聽說讀寫：學英語就用女王演講（全總結）

學習英語哪家強，英國女王來幫忙~

本篇寫如何應用英語學習方法，女王演講的發音優雅、用詞精準、語法多樣又簡潔，對四六級、雅思、托福和GRE考試來說是很優質的材料，對自學英語的人也是能提高聽說讀寫能力的學習材料。建議在聽第一遍或閱讀本文之前，不要看字幕當成聽力來做，可以關閉顯示屏或者用紙擋住下方，做聽寫效果更佳。誠實聽，不含糖；不看字幕，療效好。

女王17年聖誕演講視頻（中英對照字幕）：https://v.qq.com/x/page/g0524os3rap.html

Sixty years ago today, a young woman spoke about the speed of technological change as she presented the first television broadcast of its kind. She described the moment as a landmark.

【Sixty years ago today】六十年前的今天，這個today用在這裡你想到了么？

【發音——停頓和重讀】第一句是as引導的時間狀語從句，主句在前從句在後，停頓用//表示，重讀用加粗表示：Sixty years ago today, a young woman // spoke about the speed of technological change //as she presented the first television broadcast of its kind.

注意從句和主句之間有停頓，停頓在引導從句的連接詞前，連接詞as被弱讀；主句的主語和動詞之間有停頓，這是出於節奏的考慮，兩個停頓之間的時長要基本相等。

重讀單詞的重讀音節發音應當飽滿充分，尤其是重讀音節里的母音（例如spoke的o、change的a和first的ir），意思就是口型做到位、比別的時間長，但不要過於誇張，會造成戲劇效果或者變成滑稽的模仿。

QUEEN (in archival footage): Television has made it possible for many of you to see me in your homes on Christmas Day. My own family often gather round to watch television, as they are at this moment. And that is how I imagine you now.

【發音——八卦】之前看過研究，不僅是英國民眾的英音，女王的Received Pronunciation也是隨著時間有所改變的。看看60年前的語音和現在的對比，能感覺到有哪些變化呢？不過女王的優雅和君王氣度一如往昔。這份優雅淡定，除了舉止和閱歷之外，還通過穩定、較為緩慢的語速以及平和不驚的語調體現出來。

【發音——連讀】as they are at this moment 第一個詞詞尾遇到第二個詞詞頭要失去爆破，s只保留口型不送氣，快速過渡到th的音；然後they are 連讀，微微停頓。at的a和前面的r有弱讀或連讀、t遇到the失去爆破，整體上at應快速完成r-a-the的滑動。

這部分的讀音有點微妙，可以多聽幾遍，慢慢琢磨；或者至少能記住模糊的音，在聽力能夠辨析清楚。留個小題目：試著判斷一下gather round to watch television 的發音技巧有哪些？

Six decades on, the presenter has evolved somewhat, as has the technology she described. Back then, who could have imagined that people would one day be watching this on laptops and mobile phones, as some of you are today?

【寫作——呼應】Six decades on需要與前面第一段開頭的Sixty years ago today六十年前的今天聯繫起來，使用了同意替換，相似構成在內容有呼應對比，同時排比的句式和Six-頭韻法聽起來有節奏韻律美。類似用法還有technology和 describe。

But Im also struck by something that hasnt changed - that whatever the technology, many of you will be watching this at home.

【寫作——對比】前文中的科技變化：從廣播進化到電視，又進化到移動端。但不變的是人類永恆的主題和心的歸宿——家，自然引出主題。

聯繫上面兩段，evolve VS not changed；technology（physical） VS home （mental），用意義上的對比，即時光流逝家庭永恆引出主題，同時用短語並列呼應前面，句式上也富於變化，用問句引起思考，主題部分使用一個名詞性從句嵌套，在從句部分將核心信息傳遞出來，相比起用Im also struck that whatever the technology many of you will be watching this at home hasnt changed ，重心後置更加簡潔有力。

（1分54秒）We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love - of shared stories and memories - which is perhaps why, at this time of year, so many return to where they grew up. There is a timeless simplicity to the pull of home. For many, the idea of home reaches beyond a physical building, to a home town or city.

【雅思備考寫作口語素材】這段用到口語第二部分"描述春節（回家過年習俗）""描述活動（回家聚會）""描述家庭""描述建築（家）""印象深刻的事（離家很久再回家）"等話題妥妥的。Home還可以替換成Friends、relatives甚至祖國。發音、用詞和語法多地道啊。

【語法——長難句】We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love - of shared stories and memories - which is perhaps why, at this time of year, so many return to where they grew up.一個長難句該如何分析和理解？

先把插入語at this time of year, 和 - of shared stories and memories -去除。句子變成We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love which is perhaps why so many return to where they grew up.

分析嵌套的從句1：This（which）is perhaps why so many return to 前面是主句，後面是where引導的賓語從句，表地點where they grew up.

