同義替換全解第六彈: 閱讀(6)

同義替換是雅思考試的核心技能，能夠熟練運用同義替換的同學往往能拿到高分。在聽力和閱讀中，我們通過同義替換來提高解題效率，在口語和寫作中，我們通過同義替換展示表達的多樣化和辭彙的豐富度。為幫助大家培養這項技能，Tracy將長期為大家解讀如何運用同義替換去解雅思聽力和閱讀題。

由於講解主要是通過解劍橋雅思真題進行的，所以建議同學們可以先做一下每次會講解到的文章，再來看本文的解析。

牢記：三種主要的同義替換形式：同義詞替換、概括型替換（題干為細節，原文為概括總結）和解釋型替換（題干為概括總結，原文為細節）。

IELTS 11 Test 1 Reading Paragraph 3

Complete the table below.

Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.

30. to create a that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

定位：tiny spacecraft，orbit，Earth，light

分析：空格處為可數名詞的單數形式，內容為減少光到達地球的東西，這個東西的形成源於將大量小飛行器放入地球上面的軌道

原文：His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth. This could, argues Angel, reduce the amount of light reaching the Earth by two per cent.

答案：sunshade（詞性符合，內容符合）

要點：同義詞替換 tiny→minute；create→form

31. place in the sea

32. to encourage to form

定位：sea，encourage，form

分析：兩題的空格處均為名詞，31題內容為放置於海里的東西，這個東西用來鼓勵32題所指東西的形成

原文：The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out - which include planting forests in deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae - have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth.

答案：31題iron；32題algae（詞性符合，內容符合）

要點：同義詞替換place→deposit；sea→ocean；encourage→stimulate；form→grow

33. to create that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

定位：aerosol sprays，stratosphere，light，Earth

分析：空格為名詞，內容為減少光到達地球的東西，其形成源於向平流層釋放噴霧劑

原文：The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sulphur or hydrogen sulphide aerosols so that sulphur dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming.

答案：clouds（詞性符合，內容符合）

要點：（1）同義詞替換create→form

（2）概括型替換reduce the amount of light reaching Earth→global dimming

34. fix strong to Greenland ice sheets

定位：Greenland ice sheets，icebergs，sea

分析：空格處為名詞，內容為固定在格陵蘭島冰蓋上用來防止冰山入海的東西

原文：Scientists have also scrutinised whether its possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

答案：cables（詞性符合，內容符合）

要點：（1）同義詞替換fix→reinforce

（2）解釋型替換strong→high-tension

35. to allow the to reflect radiation

定位：trees，Russian Arctic，leaves，winter，radiation

分析：空格處為名詞，很可能是特指或前文提到過的東西，它可以反射輻射是因為俄羅斯北極地區種植了在冬天落葉的樹

原文：Meanwhile in the Russian Arctic, geo-engineering plans include the planting of millions of birch trees. Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow.

答案：snow（詞性符合，內容符合）

要點：同義詞替換lose→shed；allow→enable

36.change the direction of

定位：direction，cold water，ice-forming areas

分析：空格處為名詞，改變這個東西的方向可以將更多冷水帶入正在結冰的區域

原文：Re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say some climate scientists.

答案：rivers（詞性符合，內容符合）

要點：概括型替換change the direction→re-route；bring more→increase

注意：考生容易忽略題目要求填的詞數，有時候完整答案由2-3個單詞構成，考生定位答案之後非常激動，完全忘了題目對單詞數量的限制。

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