飛行器設計學習筆記(九)

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Mon Lapin,

因為網頁故障沒有保存剛剛打好的文字，心情全部忘記了，難過ε(┬┬﹏┬┬)3

哼╭(╯^╰)╮想起小鞋子的天使們，還是開心一丟丟噠

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機翼梯度（Wing Taper）

機翼梯度是用來描述機翼朝頂端方向變窄的程度。梯形度（Taper）可以減少阻力呢！

?就像雞翅從翅根到翅尖越變越窄的樣子一樣哦~

最好的減少阻力的梯形度是橢圓的機翼，可橢圓機翼很難製造，所以機翼通常都是梯形的，機翼的邊緣是直線的而不是弧線噠。

有些低速飛行機還有方形機翼，因為這是最容易製造的。

我們用梯度比來衡量梯形度，梯度比等於機翼頂端的寬度除以機翼根部的寬度（這裡的機翼根部指的是機翼和機身連接的部位）。

今天就先到這裡咯，我們下周再見╰(￣▽￣)╭

———————————這周的我來了————————

梯度比等於一，意味著機翼是矩形的，它的尖端寬度等於根部寬度。

梯度比等於零，意味著機翼是三角形狀的，它的尖端會縮窄為一個點。

梯度比大於一，意味著機翼越來越寬，這在飛機設計中很少見。

為了計算圖片上的梯度比，我們可以帶入公式：

當你設計你自己的飛機時，如果你希望飛機能平穩緩慢飛行，你可以用方形的機翼。如果你想縮窄你的機翼，梯度比在0.4-0.6這個範圍很不錯。你應該注意到機翼的邊緣是直線的話會更容易製作。你的機翼是從泡沫板上裁剪出來的，所以你可以做成任何你想要的形狀，而直線邊緣可以使兩邊更加平衡對稱。此外，先在紙上畫出一側的機翼，把它裁剪出來，把它當做模板再製作出另一個機翼。

extbf{Wing Taper}\

Wing taper describes the way that some wings get narrower towards the tip. Taper helps to reduce drag, allowing planes to fly faster and use less fuel. The best taper to reduce this drag is an elliptical wing, like the one on the Supermarine Spitfire, a famous British fighter plane from World War 2. Elliptical wings are hard to make, so wings normally have straight edges that form trapezoids. Some low speed aircraft have rectangular wings, as these are the easiest to make. The taper is measured by the taper ratio. This is the width of the wing at the tip divided by the width of the wing where it intersects the fuselage, called the root. A taper ratio of 1 means the wing is the same width at both ends, so it is rectangular. A taper ratio of 0 means the wing narrows to a point at the tip, like a triangle. Ａ　taper ratio greater than one would mean the wing gets wider, and this is rarely found in plane designs. To calculate the taper ratio of the Extra 300 wing above, divide the tip length of 70mm by the root length of 130mm, giving a taper ratio of 0.54. The ACE also has a taper ratio of 0.54.\

When designing your own plane, you can use a rectangular wing if you wish as your plane will be flying fairly slowly and it should not matter too much. If you want to taper your wing, a ratio of 0.4-0.6 is a good place to start. You should also note that straight edges are easier to make. Your wing is cut out from foam, so you could make any shape you want, but a straight edge wing will be more even on both sides. Alternatively, draw one side of the wing on paper and cut it out, and use this template to make both halves of the wing.\

Tapering a wing so that it is narrower at the tips can reduce drag.\

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