OpenCog內置的Atom Types及其作用（參考筆記）

A

• AbsentLink

;缺席關係;which states that either the Variable $x is not a kind-of plant (because the InheritcanceLink is not groundable, has no solution in the atomspace) or that it is (a number) greater than 42.OrLink AbsentLink InheritanceLink VariableNode $x ConceptNode "plant" GreaterThanLink VariableLink $x NumberNode 42

• AfterLink 時間關係 在之後
• AnchorNode

;錨定節點，如在eva/chatbot-eva/semantics.scm中使用(define current-action (AnchorNode "*-action-*"))(define current-imperative (AnchorNode "*-imperative-*"))

• AndLink

;一種邏輯操作連接，用來合併多個truth value,例如AndLink <TV> PredicateNode "tasty" PredicateNode "colorful"

• AnyNode 任何節點 作為一種通配符使用

EvaluationLink <TV> PredicateNode "pair" ListLink AnyNode "*" WordNode "example"

• ArityLink
• ArrowLink
• AssociativeLink
• AsymmetricHebbianLink 非對稱赫布連接

AsymmetricHebbianLink dead rotten

• OpenCogPrime:Atom
• Atom relationships
• AtTimeConceptLink
• AtTimeLink 在那個時間

AtTimeLink X TimeNode: 8:24AM Eastern Standard Time, July 15 2012 AD

• AtTimePredicateLink
• AttractionLink
• AverageLink 一般來說？

AverageLink <TV>

;一般來說年輕、漂亮又不窮的人是有吸引力的。。AverageLink $X ImplicationLink ANDLink EvaluationLink young $X EvaluationLink beautiful $X EvaluationLink NOT EvaluationLink poor $X EvaluationLink attractive $X

B

• BeforeLink 時間在之前
• Behavior tree
• BindLink

用於模式匹配 pattern matcher，比SatisfactitionLink多個Q，Q是可選的操作，如果Q是VariableNode返回匹配結果

形式

BindLink $variable_declarations (optional) P Q

C

• ChoiceLink
• CosenseLink 聯合意義？ 用在語義消歧里
• ComposeLink
• ConceptNode 概念節點
• ContextLink 定義語境

; 在打高爾夫球上，Ben Goertzel很無能ContextLink ConceptNode golf InheritanceLink ObjectNode BenGoertzel ConceptNode incompetent

• CutNode

D

• DefinedPredicateNode

;這主要要理解predicate這個詞 https://www.zhihu.com/question/25404942?sort=created;在術語中可以schema對比理解;從編程角度看：predicate是一個返回TruthValue，schema返回Atom(ReferenceLink (WordNode "up") (DefinedSchema "upwards"))(ReferenceLink (WordNode "look") (DefinedPredicate "Gaze command"))

• DefinedSchemaNode

;從編程角度看：predicate是一個返回TruthValue，schema返回Atom(DefineLink (DefinedSchema "rightwards") (ListLink ;; three numbers: x,y,z (Number 1) ; x is forward (Number -0.5) ; y is right (Number 0) ; z is up ))

• DefinedSetNode
• DefinedTypeNode
• DefineLink
• DeleteLink
• DontExecLink
• DualLink

E

• EqualLink
• EquivalenceLink 相等
• EvaluationLink

用於指定predicate的求值

;比如指定turn-action的句法結構（比如系統要理解turn left,trun up命令） (EvaluationLink (PredicateNode "turn-action") (ListLink (ConceptNode "pred-direction") (ConceptNode "schema-direction")))

• EventualSequentialAND
• EventualSequentialImplication
• ExecutionLink

ExecutionLink提供了一種方式表示函數和它的參數，可以用來執行scheme、python和c++代碼，也可以放在BindLink後面在pattern matching中收集值：

The SatisfactionLink can be used to perform atomspace queries, and dynamic evaluations. Graph re-writing can be done with the BindLink. BindLinks specify "rules" (in the sense of a graph rewrite rule), and apply those rules to the AtomSpace. Each "rule" is an ImplicationLink, given the interpretation "if P then Q", where P and Q are hypergraphs. If the hypergraph P is matched, then the graph Q is instantiated. The graph Q may be any hypergraph; but if Q is an ExecutionLink, then a match results in some program/function being executed. This is a very powerful feature, because generic computation can be performed by the ExecutionLink. This is documented, together with practical examples, in the BindLink page.

• ExecutionOutputLink
• ExistsLink
• ExtensionalEquivalenceLink 外延相等
• ExtensionalImplicationLink 外延意義
• ExtensionalSimilarityLink 外延相近

;美國人肥胖率超高，所以想到美國人就會想到胖子。。。 ExtensionalSimiliarityLink American obese\_person

F

• FalseLink
• FilterLink
• FloatValue
• FoldLink
• ForAllLink
• FreeLink
• FunctionLink
• FuzzyLink

G

• GeneNode
• GetLink
• GlobNode
• GreaterThanLink
• GroundedPredicateNode

EvalutionLink是用於指定predicate的求值，GroundedPredicateNode可以用scheme或python實現求值

; Define some function that does something. This one always; returns a simple truth value of true.(define (compare-stuff a b) (cog-new-stv 1 1)); Now, performn an evaluation:(cog-evaluate! (EvaluationLink (GroundedPredicateNode "scm: compare-stuff") (ListLink (ConceptNode "foo") (ConceptNode "bar")))) (Evaluation (GroundedPredicate "py:foobar") (ListLink (Concept "baz") (Number 42))))