分析嵌套的從句2：This（which）is perhaps 前面是主句，後面是why引導的名詞性從句，表原因why so many return home（to where they grew up）.

再來分析從句：We think of our homes as places of warmth, familiarity and love 前面是主句，後面是which引導的定語從句，修飾整個句子 which is perhaps why so many return to where they grew up.

所以整個句子主幹可以變成我們熟悉的樣子：Our homes are places of warmth, familiarity and love, so we return home.注意這句里的so是引導原因狀語從句的連詞，而原句中的so是so many的一部分，不承擔語法結構上連詞的角色，而是作為副詞修飾many，表示"很、非常"。

分析長難句，先把插入語和不影響理解的修飾部分忽略不看；再把引導從句的引導詞找到，從而定位主句；如果有看不出來對誰嵌套的從句，就按順序一層層地來剝析出從句是主句的哪個語法成分。

【語法——to的使用】There is a timeless simplicity to the pull of home.這句結構簡單，但我理解的時候還是覺得好難。首先，simplicity的搭配是of，怎麼會用to呢？查了字典，to做介詞有14個義項（詳情參閱 ），其中我認為比較合理的解釋，是to可以表原因，即used to indicate the thing that causes something to happen，例句她母親因癌症過世She lost her mother to cancer. [=her mother died of cancer]。

這樣的話，句子可以轉化成there is a timeless simple reason for the pull of home 或者 Home attracts people because of a simple and timeless reason.翻譯成中文就是家有很強的吸引力的原因很簡單卻亘古不變。這個簡單的原因就是上一句：家有回憶和愛，所以人們原意回家。

（2分12秒）For many, the idea of "home" reaches beyond a physical building to a home town or city. This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through over the past twelve months in the face of appalling attacks.

【寫作——銜接】For many, the idea of "home" reaches beyond a physical building to a home town or city. 上文講的是人們回家這個主題，這句話將概念從具象的樓房、血緣家庭擴展到家鄉和城鎮，接下來就是主要描述後者的內容了。

the idea of A reaches beyond a physical XX to XXX（可以直譯為A的概念不僅包含XX還包含XXX）在句式上也是一個點睛之筆，可以靈活應用於抽象概念的討論，比如親情不僅僅是血緣紐帶更是照顧日常起居和關心愛護；中國人愛國不僅是國籍認同更包括對中華民族的熱愛，等等。

【發音——重讀】這句話里，home前後出現了兩次，有一個小小的對比，因此在語音層面，女王將第一個home 是句子重讀，因為它是句子主幹的核心；第二個home位於to引導的賓語部分，雖然也是句子重讀，但要比第一個輕快一些，強調程度沒有第一個重。

【語法——through】powerful identities shone through over the past twelve months裡面的through是介詞么？查了下《牛津搭配詞典》，並沒有shine through的搭配。因此through在這裡是副詞，表示一個活動、一段時間或一個情景的從頭到尾from the beginning to the end of an activity, a situation or a period of time，例句1 The children are too young to sit through a concert. 孩子們還小，無法堅持聽完音樂會；例句2 He will not live through the night. 他活不過今晚。例句3 Im halfway through (= reading) her second novel. 我把她第二部小說讀了一半。

此外，through 還有幾個有意思的用法：

Her knees had gone through (= made holes in) her jeans. 褲子膝蓋處磨破了；The sand ran through (= between) my fingers. 沙子從指間落下；這兩個句子里，though作from one end or side of something/somebody to the other。

He drove through a red light (= passed it when he should have stopped). 他開車闖紅燈；Id never have got through it all (= a difficult situation) without you. 要是沒有你，我一定挺不過去。這兩句里through作past a barrier, stage or test。

It was through him (= as a result of his help) that I got the job. 就是因為他的幫忙我才找到工作。Through作by means of; because of。

【發音——停頓】This Christmas, I think of London and Manchester, whose powerful identities shone through // over the past twelve months // in the face of appalling attacks. 這句話的停頓//充分體現了按意群劃分的特點，在這句里就是按照句子成分走的。同時，為什麼在講到through的意義時先查搭配，只查shine through 卻不查shine over？因為句子停頓已經充分說明shine 和over 分屬兩個意群。假設是同一個動詞片語的動詞和介詞，是不會有這麼大的停頓的。

In Manchester, those targeted included children who had gone to see their favorite singer. A few days after the bombing, I had the privilege of meeting some of the young survivors and their parents.

