, But I』m surprised you even notice such things.

## (She was surprised that he noticed the beautiful sunset.)

M: Really? Why are you surprised?

W: ## You』re so focused ~ on your work.

I didn』t image you have room in your mind for nature.

M: Really? Well, I just don』t show it.

I make a point of it to notice such things as often as I can.

W: You know I think you should try to show that side of yourself more often.

+# (He should try to show that side of himself that notices the beauty of nature.)

It will improve your image.

M: ## So you think my image needs improving?

W: Well, it wouldnt hurt to be little less formal and to smile once in a while.

# (It wound』t hurt him to be a bit less formal and to smile more often.)

+## (He should show his more sensitive side and be less formal.)

+# You might also improve the way you dress, maybe with a few more warm colors?

M: # I』m afraid I don』t know much about fashion design and warm colors.

# Do you really think the way we dress influences people?

W: You』ve must be kidding.

The first impression you give is based on your appearance and clothes.

Don』t you ever notice the kind of shores someone is wearing.

M: No, I hardly notice.

+## (He hardly notices things such as shoes or clothing styles.)

W: Well then, that explains why your shores are always the same.

How old are the shores you』re wearing now?

M: These? I don』t know, probably a year or so.

W: And I bet you』ve being wear them almost everyday.

They look like it.

M: That right.

1) These shoes are comfortable and they weren』t expensive.

2) Ill bet yours were expensive.

W: 3) Well, they weren』t cheap.

4) # I think it』s important to dress right, to dress for the occasion and make a good impression.

M: Ok, why don』t we go shopping together this weekend?

## (He suggests that they go shopping together.)

You can be my fashion adviser.

W: What』s that for me?

M: ## If you like your advice, I』ll buy you another pair of shores.

How is that?

W: Ok, but, they won』t be cheap.

You understand that, right?

M: Of course, but it』ll be worth it, if you think my new look will improve my image.

W: I guarantee it.

+## (She guarantees that his new look will improve his image.)

## With me as an adviser you cant go wrong.

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