Factoring Model Law 譯註（二）：一般規定

CHAPTER II GENERAL PROVISIONS

第二章　一般規定

Article 5 Definitions and rules of interpretation

For the purposes of this Law:

5.1. 「Original contract」 means the contract between the assignor and the debtor from which the assigned receivable arises;

5.2. 「Existing receivable」 means a receivable that arises upon or before conclusion of the contract of assignment and 「future receivable」 means a receivable that arises after conclusion of the contract of assignment;

5.3. 「Writing」 means any form of information that is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference. Where this Law requires a writing to be signed, that requirement is met if, by generally accepted means or a procedure agreed to by the person whose signature is required, the writing identifies that person and indicates that person』s approval of the information contained in the writing;

5.4. 「Notification of the assignment」 means a communication in writing that reasonably identifies the assigned receivables and the assignee;

5.5. 「Insolvency administrator」 means a person or body, including one appointed on an interim basis, authorized in an insolvency proceeding to administer the reorganization or liquidation of the assignor』s assets or affairs;

5.6. 「Insolvency proceeding」 means a collective judicial or administrative proceeding, including an interim proceeding, in which the assets and affairs of the assignor are subject to control or supervision by a court or other competent authority for the purpose of reorganization or liquidation;

5.7. 「Priority」 means the right of a person in preference to the right of another person and, to the extent relevant for such purpose, includes the determination whether the right is a personal or a property right, whether or not it is a security right for indebtedness or other obligation and whether any requirements necessary to render the right effective against a competing claimant have been satisfied;

5.8. A person is located in the state in which it has its place of business. If the assignor or the assignee has a place of business in more than one state, the place of business is that place where the central administration of the assignor or the assignee is exercised. If the debtor has a place of business in more than one state, the place of business is that which has the closest relationship to the original contract. If a person does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to the habitual residence of that person;

5.9. 「Proceeds」 means whatever is received in respect of an assigned receivable, whether in total or partial payment or other satisfaction of the receivable. The term includes whatever is received in respect of proceeds. The term does not include returned goods;

5.10. 「Financial contract」 means any spot, forward, future, option or swap transaction involving interest rates, commodities, currencies, equities, bonds, indices or any other financial instrument, any repurchase or securities lending transaction, and any other transaction similar to any transaction referred to above entered into in financial markets and any combination of the transactions mentioned above;

5.11. 「Netting agreement」 means an agreement between two or more parties that provides for one or more of the following:

5.11.1. The net settlement of payments due in the same currency on the same date whether by novation or otherwise;

5.11.2. Upon the insolvency or other default by a party, the termination of all out-standing transactions at their replacement or fair market values, conversion of such sums into a single currency and netting into a single payment by one party to the other; or

5.11.3. The set-off of amounts calculated as set forth in subparagraph 5.12.1 of this article under two or more netting agreements;

5.12. 「Competing claimant」 means:

5.12.1. Another assignee of the same receivable from the same assignor, including a person who, by operation of law, claims a right in the assigned receivable as a result of its right in other property of the assignor, a creditor of the assignor; or

5.12.2. The insolvency administrator.

5.13. 「Receivable」 means a contractual right to payment of a monetary sum

5.14. 「Trade Receivables」 mean receivables arising from an original contract that is

5.14.1. A contract for the supply or lease of goods or services other than financial services,

5.14.2. A construction contract, or

5.14.3. A contract for the sale or lease of real property;

5.14.4. A contract for the sale, lease or licence of industrial or other intellectual property or of proprietary information;

5.14.5. Representing the payment obligation for a credit card transaction; or

5.14.6. Owed to the assignor upon net settlement of payments due pursuant to a netting agreement involving more than two parties.

5.15. 「Subsequent Assignment」 means an assignment of a receivable by an assignee, including the reassignment to the assignor.

