不是每一條狗都叫警犬

不是每一條狗都叫警犬

來自專欄 動物君

中文字：1392，建議閱讀時間2分鐘；英文字：697

What is a police dog?

the

police use dogs for many jobs in the police force such as finding drugs,

finding people and chasing down suspects. Because of the jobs only certain

breeds of dogs can be use due to their intelligence, speed and attack force.

The early history

Since

the middle ages in England villagers would pay money to the local parish to

help the keep of the bloodhounds. The blood hounds would be used to smell and

hunt outlaws. In London when the population was growing the police and private

protection companies would use dogs are guards.

The

first recorded instant in the police using dogs started in 1869 when the

commissioner of the metropolitan police of London, Sir Charles Warren failed to

identify and capture Jack the Ripper. After this failure, Sir Charles Warren

faced public humiliation in the press blaming him for not using bloodhounds to

find jack the ripper.

The first successful use of dogs been used in

police force was in 1899 when in Paris they were used at night to track down

criminal gangs. This started the first organised police dog service program. The success

of this spread to other countries such as Austria-Hungary and Germany.

Experiments started taking place to find the perfect dog， the German police force selected the German Shepherd Dog as

the ideal dog for police work and opened the first police dog training school

in 1920 in Greenheide, this trained all the dogs to have obedience to the

police officers and learn how to track and attacking criminals.

In

England, the police first used dogs in 1908 to stop thefts in the docks of

Kingston upon Hull. The English police started experiment with finding the

right dog and they used Labrador Retrievers, Doberman Pinschers and the German

Shepherds

Specialised

police dogs

Dogs

must be trained in the right away depending on what job they will have the

different type of jobs are:

· Sentry dog and attack dog

- these

dogs are used to locate suspects and provide security for people and areas.

· Search and Rescue dogs – these dogs are used to search

for people or missed objects. The bloodhounds are used most for these jobs due

to their great sense of smell.

· Arson dogs – these dogs are trained to smell accelerants at

sites of suspected arson attacks

· Cadaver dogs – these dogs are trained to

look for dead bodies mainly used after a natural disaster or missing persons.

dogs have a great sense of smell that they can even find the scent of a

decomposing body under water.

Popular

breeds

Through

years of dog training the perfect dogs have been used for certain jobs this

helps the police in great deal. The most popular dogs are:

· Basset Hound used for locating bombs

and narcotics

· Beagal used for locating bombs,

drugs these dogs are used world wide

· Belgian Malinois used for protection,

attacking, locating IEDs, locating evidence, location drugs, prisoner

transport, human tracking.

· Bloodhound used for odour-specific

ID, tracking and locating bombs, drugs, evidence.

· English Cocker spaniel can locate firearms,

bombs, money and drugs.

· Doberman Pinscher a protection and attack

dog.

· Dutch Shepherd a protection and attack

dog.（同上）

· Springer Spaniel can locate bombs and

drugs.

· German Shepherd are used as protection,

attack dog, ground based tracking and air based tracking, locating human

remains, locating drugs, locating IEDs and locating evidence.

· German Shorthaired Pointer used for ground based

tracking and air based tracking, locating drugs and evidence.

· Labrador Retriever are used for locating

bombs and drugs.

Retirement

Police

dogs are retired if they become injured to an extent where they will not

recover completely, pregnant, or raising puppies, or are too old or sick to continue working. Since many dogs are

raised in working environments for the first year of their life and retired

before they become unable to perform, the working life of a dog is 6–9 years

If

these dogs are killed in the line of duty they get the same honours as their

human partners. The handler makes all the decisions regarding their partner.

