學英語的時候有哪些語法需要特別注意的?
因為說英語的環境少,所以導致我們在學習英語的時候經常用到的語法是錯誤的。在學習進程中從來需要注重潛移默化中由小及大,由易到難的模式,現在幫助大家查漏補缺搞定日常容易疏忽錯漏的知識點。
1、 light,n光 ,v點燃,adj輕的,淺的,淡的????
這個桌子上有一盞亮著的檯燈[誤]There is a desk with a lit lamp on it. [正]There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.
注意: light有兩個過去分詞:lighted和lit,當用過去分詞作形容詞當定語時只能用lighted. light可以用作名詞,如:The moon gets its light from the sun.也可以作形容詞,如:The classroom is very light.還可以作動詞,如:The little girl lit a match.作形容詞時還有"輕"、"淺"等意,如:This box is light. I like light blue.
2、like V喜歡,conj像???
(1)我妹妹長得跟我十分相像 [誤]My sister is very as me.[正]My sister is very like me.
注意:as作為連詞其後要接從句,如:She is a good student as his brother used to be.而like是介詞,其後接賓語。
(2)你今天晚上想要/喜歡 跟我一起游泳嗎?[誤]Do you like swimming with me tonight.
[正]Would you like to swim with me tonight.
注意 :like作為動詞當"喜歡"講時,其後面可接不定式也可接動名詞,用不定式多表達一個一次性的動作,如:Im sorry I dont like to go swimming tonight.用動名詞則表示一個習慣性的動作,如:I like swimming very much.
(3)like和alike作為形容詞,alike一般不作定語,而只作表語,如;The twins are very alike.
[誤]Would you like swimming with us? [正]Would you like to swim with us?
注意 :在would you like…這一句型中,其後面只能接不定式,而不能接動名詞。like的用法還要注意以下兩點: ①He likes Tom.為"他喜歡湯姆。"②He is like Tom.為"他像湯姆。"第二句話的like為介詞,而第一句話的like為動詞。
3、listen v動詞,表示 聽(動作)
你應該聽取老師的建議[誤]You should hear the teachers advice. [正]You should listen to the teachers advice.
注意:hear多側重於聽到某事或某種聲音,hear表示有沒有聽到,注重聽的結果有沒有收到,而listen to則側重於聽的傾向性,注重動作,不管有沒有聽到實際內容。 如:We listen but hear nothing.例為"聽取某人意見",所以只能用listen to someones advice.
4、Little小的,一點???????
(1)不要著急!還有一點時間[誤]Dont worry, there is little time. [正]Dont worry, there is a little time.。 沒有水了,我是不是應該去取點水?[誤]There is a little water. Shall I get some?[正]There is little water. Shall I get some?
注意:要注意中英文在同一問題上的表達法是不同的。A little連用表示「還有一點點」,實際不多的意思,但是「little」單獨用, 表示幾乎沒有的意思,哪怕有也少到可以忽略。所以在中英文翻譯的時候,需要強調 ,如中文:"水不多了,我去取點吧。"英文要講"沒水了,我去取點吧。"
(2)Little 和small
little與small是近義詞,在作定語時常常可以互換,如:a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表語,如:The car over there is small.一句中不要用little.作定語時little常常帶有感情色彩,而small則帶有對比的含義。Little形容小,更多的是抽象意義上的小,small形容小,更多是形容大小實際尺寸的。
5、live,v生存生活居住,, adj.活的;生動的;實況轉播的;精力充沛的
(1)湯姆依靠父母的錢生活。[誤]Tom lives with his parents money.[正]Tom lives on his parents money.他以教書為生 。[誤]He lives on teaching. [正]He lives by teaching.
注意:"靠吃某物為生"應用live on something,而live by是"靠某種生活手段為生"。
(2)living 和alive
living側重於生活得很好,身體不錯,如:My grandfather is still living in his eighties.而alive則強調沒有死而是活著的,如:Is that cat alive or dead?
6、Lonely和alone
她想要獨自一個人做作業。[誤]She wanted to do her homework lonely. [正]She wanted to do her homework alone.
注意:lonely意為"寂寞的"、"孤單的"是形容詞 ,如:The old man felt lonely. alone則意為"獨自的"、"單獨的",如:He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely.
Alone表示一個人獨自, 但不表示一個人就是孤單的, 而lonely就是孤單的,寂寞的,哪怕一個人被一圈人包圍,還有會感到「寂寞的,孤獨的」,「寂寞空虛冷」是用lonely形容
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