• GroundedSchemaNode

H

• HebbianLink 主要實現關聯

是赫布理論在opencog中的實現，使用HebbianLink兩個atom會有相同的attention value

HebbianLink happy smiling

• HypotheticalLink

I

• IdenticalLink
• ImplicationLink

意義連接

;年輕漂亮意味著有吸引力 "if (young and beautiful) then attractive".ImplicationLink ANDLink ConceptNode young ConceptNode beautiful ConceptNode attractive

在openpsi中指定規則 if (context) and (action is taken) then (goal is fulfilled) 就是用的它

(ImplicationLink <TV> (AndLink (context) (action)) (goal))

用ImplicationLink是可以提高系統的靈活性的這在chatbot_eva的架構文檔中有提到：

Some of thecode violates design-philosophy point A) (below) of not being expressedas rules. Where there are rules, they all have been written asBindLinks, and not ImplicationLinks. This means that they are fragileand not easily chained or searched-for or selected.

• ImplicationScopeLink
• InheritanceLink

分類的關係用InhertitanceLink, x是一種y

Taxonomic is-a relations are done with an InheritanceLink

; Syntactic category of schema. Used for contextual understanding.(InheritanceLink (DefinedSchema "upwards") (ConceptNode "schema-direction"))(InheritanceLink (DefinedSchema "downwards") (ConceptNode "schema-direction"))(InheritanceLink (DefinedSchema "rightwards") (ConceptNode "schema-direction"))(InheritanceLink (DefinedSchema "leftwards") (ConceptNode "schema-direction"))(InheritanceLink (DefinedSchema "forwards") (ConceptNode "schema-direction")

• IntensionalImplicationLink
• IntensionalSimilarityLink 內涵相近

鯊魚和海豚的內涵是相近的都是大型海中哺乳動物

IntensionalSimilarityLink shark dolphin

• IntervalLink
• InverseHebbianLink 反向的HebbianLink

InverseHebbianLink dead breathing

J

• JoinLink

L

• LambdaLink and ScopeLink
• LatestLink
• ListLink 和SetLink一樣作為容器用，不過ListLink有順序，這在指定predicate時很有用

EvaluationLink PredicateNode eat ListLink ConceptNode cat ConceptNode mouse

M

• MapLink
• MemberLink

指定了一種概念內涵關係（數學上集合論中的屬於關係）

MemberLink <0.1> ConceptNode "dinner plate" ConceptNode "things that hold water"

N

• NewNode
• NotLink
• NumberNode

O

• OrderedLink and UnorderedLink
• OrLink

P

• ParallelLink
• PartOfLink
• PlusLink
• PredicateLink Proposal
• PredicateNode
• PredictiveImplicationLink

用於預測性的意義(與時間有關)比如"跳下懸崖的意義等於死"

PredictiveImplicationLink PredicateNode "JumpOffCliff" PredicateNode "Dead"

前面可以加時間，一般形式為：

PredictiveImplicationLink <variable-declaration> <time-interval> <implicant-predicate-body> <implicand-predicate-body>

• PresentLink
• ProcedureNode 過程節點

根據schema和predicate分為

ProcedureNode +PredicateNode +GroundedPredicateNode +DefinedPredicateNode +SchemaNode +GroundedSchemaNode +DefinedSchemaNode

• ProjectLink
• ProtoAtom
• PutLink

Q

• QuantitativePredicate
• QuoteLink 作用和lisp中的quote符號一樣 防止代碼執行 多在模式匹配時使用

R

• RandomChoiceLink
• RandomNumberLink
• ReferenceLink

Word-to-object associations are done with a ReferenceLink

(DefineLink (DefinedSchema "rightwards") (ListLink ;; three numbers: x,y,z (Number 1) ; x is forward (Number -0.5) ; y is right (Number 0) ; z is up )) (ReferenceLink (WordNode "up") (DefinedSchema "upwards"))

S

• SatisfactionLink
• SatisfactionLink and BindLink
• SatisfyingSetLink
• SatisfyingSetScopeLink
• SchemaNode
• ScholemLink
• SequentialAndLink 時間關聯

SequentialANDLink <5 seconds> EvaluationLink JumpOffCliff $X EvaluationLink Dead $X

• SetLink 集合
• SignatureLink
• SimilarityLink
• SimultaneousAndLink
• SleepLink
• SpaceMapNode
• StateLink

;用來設置屬性的，for example;one can associate a "truthiness" of 0.76 with the Concept "foo" by writing(StateLink (ListLink (ConceptNode "foo") (PredicateNode "truthiness")) (NumberNode 0.76))

• SubsetLink 子集
• SymmetricInverseHebbianLink 反向對稱赫布連接

T

• TimeIntervalLink
• TimeNode
• TimesLink
• Template:Tooltip
• TriggerLinks
• TrueLink
• Type checker
• Type constructor
• TypeChoice
• TypeCoInhNode
• TypedAtomLink
• TypedVariableLink 描述變數類型

TypedVariableLink VariableNode $X TypeNode ConceptNode

• OpenCogPrime:TypeInheritance
• TypeInhNode
• TypeNode
• TypeProduct
• TypeSetLink

U

• UniqueLink
• UnquoteLink 去quote

V

• Value 值
• VariableList

;變數列表，主要用於給BindLink和LambdaLink做類型簽名VariableList VariableNode "$A" VariableNode "$B";可以結合 TypedVariableLink 一起使用 VariableList TypedVariableLink VariableNode $F TypeNode "ConceptNode" TypedVariableLink VariableNode $C TypeNode "ConceptNode"

• VariableNode 變數
• Virtual links 虛擬關係 不能一一指定的關係 比如大於 ，分為black-box link from 和 clear-box form

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