英文中的比較表達

英文中的比較表達是個難點，給很多同學造成了困難。今天陳老師試著將它捋一捋。如果文章對你有用麻煩點個贊，沒用的話也不要怪我，再搜搜別人的文章看看，謝謝。

英文中的比較表達

一、倍數比較

因為中最常見的倍數表達結構如下：

1.「… times +as + 形容詞 / 副詞的原級＋ as …」或

「… times ＋形容詞 / 副詞的比較級＋ than …」

2.「… times + the + 名詞（如： size， height， weight， length， width, age等）＋ of …」

看著很複雜，實際上捋一捋就很清楚了，首先列出比較主體A，接著給出倍數，這兩者是恆定的。下一步就是比較的內容了，通常是比大小、比身高、比重量等。而英文中與大小、身高、重量等相關有兩類詞——修飾詞（形容詞/副詞）與名詞。例如對於比較大小，不同的人腦中的第一反應是不同的，有的人第一反應是更直觀的形容詞big(bigger)/small(smaller)等，而有的人第一反應則是名詞「尺寸」「size」。所以英文中最常見的比較表達就有上述兩種了。

如果比較內容是名詞性的，則結構較為單一：

（主體A+be+倍數）+（the size/height/weight of主體B）

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的體積是月球的 49 倍。

This river is three times the depth of that one. 這條河的深度是那條河的3倍。

This street is four times the length of that street. 這條街的長度是那條街的4倍。

如果比較內容是形容詞性或副詞性，則結構較相對複雜些，有的時候使用原級，有的時候使用比較級：

（主體A+be+倍數）+as/一樣.... as/和主體B

（主體A+be+倍數）+more/更....than/比主體B

但無論此時使用原級或比較級，表達的含義是一樣的：

亞洲的面積是歐洲的四倍。

Asia is four times as large as Europe.

Asia is four times larger than Europe.

看似很矛盾，實則不然。背後的原因是：用as large as的人是將亞洲面積與乘以4以後的歐洲面積作比較，兩者相同，所以使用原級；用larger than的人把是乘以4以前的亞洲與歐洲的面積作比較，兩者有差異，所以使用比較級，視角不同而已。想一想，老外的數學這麼差，怎麼會自己繞自己呢？他們早就把倍數放在最前面了，所以：

1.A is 3 times as long as B.

2.A is 3 times longer than B.

3.A is 3 times the length of B.

意思都一樣：A是B的三倍長。

其它倍數表達的結構大抵都可以用這種方式去理解，例如比較名詞數量常用的結構：

「… times +as many/much＋名詞＋as …」與

「… times + more+名詞＋than …」兩種結構表達的意思也是一樣的。例如:

He earns five times as much money as he did ten years ago.

He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago.

他現在掙的錢是十年前的五倍。

二、百分數比較

如果用分數、百分數比較，則兩個比較主體不容易在人腦中達到「平衡」，所以通常不使用原級而使用比較級：

The box is one-third bigger than that one.

這個盒子比那個盒子大三分之一。

Last year the output value of industry was 59 percent higher than that of 1976.

去年工業產值比 1976 年增長了 59 ％。

需要注意的是，整數百分數也是百分數，使用它表達倍數的邏輯和其它百分數一樣，總體來說和中文的邏輯很接近，與英文倍數表達的邏輯不同：

A is 300% longer than B.

A比B長百分之三百。

把英文中文完全對應，再拿倍數去換算就不容易錯了，即A是B的4倍長。

總結：

理解英文中的比較表達需要先理清英文的兩組結構：

英文的同級結構是as adj/adv+as....，比較級結構是more...than...，這個結構我相信很多讀者已經掌握：

The tree is as tall as the building．

The tree is taller than the building．

He earns as much money as he did ten years ago.

He earns more money than he did ten years ago.

再結合倍數：

The tree is twice/three times as tall as the building．

The tree is twice/three times taller than the building．

He earns five times as much money as he did ten years ago.

He earns more five times much money than he did ten years ago.

現在再看，是不是很簡單呢？所以寫比較表達的時候，不妨先寫出簡單的比較結構，再加上倍數或者百分數即可。最後需要注意，倍數表達需要用英語思維理解（只看倍數，無需計算），百分數表達則可用中式思維直接遷移（需要真的來算一下）。

如果做選擇題的話，則需要轉換下思路，先倍數，再簡單結構，例如：

（ 2002 上海春） Americans eat ________ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice

B. as twice as many

C. twice as many as

D. more than twice as many

思路：先倍數twice，再找出as....as結構，題干後一個as已經有了，故選D。

It』s your turn now:

1. （ 1998 上海） Paper produced every year is _______ the worlds production of vehicles.

A. the three weight of

B. three times the weight of

C. as three times heavy as

D. three times as heavy as

2. （ 1994 上海） With the help of the German experts, the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before.

A. as twice many

B. as many twice

C. twice as many

D. twice many as

3. （ MET 1992 ） This ship measures ________ that one.

A. as twice as long

B. as twice long as

C. twice long as

D. twice as long as

4. （ MET 1990 ） After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _______ tractors in 1988 as the year before.

A. as twice many

B. as many as

C. as twice as many

D. twice as many

5. The house rent is expensive, I』ve got about half the space I had at home and I』m paying ________ here. (上海卷)

A. as three times much

B. as much three times

C. much as three times

D. three times as much

Key： 1 － 5BCDDD