英語 語法 虛擬語氣

1. 含義
2. 動詞變化
3. 用法
4. 賓語從句中的虛擬

虛擬語氣用來表示假象而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，也可能與事實相反。

beyonce - if i were a boy

if i were a boy, even just for a day, id roll out of bed in the morning, and throw on what i wanted and go

drink beer with the guys, and chase after girls, id kick it with who i wanted, and id never get confronted for it

因為以上的內容都是建立在『我是個男生』的基礎上，所以所有的都是，虛擬語氣。

虛擬語氣在動詞上的體現，參照至尊寶的名言

if i had one more chance, i would say to the girl: " i love you".

所以，

虛擬語氣中，謂語動詞呈現的時態變化就是在原來的時態基礎上，倒退一個時態，但並不是真的表達其顯示的時態。

if i am a boy - if i were a boy

為什麼不是 if i was a boy? 因為虛擬語氣中只有 were 沒有was

if i have one more chance, i will say to the girl, " i love you"

if i had one more chance, i would say to the girl, " i love you"

看一個練習

the mighty desert is burning

for the love of a blade of glass

who shakes her head

and laughs and flies away

i am burning

for the ever-lasting companion

by your side

you are like the stray birds of summer

fluttering to my window and flying away

i have a dream

that right at this moment

i were you wings

flying everywhere in the stars and the sun

斜體部分用了虛擬語氣

對現在的虛擬

從句： if + 主語 + 過去時 （be動詞用were）

主句：主語 + would／could／might／should + do

i were your wings, flying everywhere in the stars and the sun

if i were your wings, i would fly everywhere in the stars and the sun

再來看一下泰戈爾的名句

but yesterday, you shed tears when you missed the sun, and you also missed the stars

i have a dream (用這個來表示虛擬語氣), that yesterday, you had never shed any tears, yet i could have become the tears of the earth, that had kept your smiles in bloom

對過去的虛擬

從句： if + 主語 + had done

主句：主語 + would／could／might／should + have done

you had never shed any tears, yet i could have become the tears of the earth that had kept your smiles in bloom

if you had never shed any tears, yet i could have become the tears of the earth that had kept your smiles in bloom

she could have discovered （本能夠）the beauty of the night 對於如果你因為錯過太陽而哭泣，那你也將錯過群星來說，『她』本能夠發現群星夜晚的美，she might even had found （本可能） it much more amazing that the sunlight! she would have fallen （本將會） into a sweet night sleep! she should have been （本應該） a happier girl! 總之，因為錯過了太陽而哭泣，很多都錯過了。。。這些句子都可以翻譯成本來怎麼怎麼樣

對將來的虛擬

從句： if + 主語 + were to do／should do /did

主句：if + would/ could/might/should + do

i would be that most fortunate stranger ever-lasting by your side

if i were to be/ should be /were that most fortunate stranger, i would be ever-lasting by your side.

哪些動詞的賓語從句中要用到虛擬語氣？

1. 表示命令後的賓語從句

主要是指 order，command等的賓語從句，從句謂語由should+動詞原形構成，其中的should 在美式英語中通常省略

he ordered that the project be settled before tomorrow

he ordered that the project (should) be settled before tomorrow

he had an order that the project should be settled before tomorrow

2. 表示堅持後的賓語從句

主要是指insist 的賓語從句，從句謂語由should+動詞原形構成

he insisted that he should go back home.

3. 表示建議後的賓語從句

主要是指advice，suggest，propose，recommend等的賓語從句，從句中的謂語由should+動詞原形構成

she suggested that he should be more cooperative

she had a suggestion that he should be more cooperative

4. 表示要求後的賓語從句

主要是指ask，require，request等候的賓語從句，從句中的謂語由should+動詞原形構成

he requested that everyone should defend their rights

let us not wallow in the valley of despair - martin luther king

問： what did martin suggest the black do?

he suggested that the black should not wallow in the valley of despair.

以上。

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