跟著女王學英語，聽說讀寫全搞定之二

本篇寫如何應用英語學習方法，對四六級、雅思、托福和GRE考試來說是很優質的材料，對自學英語的人也是能提高聽說讀寫能力的學習材料。

之前寫了半個月英語聽說讀寫的學習，已經把多年經驗濃縮成15篇文章。最後我選擇用英國女王的17年聖誕演講做綜合示例，這也標誌著英語學習方法暫告終結。

本文的各種分析對於已有的方法和資源不再贅述，因此如果遇到想了解更多的部分，建議閱讀相關章節。

女王17年聖誕演講視頻（中英對照字幕）：http://video.sina.com.cn/p/news/w/doc/2017-12-26/103967689515.html

建議在聽第一遍或閱讀本文之前，不要看字幕當成聽力來做，可以關閉顯示屏或者用紙擋住下方，做聽寫效果更佳。誠實聽，不含糖；不看字幕，療效好。

第一部分請見上一篇~

（從1分54秒開始）We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love - of shared stories and memories - which is perhaps why, at this time of year, so

【雅思寫作口語素材】這段用到口語第二部分「描述春節（回家過年習俗）」「描述活動（回家聚會）」「描述家庭」「描述建築（家）」「印象深刻的事（離家很久再回家）」等話題妥妥的。Home還可以替換成Friends、relatives甚至祖國。發音、用詞和語法多地道啊。

【語法分析】We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love - of

shared stories and memories - which is perhaps why, at this time of year, so many return to where they grew up.一個長難句該如何分析和理解？

先把插入語at this time of year, 和 - of shared stories and memories -去除。句子變成We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love which is perhaps why so many return to where they grew up.

分析嵌套的從句1：This（which）is perhaps why so many return to 前面是主句，後面是where引導的賓語從句，表地點where they grew up.

分析嵌套的從句2：This（which）is perhaps 前面是主句，後面是why引導的名詞性從句，表原因why so many return home（to where they grew up）.

再來分析從句：We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love 前面是主句，後面是which引導的定語從句，修飾整個句子 which is perhaps why so many return to where they grew up.

所以整個句子主幹可以變成我們熟悉的樣子：Our homes are places of warmth, familiarity and love, so we return home.注意這句里的so是引導原因狀語從句的連詞，而原句中的so是so many的一部分，不承擔語法結構上連詞的角色，而是作為副詞修飾many，表示「很、非常」。

分析長難句，先把插入語和不影響理解的修飾部分忽略不看；再把引導從句的引導詞找到，從而定位主句；如果有看不出來對誰嵌套的從句，就按順序一層層地來剝析出從句是主句的哪個語法成分。

【to的使用】There is a timeless simplicity to the pull of home.這句結構簡單，但我理解的時候還是覺得好難。首先，simplicity的搭配是of，怎麼會用to呢？查了字典，to做介詞有14個義項（詳情參閱http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/to ），其中我認為比較合理的解釋，是to可以表原因，即used to indicate the thing that causes something to happen，例句她母親因癌症過世She lost her mother to cancer. [=her mother died of cancer]。

這樣的話，句子可以轉化成there is a timeless simple reason for the pull of home 或者 Home attracts people because of a simple and timeless reason.翻譯成中文就是家有很強的吸引力的原因很簡單卻亘古不變。這個簡單的原因就是上一句：家有回憶和愛，所以人們原意回家。

【篇章邏輯】最後一句是引起下一段，同時承接了上文，把話題從個人小家庭轉向城市——人類社會大家庭。

下面幾段講了女王去醫院慰問受傷的小朋友和父母，主題是讚揚鼓勵民眾。句子不難理解，語言點有in the face of、had the privilege of 、an example to us和bravery and resilience，也很簡單。

This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through over the past 12 months, in the face of appalling （令人震驚的）attacks. In Manchester, those targeted included children who had gone to see their favourite singer.

A few days after the bombing, I had the privilege （有幸）of meeting some of the young survivors and their parents.

I described that hospital visit as a privilege because the patients I met were an example to us all, showing extraordinary bravery and resilience （韌勁，適應能力）. Indeed, many of those who survived the attack came together just days later for a benefit concert. It was a powerful reclaiming of the ground and of the city those young people call