【語法——the+adj】those targeted直譯是被恐怖分子當做目標的人們，可以翻譯為受害者。 "the + 形容詞"可以表示一類人，在同義替換的時候特別好用，比如the elderly老年人、the disabled殘疾人、the vulnerable弱勢群體、容易受到傷害的人（通常指小孩婦女）等等。

【寫作——pathos】古希臘修辭學認為合格的演講（或者寫作）必須具備ethos, pathos和 logos三個要素。Ethos是指可信度，也就是說演講者或是作者必須要讓自己顯得可信。Pathos指的是情感，也就是說作者或是演講者通過煽動受眾情緒來達到演講的目的。Logos和pathos相對，指的是利用完全的邏輯來說服聽眾。

小孩、偶像的演唱會 VS 恐怖襲擊、目標 ，弱小純真與強大邪惡的對比躍然紙上，聽眾的憐憫同情和憤怒一起上涌，不得不說 pathos的運用很成功。

【寫作——同義替換】英語語言與中文的不同點之一就是英文使用豐富多樣的形式，從各種角度描述同一個概念，比如those targeted = children = the young survivors。

（3分18秒）I describe that hospital visit as a "privilege" because the patients I met were an example to us all, showing extraordinary bravery and resilience. Indeed, many of those who survived the attack came together just days later for a benefit concert. It was a powerful reclaiming of the ground, and of the city those young people call home.

【語法——非謂語動詞】the patients I met were an example to us all, showing extraordinary bravery and resilience.

showing 部分是現在分詞做非謂語，修飾的是句子的主語parents 而不是離它最近的us all。還原成句子應該是The patients who (the patients) show extraordinary bravery and resilience were an example to us all. 或者Because the patients showed extraordinary bravery and resilience, they (the patients) were an example to us all.

【辭彙——resilience】 resilience 是抽象名詞，不可數，意思是The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness. 從艱難困境中快速復原的能力；The ability of a substance or object to spring back into shape; elasticity.物質或物體恢復形狀和彈性的特性。常見搭配是：resilience noun

ADJ. great, remarkable | natural

VERB + RESILIENCE have | demonstrate, show

PREP. ~ to She has shown great resilience to stress.

PHRASES strength and resilience

【寫作——呼應】結尾It was a powerful reclaiming of the ground, and of the city those young people call home. 將本段主人公的young people 和本篇主題home（家園、城鎮）再次聯繫，強調對於攻擊家園之人的堅強對抗、對於家園的守護和不可失去。

We expect our homes to be a place of safety — "sanctuary" even — which makes it all the more shocking when the comfort they provide is shattered. A few weeks ago, The Prince of Wales visited the Caribbean in the aftermath of hurricanes that destroyed entire communities. And here in London, who can forget the sheer awfulness of the Grenfell Tower fire?

【寫作——對比】如果說上一段的attack是人禍，那麼這一段講的是天災：颶風 hurricane 和火災fire。段首句將災難與家園聯繫在一起，即家園提供安全，不可抗拒的天災讓我們失去家園，家園覆滅的痛苦更深。

Our thoughts and prayers are with all those who died and those who lost so much; and we are indebted to members of the emergency services who risked their own lives, this past year, saving others. Many of them, of course, will not be at home today because they are working, to protect us.

【寫作——銜接】仔細分析承接：段首句的前半句附和上文的受災和受害者遭遇天災人禍、失去家園的痛苦，以"我們（的思念和祈禱）"為連接，在下半句提起新內容emergency services 緊急救護人員。在第二句將emergency services與家庭聯繫：在節日團聚卻不能回小家，因為在保護大家。

【辭彙——indebted】 indebted 形容詞，意思是Owing gratitude for a service or favour. 感激的。常用搭配be indebted to sb for sth，例句I am indebted to her for her help in indexing my book.。

【辭彙——risk】risk可以做名詞"風險"，也可以做動詞"冒險"，作動詞時是及物動詞。後面一定要跟名詞或者非謂語充當賓語成分。例句he risked his life to save his dog. 和coal producers must sharpen up or risk losing half their business.

Risk還有一個衍生義： Incur the chance of unfortunate consequences by engaging in (an action) 由於參與（行動）而產生不幸後果的可能性。例句Shelley was far too intelligent to risk attempting to deceive him. 雪萊很聰明，（我們）不能冒險欺騙他。

Reflecting on these events makes me grateful for the blessings of home and family, and in particular for 70 years of marriage. I dont know that anyone had invented the term "platinum" for a 70th wedding anniversary when I was born. You werent expected to be around that long. Even Prince Philip has decided its time to slow down a little — having, as he economically put it, "done his bit".

But I know his support and unique sense of humor will remain as strong as ever, as we enjoy spending time this Christmas with our family and look forward to welcoming new members into it next year.

