托福高失分率考題盤點-口語篇

1

高失誤率話題盤點之Task 1

真題示範1：

Which period do you think is the most challenging: childhood, teenager or adulthood? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

題目分析：

本題屬於觀點類題目，並且是目前的主流題目類型之一的三選一題目。要求考生結合經驗或例子來選出其中的一個選項並通過因果論證等方式解釋自己的答案。

易失誤點分析：

→作為現在比較主流的題型之一，三選一的題目的易失分點在於考生們只討論了自己選擇的選項，忽略了另外兩個選項。並沒有在答案中討論另外為什麼不選兩個選項。而比較符合邏輯且更有說服力的答案往往是通過對比另外兩個選項來突出自己選擇的選項的原因，使條理更清晰，答案更易懂。

→ 就本題而言，這個話題有些抽象，考生對於在有限的時間之內想到具體哪個階段更有挑戰性感到吃力。並且考生們的答案有時太抽象，難以理解，說服力低。

Sample answer:

I definitely believe that adulthood is the most challenging period. As an adult who has been through childhood and teenager, I firmly believe that adults are under more pressure than children and teenagers. Specifically, adults have to face the cruel and fierce competition at workplace, so they have no choice but to support themselves or even support the whole family through hard work. However, most children and teenagers are far away from such heavy stress. Rather, they are the people who are financially supported with care by their parents. Another reason I』d like to emphasize is that when an adult makes something wrong, the society tends to show little tolerance to the mistake or misconduct, which means that people take more serious standard to evaluate an adult than they do to a child or a teenager. To put it another way, adults have no excuses to do anything wrong, which indeed is challenging and tough.

答案分析：

答案通過對比童年和青少年的壓力小，以及評判標準的嚴厲程度小，來突出成年人的挑戰更大。而本題也並沒泛泛而談壓力這個抽象的概念，而是舉了絕大多數成年人謀生和養家的壓力作為例子來說明面臨的挑戰之大。另一方面，通過說明社會對於兒童與青少年的寬容相比，對成年人的要求更嚴苛，來證明成年人的挑戰之艱巨。這樣一來，答題者所選擇的選項有何合理之處就一目了然了。

2

真題示範2：

In order to learn Italian culture, what course do you suggest to open: cooking & food, movie or history? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

題目分析：

本題屬於情景類與觀點類的結合。要求考生結合題目情景，給出自己的選擇和解釋說明。本題也屬於三選一的題目類型，需要考生對比，另外兩個選項來突出所選項的優越性。

易失誤點分析：

→ 本題的難點在於，並不是像以前的考題只問到foreign culture，而是精確到了Italian culture。也就是說，考生需要結合這個限定詞給出答案，不能泛泛而談。不過其實考生也不用太過擔心，畢竟Italian culture也屬於foreign culture，我們完全可以在老題里準備過的論據的基礎上進行改編，使難度降低。

Sample answer:

I personally think watching Italian movies or movies about Italy is a better way to learn Italian culture. This is because, first of all, culture is a complex thing. Through movies, we are better able to learn different aspects about Italian culture, including food, traditions, ways of living, history and so forth. Through Italian movie Life is Beautiful we have chance to know how Italian people lived and what their beliefs were during a particular history period---World War II. By comparison, learning food & cooking or history solely is somewhat limited, as students cannot learn different aspects of Italian culture. Besides, students are more likely to learn Italian culture well by watching movies because students can be more attracted by interesting videos with both visual and audio effects, rather than by doing dishes or reading texts books about history. As a result, students are in a position to know and understand Italian culture more deeply.

答案分析：

答案通過分析電影內容的廣泛，以及具體的例子，證明了通過看電影來了解義大利文化的優越性。並且通過對比烹飪和學習歷史，突出了看電影比其他兩個方式優越的原因，更加有說服力地證明了答題者的立場。其次，通過說明電影本身的效果更能吸引學生，從而體現看電影學文化的好處。而這一條原因恰好用到其他文化中也可以，是通用論據。

3

高失誤率話題盤點之Task 2

真題示範1：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It』s okay to make phone calls or send text messages on a dinner table. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

題目分析：

本題是同意與否的題，需要考生給出自己的立場，並用細節來支持你的立場。本題的內容是老題的新出，之前考過關於能否在公共場合打電話或在課堂上使用手機的題目，考生們大可使用老題的論據，進行改編之後證明你的觀點。

易失誤點分析：

→ 雖然話題很老，但考生們常常誤解的一點是，這個題要麼同意要麼反對，非白即黑，以至於實在想不出論據來硬說，拿些沒有說服力的論據來湊數，導致聽者（考官）無法完全理解你的意思，導致失分。

Sample answer:

Personally speaking, whether we can make phone calls or send text messages on a dinner table really depends on the situation. Sometimes it』s totally acceptable that someone is making phone calls or sending texts if emergency happens. For example, answering emergency call from a family member for reasons of safety or health should be allowed. After all, people』s safety and health are much more important in comparison to table politeness. Besides, I』m sure that people would not mind in such situation. However, if someone is making calls or sending texts to friends just because he or she feesl bored at the table, it』s fairly impolite to people he or she meets. Anyway, what』s on earth the meaning of sitting together to have meal if people dont talk to each other face to face? So, I believe that it』s worth considering the particular situation when we answer this question.

