雅思閱讀助你提高雅思寫作

朗閣海外考試研究中心唐娜星

在很多考生的心中，雅思閱讀和寫作是兩門完全不同性質的考試，因為前者是對於1000字左右的文章的分析和理解，大面積文字的輸入使它重點考察的是領悟能力，而後者是對於圖表（書信）及議論文話題的自我表述，以運用和表達能力為考察重點。然而朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師認為，閱讀和寫作作為書面考試，在語言，辭彙，思路上對考生的要求都是一致的。因此，如果要寫出一篇比較好的作文，平時好好研究一下閱讀文章是非常有必要的。本文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師將給大家來呈現一下閱讀文章中所折射出的雅思寫作信息。

眾所周知，雅思寫作分為小作文和大作文2部分。說到A類小作文，很多烤鴨都知道它包含數據類和非數據類2大類型的圖表。特別驚喜的是，這2種圖表在閱讀文章中都有很好的體現，並給我們寫作文有了一些實質性的啟發及幫助。

（一）TASK 1

A: 數據性圖表

（1）百分比的直接描述---摘自於C4 T1Reading Passage 1

1. The commonestresponse were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children), SouthAfrica (30%), Brazil (25%).---括弧帶入百分比，比較直觀及簡單

2. The dominantidea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that the rainforests provide animalswith habitats.---百分比作為插入語部分放在句中，體現語法的高級性

3. About 18% ofthe pupils referred specifically to logging activity.---百分比放句首

4. Only a few ofthe pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction may contribute to globalwarming.---6%與a few of的歸類表述

5. Two fifths ofthe students provide the information that the rainforest provide oxygen.---分數與百分比之間的同義轉換

（2）數據間的對比與比較---摘自於C4 T2Reading Passage 2---Alternative medicine in Australia

1. 12% sufferfrom digestive problems, which is only 1% more than those suffering fromemotional problems.---定語從句比較數據

2. Thosesuffering from respiratory complaints represent 7% of their patients, andcandida sufferers represent an equal percentage.---用equal來體現相等數據的表述

3. Headachesufferers and those complaining of general ill health represent 6% and 5% of thepatients respectively.---用respectively來引出2個接近數據

實戰演練：

Thebar chart compares the changes in the places where people used to surf on theinternet in the years 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004 in the UK.

參考寫法：

（1）百分比的直接描述

a. 括弧帶入百分比---In1998, library was the place where fewest people used to surf the Internet (13%)

b. 百分比作為插入語放句中---Library,attracting only 13% of people, was the least favorable place to surf theInternet.

c. 百分比放句首---Nearly13% of people chose to surf the Internet in the library.

（2）百分比之間的對比

In 2000, about 48% of people surfed the internet at home,which was 10% more than those at work.---定語從句比較數據

In 2000, those surfing the internet in college and in thelibrary represented 20% and 18%, respectively.---用respectively來引出2個接近數據

（3）趨勢的寫法---摘自於C4 T4Reading Passage 3---The problem of scarce resources

Thus in OECD countries as awhole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP in1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, andit has been predicted that（將來時的表述） theproportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase.

實戰演練：

Thechart below shows the percentage of the whole world population in fourcountries from 1950-2002, with projections to 2050.

參考寫法：In India, the percentage of population increased from 15%in1950 to 18% in 2002, and it has been predicted that the proportion willcontinue to rise to 23% in 2050.

B: 非數據類圖表

在閱讀文章中，地圖題的相關語言表述基本不常見，但是流程圖的相關語言特色還是有一定反饋的。

摘自於Bakelite-the birth of modern plastics

這篇閱讀的第5段就是一個很典型的流程圖的寫法，可以從裡面學到相關辭彙及句型。例如：

1. The originalpatent outlined a three-stage process, in which… were initiallycombined---可以用於開頭段的書寫

2. …was allowed to cool until it hardened, and then broken upand ground into powder（冷卻，打碎及碾壓的表達）

3. Othersubstances were then introduced: including…（加入新事物的表達）

4. In the laststage, the heated bake lite was poured into a hollow mold of the requiredshape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure.（倒進去，模具塑形及加熱的表達）

實戰演練：

玻璃瓶回收

參考寫法：

開頭：The glass bottle recycling outlines a three-step process,in which bottles used by customers are initially gathered.

塑形過程：Then, the liquid, with additional one, is poured into theglass mold of the required shape to produce new bottles.

（二）TASK 2

雅思大作文，比起小作文來講，更難以得到高分。不光其對於辭彙和句式有著更高的要求，更是由於它文體的特殊性，需要考生提出自己的看法。考慮到大部分考生還是處在學習階段，人生歷練比較少，觀點的產出既要切題又要質量高是很困難的一件事。鑒於此，筆者在這裡給大家簡要的分析一下雅思閱讀與寫作之間的那些千絲萬縷的關係。

學過雅思寫作的同學都知道，雅思大作文基本都是從幾大常考話題中抽取的，比如常考的有教育類，科技類，環境類及社會類等。筆者將列舉幾篇典型的閱讀文章告訴你它背後隱藏的寫作的故事。

（1）閱讀文章：Lostfor words

匹配的相關寫作題目：

Some people think governments should spend money onmeasures to save languages with few speakers from dying out completely. Othersthink this is a waste of financial resources. Discuss both views and give yourown opinion.（語言類）

分析：語言類作文一直是考生比較頭疼的，主要是由於對於這方面素材積累得比較少，無話可說。因此，要想寫好這一篇作文，背景知識的了解以及知道如何保護語言還是很重要的，然而在lost for words這篇閱讀中就能找到相關信息。

Background:

Navajois considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers. Street signs,supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Notsurprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain ina hundred years』 time.