【語法——賓語並列】第一句用非謂語+make sb ad j句式，grateful for 後面跟了兩個賓語：grateful for the blessings of home and family, and for 70 years of marriage in particular. 注意兩個賓語並列的情況，需要將介詞寫兩遍，每個賓語前都要有。如果是兩個從句並列做賓語（即使用賓語從句），那麼引導第二個賓語從句的連詞that不可省去。

【寫作——銜接】首句整個句子的重點在grateful，用第一個賓語來承接上文"blessings of home and family守護家庭"，第二個賓語用於開啟下文"marriage婚姻"。用一個簡單句，in particular 突出重點在後，過渡簡潔有力。

【辭彙——anniversary】請閱讀下面的文字後嘗試造句：2018年11月20日，女王慶祝結婚71周年。

從構詞法來看，annus 代表年year + versus代表回 turning，因此：

Anniversary, noun, a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event 名詞，重要或特殊活動的周年、紀念日。

1 of an important event 重要活動

ADJ. first, second, etc. 一周年，兩周年

VERB + ANNIVERSARY celebrate, commemorate, mark They held celebrations to mark the anniversary of Mozarts death. 紀念X周年

ANNIVERSARY + VERB be, fall The anniversary of the founding of the charity falls on 12th November. 周年活動在（日期）舉辦

PREP. on an/the ~ on the 20th anniversary of his death在X周年活動上

2 of a wedding 結婚紀念日

ADJ. first, second, etc. | wedding

VERB + ANNIVERSARY celebrate 慶祝結婚紀念日

PREP. on sbs ~ He bought her a diamond ring on their tenth wedding anniversary.

PHRASES a diamond, golden, silver, etc. wedding anniversary 鑽石婚、金婚、銀婚

【常見搭配——as sb puts it】這是一個很地道的表達，後面接一個逗號再接原話（也就是直接引語）as作連詞，put 是動詞，要根據sb進行主謂一致的形態變化，it指代後面的直接引語。那麼，為什麼原文是"as he put it"？原文當中he做主語，一般現在時要改成puts，但句子整體是過去時態，所以put的過去式還是put。

In 2018 I will open my home to a different type of family: the leaders of the fifty-two nations of the Commonwealth, as they gather in the UK for a summit. The Commonwealth has an inspiring way of bringing people together, be it through the Commonwealth Games — which begin in a few months time on Australias Gold Coast — or through bodies like the Commonwealth Youth Orchestra & Choir: a reminder of how truly vibrant this international family is.

2018年，我將敞開家門迎接一群特殊的家人：52個聯邦國的首腦將前來英國參加峰會。英聯邦總是以一種鼓舞人心的方式將人們聚在一起，無論是像幾個月後將在澳大利亞黃金海岸舉行的聯邦國運動會，還是像英聯邦青年管弦樂團和合唱團這樣的團體，這些都提醒著我們，這個國際大家庭是多麼具有生機與活力。

【語法——be it無論】句中的be it是一種表示讓步的虛擬倒裝結構，由be 引起的倒裝句表示讓步，be it = whether it + be = no matter if/whether的具體時態形式 相當於一個讓步狀語從句。Be it 句式帶有虛擬語氣的結構特點，即 be 用原形，但表示的不是假設，而是語氣的加強。主語可以是it，也可以是其他人稱。它既可位於句首，也可位於句末或穿插句中。這是一種現在使用頻率較低且略帶文學意味的習慣用法，出現於正式的書面語中。

更多例句：

勸大齡單身可以這樣說：你要想結婚別太挑，抓住遇到的每一個，管他是窮是挫。

You should not nitpick potential men on the first acquaintance, be he poor or ugly.

大齡單身反駁可以這樣說：結婚了也可能離婚，別管老公是丑是帥。

Spouses may still end up with divorce, be husband ugly or handsome.

Today we celebrate Christmas, which itself is sometimes described as a festival of the home. Families travel long distances to be together. Volunteers and charities, as well as many churches, arrange meals for the homeless and those who would otherwise be alone on Christmas Day.

We remember the birth of Jesus Christ whose only sanctuary was a stable in Bethlehem. He knew rejection, hardship and persecution; and yet it is Jesus Christs generous love and example which has inspired me through good times and bad.

【寫作——句式和例證】句中rejection, hardship and persecution 三個抽象名詞並列，程度逐漸加深。

He knew rejection, hardship and persecution. 他遭受過排擠，經歷過苦難與迫害。這句話用逗號分隔，前後兩部分對仗工整：音節數相同，重音節奏也相似，兩部分都以母音開頭he和Har、輔音結尾-tion。

inspired me through good times and bad.激勵著我走過人生的起起落落。一句很經典的常見搭配，可以背下來。其他例子有查爾斯狄更斯的小說《艱難歲月Hard times》，還有《雙城記》的著名開頭：It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. 這是最壞的時代，也是最好的時代。

Whatever your own experiences this year; wherever and however you are watching, I wish you a peaceful and very happy Christmas.

【讓步狀語從句】whatever= no matter what；wherever=no matter where，however不是錶轉折的"但是"，是no matter how；表示"不論、儘管"。不論今年經歷如何，不論身處何方，不論用什麼方法觀看。