答案分析：

本題通過分情況討論來證明了這個問題的不確定性。我們不能片面絕對地考慮一種情況，而是應該綜合考慮，這樣更能體現邏輯和理性。所以本題通過不同的情況來證明了何時可以打電話而何時不可以。本題的第一條論據還可以應用在相似的題目，從而降低了同類話題的難度。

真題示範2：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It』s okay for people to use surgery to change their appearance. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

題目分析：

本題也屬於同意與否的題目。話題方面，本題順應了新托福口語近幾年的趨勢，越來越多的使用與社會熱門話題有關的題目，要求考生緊跟社會潮流趨勢。

易失誤點分析：

→ 這個話題本身就是個難點，其實考生們在生活中不少討論整容的話題，但相信大家的重點都放在了誰整的好看誰整的不好看，或者所謂的「網紅臉」這個詞身上了。但很少有考生能深入思考有關整容的利弊，以至於真正需要表明立場並且解釋立場的時候感到無言。

→ 本題的難點之二就有些考生可能會想用一些與整容有關的辭彙，但發現一個都不會，以至於好不容易想出來的一條原因不知道如何表達。

Sample answer:

Although some people gain confidence through plastic surgery, I still believe that the risks of plastic surgery make it unacceptable. First of all, it』s now common to see many unsuccessful examples of people getting plastic surgery. I mean, plans cannot always be realized well in reality. News reports and examples in our real life about people not getting the appearance they wish are not rare, even frequent, I should say. But the thing is, when they want to get back to their original looking, it』s been late and impossible. Worse still, any surgery carries risks. I have seen thousands of reports of terribly sad outcomes that people died a couple of days after surgery, such as breast augmentation and liposuction, or even some died on operating table. I think it』s truly horrible and pity to see people die because they want to be prettier.

答案分析：

本題給了兩個論據，一個是人們有可能並不能通過整容手術來獲得想要的面貌，如果沒有達到預期反而沒有辦法再回到原來的樣子。然後更進一步分析失敗案例有很多，很多人因此喪命不值得。同時還舉了兩個整容手術中比較常見的兩種：隆胸術（breast augmentation）和抽脂術（liposuction），使得答案更具體。

4

高失誤率話題盤點之綜合口語

在這裡，我們以歷年來綜合口語中學術類話題為主，補充一下話題比較新，難度比較大的知識，考生們要做好積累，擴充自己的知識儲備，為將來的考試打好基礎。

1. Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups.

解釋：趨同進化。

兩個生活在不同地區的生物在進化過程中會呈現相似的特徵。教授講了兩種食蟻獸生物，一種住在非洲，一種住在澳大利亞，它們吃同一種昆蟲，這種昆蟲生活的地方很隱秘。而儘管這兩種昆蟲生活在完全不同的地方，它們都進化出了large, sticky tongues以幫助它們獲取這種昆蟲作為食物。

2. Contingency plan

A contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual. It is often used for risk management when an exceptional risk in a company that, though unlikely, would have catastrophic consequences.

解釋：應急計劃

應急計劃是指為了應對意外或風險而做出的計劃。Contingency plan有兩個部分，一是在危機出現時使生意仍能繼續。比如在滑雪場，當降雪太少，就要準備好造雪機製造人工雪。 二是要危機公關，積極應對消費者可能有的不良情緒。比如同樣是滑雪場這件事，公司可以提前跟顧客說明滑雪場情況，並告知已有人工造雪的方案。

3. Startle defense

In animals, including humans, the startle defense is a largely unconscious defensive response to sudden or threatening stimuli, such as sudden noise or sharp movement, and is associated with negative affect.

解釋：驚嚇防禦

動物在遇到天敵是使用聲音或動作來使天敵轉移注意力，進行自我保護的行為。教授講到一種身體為綠色的grasshopper。 當鳥類捕食者在grasshopper附近停下時， grasshopper會突然張開翅膀露出bright red並且製造出clicking sound使得鳥受到驚嚇，從而順利逃脫。

4. Vigilance

Vigilance refers to an animal』s examination of its surroundings in order to heighten awareness of predator presence. Vigilance is an important behavior during foraging as animals must often venture away from the safety of shelter to find food. However being vigilant comes at the expense of time spent feeding so there is a trade-off between the two.

解釋：警戒性

當一個動物單獨覓食的時候，它要花比跟一群動物一起覓食時更長的時間。因為他要花很長時間觀察周圍以警惕天敵的襲擊。所以時間都用在了觀察天敵，而獲得的食物相對來說也是少的。教授舉了一種猴子的例子。例子與名詞解釋基本相同。

5. Undercover marketing

Undercover marketing (also known as "stealth marketing") is a strategy where consumers do not realize they are being marketed to. Often, consumers believe that thy just encounter the product naturally.

解釋：秘密營銷

商家找人秘密地在潛在消費者周圍進行營銷，而消費者們通常不知道他們是被營銷的，他們以為事情是自然發生的。教授講了一個camera company的例子，商家找了50 actors在路邊找人幫忙拍照，同時教他們怎麼操作相機，路人就會覺得這些相機使用方便操作簡單，然後就會喜歡這個相機從而去買。

（敲黑板）

關於學術話題知識，考生們要大量積累，不斷更新自己的知識庫，才能在考試的時候讀懂聽懂相關的話題內容。更重要的是，考生們要以英文解釋為主，不要只看中文釋義，配以轉述練習，從而提高自己的轉述和概括能力，提高答題效率。

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