（此段可以用於寫作開頭段的背景導入或正文段的論證，用Navajo作為例子，是較好的舉例論證手法。當然考生在備考期間可以查詢和Navajo類似的瀕危語言，學習本段的論證手法。）

Reasons for languages dying out:

1.The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by theelderly.

2.The deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalization.

（語言瀕危的原因，可以作為切入點去想相關措施）

Ways to protect:

1.Class for children have showed the erosion of Maori and rekindled interest inthe language.

2. 「Apprentice」programs have provided life support to several indigenous languages.

3. Themere possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages todevelop systems of writing where none existed before.

（此3點可作為正文Body 1段的參考觀點，比較新穎，值得大家借鑒，如果能體現在作文中，必能吸引考官的眼球）

（2）閱讀文章：How much higher? How much faster?

匹配的相關寫作題目：

It is generally believed that some people are born withcertain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However,it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sportsperson or musician. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.（劍7 Test1）

分析：此篇寫作題目從屬於教育類範疇，考察的是天生與後天之間的關係，寫作難點就是對於例子的把握。

Background:

Atthe 1908 Olympic, John Hayes of the US team ran a marathon in a time of2:55:18. In 1999, Marocco』s Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42,almost thirty percent faster.

（開頭可以使用類似對比的方式來討論先天與後天哪個improve the performance）

Gene(born with certain talents):

Overthe past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changedappreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics,--andgreater rewards to tempt athletes--it is more likely that individualspossessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can beidentified earlier.

（Body 1的參考論證來體現出基因對於運動員的好處）

閱讀中的同義替換：Genetically talented individuals/running on theirgenetics

Training(be taught to become a good sports person or musician):

Focusedtraining will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. If we appliedthe Russian training models to some of the outstanding runners we have in thiscountry, they would be breaking records left and right.

（Body 2的參考論證來體現出運動的重要性，典型的舉例論證。考生可能對於Russian training model的方式不太熟悉，可以查詢相關材料，把握其主旨）

（3）閱讀文章：greyingpopulation stays in the pink

匹配的相關寫作題目：

In some countries, the proportion of the elderly peopleis increasing steadily. Why? Is it a positive or negative development?

Background:

Theresults of a 14-year study to be announced later this month reveal that thediseases associated with old age are afflicting fewer and fewer people and whenthey do strike, it is much later in life.

（用報告的調查結果引出老年人目前的狀況，可用於開頭段）

Contributingfactors:

1.Certain diseases are beating a retreat in the face of medical advances.

2.Improvements in childhood nutrition gave today』s elderly people a better startin life than their predecessors.

3.Educated people seek more medical attention.

4.Maintaining a level of daily physical activity may help mental functioning.

（文章給出了4個老年人長壽的原因，可用於回答寫作的第一個問號，而其中第二和第三兩個觀點比較新穎，考生一般都想不到，平時可以做積累）

（4）閱讀文章：the impact of wilderness tourism

匹配的相關寫作題目：

These days, some developing countries are expanding theirtourism industries. What are the reasons of this phenomenon? Is this a positiveor negative development?

Positive:

1. Tourismhas been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan.

2. Tourismis also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland andAlaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia.

（文章提及外幣交換以及促進經濟發展是旅遊帶來的好處，並且每句話後面都有典型的地點作為例證，顯得非常有說服力）

Negative:

1. Insome hill regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and achange in the local diet, because there is insufficient labor to maintainterraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops.

2. Thephysical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with thegrowth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focus on erosion along majortrails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on watersupplies.

（文章提及農業產量下降，飲食結構改變以及遊客的破壞是開發旅遊的隱藏問題。基本上考生對於第二句話會產生一定的共識，但是通過第一句話相信可以給大家一些比較有創意的觀點，博取考官的眼球）

Solutions:

1. Communitiesin fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures inthe regions.

總結：通過上文對於閱讀文章中的數據及語言的分析，相信各位烤鴨能從中學到一些小作文的專業表達，對於小作文的寫法有較好的了解。同時就大作文而言，所選的4篇閱讀文章與寫作題目的相關性應該能夠讓烤鴨們明白精讀不僅對於提高閱讀本身有幫助，同樣對於寫作的提升也是有很多好處的。但是由於篇幅有限，不能每篇文章都一一進行分析，因此朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師在此建議考生們如果有時間及精力的話，不妨好好研究一下閱讀文章，也許你的寫作能力也會在不知不覺中得到提升。