第五條　定義與解釋規則

就本法而言：

5.1　「基礎合同」指出讓人與債務人之間產生所轉讓應收賬款的合同；

5.2　「現有應收賬款」指轉讓合同訂立時或之前產生的應收賬款，「未來應收賬款」指轉讓合同訂立後產生的應收賬款；【注1】

5.3　「書面」指可以被獲取並作為後續參考的任何形式的信息。在本法要求書面簽署的情況下，該書面文件能夠以普遍認可的方式或程序表明必須簽署的人，可確認簽署人身份並表明其認可文件所包含的信息，即被視為滿足前述要求。

5.4　「轉讓通知」指以書面形式明確所轉讓的應收賬款和受讓人的信函；

5.5　「破產管理人」指在破產程序中（包括對於過渡期間）任命的授權管理出讓人資產或事務，進行重組或清算的人或機構；

5.6　「破產程序」指出讓人的資產和事務受法院或其他主管部門控制或監督以進行重組或清算的集體訴訟或行政訴訟程序，包括過渡期程序；

5.7　「優先權」指一個人享有優先他人的權利，在其目的相關範圍內，包括確定該權利是人身權利還是財產權利，確定該權利是否是對債務或其他責任的擔保權，以及確定為對抗競爭求償人以獲得有效權利救濟的任何必要條件是否已經成就；

5.8　一人以其營業地為住所地。若出讓人或受讓人在多個國家有營業地，則出讓人或受讓人的中心機構運營地為其營業地。如果債務人在多個國家有營業地，則與基礎合同關係最密切者為其營業地。若一人沒有營業地，則參考其慣常住所地；

5.9　「實收款項」指就所轉讓的應收賬款實際收到的全額、部分付款或其他清償。該術語包含與實收款項相關的任何所得，但不含退貨；

5.10　「金融合同」指任何涉及利率、商品、貨幣、股票、債券、指數或其他金融工具的現貨、遠期、期貨、期權或掉期交易，回購或證券借貸交易，以及任何與進入金融市場的前述交易或交易組合類似的交易；

5.11　「凈額結算協議」指兩方或多方間就下述一項或多項事項達成的協議：

5.11.1　在同一日期以相同貨幣支付的凈額結算，不論以約務更替或其他方式進行；

5.11.2　在一方破產或其他違約的情況下，以其替代或公允市場價值終止全部未清償交易，將該金額轉換成單一貨幣，由一方一次性支付給另一方；或

5.11.3　將兩項或多項凈額結算協議依據本條第 5.12.1 款所計算出的金額相抵銷；

5.12　「競爭求償人」指：

5.12.1　同一出讓人同一應收賬款的另一受讓人，包括基於其對出讓人其他財產享有權利而因法律實施對已轉讓的應收賬款主張權利的人；出讓人的債權人，或

5.12.2　破產管理人。

5.13　「應收賬款」指支付貨幣金額的合同權利；

5.14　「貿易應收賬款」指由以下基礎合同產生的應收賬款：

5.14.1　供應、租賃貨物或服務合同，金融服務除外，

5.14.2　施工合同，或

5.14.3　出售或出租不動產合同；

5.14.4　工業產權或其他知識產權或專有信息的銷售、租賃或許可合同；

5.14.5　代表信用卡交易的付款義務；或

5.14.6　依據一項涉及兩方以上的凈額協議，出讓人到期應付的結算凈額。

5.15 「後續轉讓」指受讓人對應收賬款的轉讓，包括對出讓人的反轉讓。

Article 6 Party autonomy

The assignor, the assignee and the debtor may derogate from or vary by agreement provisions of this Law relating to their respective rights and obligations. Such an agreement does not

第六條　當事人意思自治

轉讓人、受讓人和債務人可以依據本法有關其權利與義務的規定刪減或者變更協議。該協議不影響任何非協議方的權利。

【注1】「未來應收賬款」指出讓人與受讓人已經簽訂保理協議，但基礎交易尚未履行，未來履行賒銷條件下的交易後將產生的應收賬款。保理協議約定未來應收賬款轉讓，是對出讓人及其債務人設定一項義務，即當後續發生交易後出讓人仍必須將新鮮產生的應收賬款轉讓給受讓人，債務人未來亦必須付款至受讓人指定賬戶。未來應收賬款的預先轉讓是有效的，在下一章中有具體的規定。很多人糾結未來應收賬款可不可以做保理，問題的關鍵是要分清「保理是保理，融資是融資，保理不是融資」，對未來應收賬款可以做保理但不能做融資。

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