同義替換全解第二彈：閱讀（2）

同義替換是雅思考試的核心技能，能夠熟練運用同義替換的同學往往能拿到高分。在聽力和閱讀中，我們通過同義替換來提高解題效率，在口語和寫作中，我們通過同義替換展示表達的多樣化和辭彙的豐富度。為幫助大家培養這項技能，雷哥網的Tracy老師將長期為大家解讀如何運用同義替換去解雅思聽力和閱讀題。

由於講解主要是通過解劍橋雅思真題進行的，所以建議同學們可以先做一下每次會講解到的文章，再來看本文的解析。

牢記：三種主要的同義替換形式：同義詞替換、概括型替換（題干為細節，原文為概括總結）和解釋型替換（題干為概括總結，原文為細節）。

IELTS 11 Test 1 Reading Paragraph 1

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

8. Methods for predicting the Earths population have recently changed.

定位：predicting ，Earths population

原文：Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then.

分析：定位信息中沒有提到預測的方法，只說將保守的估計運用到現在的人口趨勢里，即原文中沒有提到題干某個部分的信息，因此判定為NG

要點：同義詞替換predict→estimate；Earth』s population→human population

9. Human beings are responsible for some of the destruction to food-producing land.

定位：Human beings，destruction，food-producing land

原文：At present, throughout the world, over 80% of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use. Historically some 15% of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.

分析：只有人才能進行管理，因而「糟糕的管理」對應的是「人」， 「15%」對應的是「部分生產食物的土地」，「荒蕪」對應的是「破壞」，題乾和原文信息完成同義替換，判定為T

要點：解釋型替換food-producing land→the land that is suitable for raising crops；

Some→15%；destruction→be laid waste；

Human beings→management practices

10. The crops produced in vertical farms will depend on the season.

定位：crops，vertical farms，season

原文：If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.

分析：題干中，垂直農業的作物生產與季節形成了依賴關係，原文中，垂直農業可以全年生產作物，即垂直農業的作物生產與季節沒有關係，題干描述的關係與原文矛盾，判定為F

要點：原文沒有提到season，但從year-round可知，作物生產與季節無關

11. Some damage to food crops is caused by climate change.

定位：damage，food crops，climate change

原文：However，more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens. Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year, destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

分析：題干中的「損害、作物、氣候變化」均在原文中有對應的信息，且表述的作物損壞與氣候變化的關係成立，判定為T

要點：同義詞替換damage→destroy

解釋型替換climate change→changing climate /Massive floods, long droughts, hurricanes and severe monsoons

12. Fertilisers will be needed for certain crops in vertical farms.

定位：Fertilisers，certain crops，vertical farms

原文：The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system...All the food could be grown organically, eliminating the need for herbicides, pesticides and fertilisers

分析：題干中垂直農業和化肥的關係是「需要」，原文中垂直農業的作物可以有機生長，減少了對化肥的需求，即「不需要」，因此，題干描述的關係與原文矛盾，判定為F

要點：同義詞替換crops→food

13. Vertical farming will make plants less likely to be affected by infectious diseases.

定位：Vertical farming，plants，infectious diseases

原文：The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system... The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface.

分析：題干中的垂直農業和傳染疾病在原文中是原詞出現，且兩者關係描述一致，題干中，垂直農業不太可能被傳染病影響，原文中，垂直農業大大減少傳染病的發生，判定為T

要點：本題的替換比較特別，是表達方式的轉變，即換了種說法，但很容易推理出來，既然垂直農業能大大減少傳染病的發生，那自然很少受傳染病的影響。

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