MS和MEng有什麼區別 | Terminal Degree | 美國學位雜談
學位雜談
美國的學位分類很細,各種名字讓人看的眼花繚亂。拿碩士舉例,除了常規的MA和MS,還有像MFA, MEd, MEng, MSW, MArch這樣的學位,今天拿出來和大家分享一下。
Providence, RI where Brown and RISD locate
引入一個概念,Terminal Degree,我們暫時管它叫做終極學位,這個概念主要應用於美國,在國內很少被談起。一般來講,Terminal Degree指的是某一領域授予的最高學位,一般來講,博士學位被廣泛認可為終極學位。但是也有一些例外,比如MFA是最典型的Master終極學位,在藝術創作領域,MFA是最高級的學位,並不存在DFA這樣的學位。還有一類,就是像MEd,MEng這樣的學位,也可以稱作終極學位,可以歸納為不以繼續博士學術研究為目的的職業導向碩士,在專業領域就是最高學位了。有個特別的是,MBA也普遍認為是Terminal Degree,職業為導向,類似MD, JD,而DBA的話更多的就是理論學術研究了。
舉例,MS in Computer Engineering和MEng in Computer Engineering
都是Computer Engineering碩士,通常來講,MS對於想將來攻讀博士的學生更為合適,MEng對於想直接進入職場的學生更為合適,算是工程類的Terminal Degree,不以科研為目的。在後續申請博士的時候,對於碩士水平研究的認可程度還是看課程設置的,這在不同學校也有不同的自我設定。比如,Boston University的Engineering Department同時開設這兩個學位,而且都有著同樣的描述:
Texa A&M的Engineering 也同時開設這兩個學位,但是有著明確的不同的描述:
在美國,本科畢業是可以直接申請博士的,當然了,科研能力得到位,讀個碩士來過渡也是正常的。另外,如果本科畢業直接申請了博士,讀了一半又覺得不想讀了,是可以申請拿碩士學位離開的,當然了,是要滿足碩士的畢業要求的。
常見職業類學位
Business:
Accountant (MAcc, MAcy, MSAcy)
Business Manager (MBA)
Design:
Architect (B.Arch, M.Arch, D.Arch)
Architectural Engineer (B.A.E, M.A.E)
Landscape Architect (BLArch)
Urban Planning (MPLAN, MCRP, MUP, MCP, MCD, MURP)
Education:
BEd, BA, BME, BSE, BSocSc, BSc
Engineer:
BE, BEng, MEng, BSE, BScEng, BASc
Healthcare:
Acupuncturist (MAcOM, DAcOM)
Advanced Practice Nurse (DNP, DNAP, DNS, DNSc)
Audiologist (MS, AuD)
Health Administrator (MHA)
Mental Health Counselor (MA, MSc, PhD)
Dentist (DMD, BDent, DDS, BDS, BDSc, BChD, CD, Cand.Odont., Dr.Med.Dent.)
Midwife (BMid, BScMid)
Nurse (BSN, BSc)
Occupational Therapist (OTD, DrOT, MSOT, MA, MOT)
Optometrist (OD, B.Optom)
Pharmacist (BPharm, BScPhm, PharmB, MPharm, PharmD)
Physical Therapist (DPT, DPhysio, MPT, MSPT, MPhysio, BSPT, BPT, BPhysio)
Physician or Surgeon (M.D., D.O., MBBS, MDCM, MBChB, BMed, Dr.Med, Dr.MuD, Cand.med).
Physician Assistant (MPAS, MPS, MS, PGDip)
Podiatrist (DPM, DP, PodD, BPod, PodB)
Psychologist (PhD, PsyD, ClinPsyD or EdS)
Radiation Therapist (BSc, BRad)
Radiographer (BSc, BMRSc, BRad)
Scientist (BSc, BS)
Social Worker (BSW, BA, BSc)
Speech and Language Therapist (MA, MS)
Veterinarian (DVM, VMD, BVS, BVSc, BVMS)
Lawyer: LL.B., J.D.
Minister: MDiv
職業類高級學位
Education:
MEd, MAT, MT, EdS
Engineering:
MEng, MASc, MMSc, PD
Healthcare:
Acupuncture (DAcOM)
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN: CRNA, NP, CNM, CNS) (DNP, DNAP, DNS, DNSc)
Biotechnology (ALM)
Dental Science (DDSc, Dr.Odont)
Dentistry (MDS, MSD, MDSc, or DClinDent)
Medicine (MD)
Midwifery (MMid, MScMid)
Surgery (MS, MSurg, MCh, ChM, or MChir)
Psychology (PsyD)
Social Science (PhD, DPhil)
Social Work (MSW, DSW, ProfD or PhD)
Lawyer: LLM, SJD, PhD
Ministry: DMin
Public Policy: MPP
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