中文翻譯

什麼是警犬

警犬顧名思義協助警察完成各類任務如尋找毒品，尋找被害者、找出嫌疑犯。因為這類工作需要較高的智力、速度與攻擊力，因此只有一些特定種類的犬才能勝任。

早期歷史

從英國中世紀開始，村民開始付錢給當地的行政機構用於飼養獵犬。獵犬的主要職責就是找出罪犯。隨著倫敦人口規模逐漸擴大，警局以及一些私人的安保公司開始用狗作為一種警戒力量。

第一條警方有記錄使用犬類協助工作的時間是在1869年，當時倫敦大都市警局的行政長官Charles

Warren未能夠追蹤與抓捕開膛手傑克（就是哪個至今未破世界排名第一的兇殺案）。在他抓捕失敗後，民眾分分譴責Charles

Warren未能使用獵犬來尋找兇手。

第一次成功通過警犬追蹤到犯罪團伙是發生在1899年的巴黎。這也標誌著訓練有素的警犬開始效力於組織。這次成功抓捕活動的事迹很快傳播到其他的國家，例如奧匈帝國以及德國。人們開始尋找尋找質優的犬種，德國警方就選定了德國牧羊犬為最理想的警犬，並且在1920年Greenheide開辦了第一家警犬訓練學校。這所學校主要訓練所有的狗必須服從警員的命令以及如何追蹤和攻擊犯罪分子。

在英國，警方第一次使用警犬是在1908年用於阻止在赫爾金斯頓碼頭的偷竊案中。同時英國警方也開始嘗試尋找合適的犬類用於實際的破案過程中，如拉布拉多犬、杜賓犬、德國牧羊犬。

專業用途的犬

狗的訓練內容取決於它所要執行的任務：

· 放哨與攻擊犬——這類犬主要用去定位嫌疑犯以及提供安保。

· 搜索與營救犬——這類犬主要用於營救人類或者找尋遺失的物品，獵犬由於它敏銳的嗅覺尤其擅長執行該類任務。

· 搜爆犬——這類犬主要訓練在可疑的縱火襲擊案中聞出可疑的燃料。

· 搜屍犬——這類犬主要訓練目標就是尋找屍體，主要在發生自然災害發生後或者人口失蹤後執行任務，它們有非常厲害的嗅覺，甚至可以聞出水下腐爛的屍體。

受歡迎的品種

通過幾年訓練後的質優狗已經用於具體職責的崗位上，這也很大程度得幫助了警方，以下為最受歡迎的幾類犬：

· 矮腿獵犬用於定位炸彈以及麻醉製品

· 小獵兔犬也是世界上最小型的獵犬之一，同時也是相當古老的犬種，用於定位炸彈、毒品，這類犬廣泛用於世界各地，但是對於這種犬類的培育還遠未成功，因此數量較少

· 馬里努阿犬用於防衛、攻擊、定位爆炸裝置、定位線索、定位毒品、犯人押送、跟蹤

· 獵犬用於氣味識別，追蹤和定位炸彈、毒品及相關線索

· 英國可卡犬能夠定位火藥品、炸彈、金錢以及毒品

· 杜賓犬是一種防衛和攻擊的犬類

· 荷蘭牧羊犬同樣是一種防衛和攻擊的犬類，在追蹤獵物方面也相當優秀

· 史賓格獵犬能夠定位炸彈與毒品

· 德國牧羊犬用於防衛與攻擊，它可以基於地理與空氣的定位來追蹤、定位人體遺骸、毒品、簡易的爆炸裝置以及相關線索，經常作為軍犬，第一次世界大戰期間就曾啟用

· 德國短毛指示犬能基於地理與空氣追蹤定位毒品與相關線索，而且相當忠誠，情緒穩定又樂於助人

· 拉布拉多尋回犬可用於定位炸彈與毒品，同時也可導盲哦，它的性格就如同它們的眼鏡一樣溫柔、善良

關於警犬的退役問題

當警犬受傷到一定程度即不能很好復原或者懷孕、撫養幼崽或者年紀太大、生病等情況無法繼續工作時就會退役。很多警犬出生後的第一年就會生活在它們的工作場所中，無法執行任務時就會退役，整個工作年限為6-9年。

如果警犬在執行任務中被殺，他們能夠獲得與他們指導員同樣的榮譽。關於警犬的任何指令與決策都由它們的指導員下達。

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