SAT寫作套路：開頭段

開宗明義，我們先得明白為什麼寫SAT文章需要套路。道理很簡單，沒有套路，大多數學生都是瞎寫一通，即使整篇文章寫完自我感覺良好，好似行雲流水，把該說的都說了，基本上分數都只能在5／5／5到6／6／6晃悠，想要那更高的分數，必須學習寫作套路。

開頭段

萬事開頭難，作文如何開頭難倒不少英雄好漢。我在平時教學中也經常碰到學生開頭段有的草草了事，有的長篇大論，其實歸根結底就是沒有掌握正確的方法。經過分析市面上所有的高分範文，我發現所有的高分開頭都一個共性，它們總能準確地把握住評分標準中要求的四個得分點：

• 話題背景：簡單闡述話題發生的背景情況，非必要

• 文章主旨：說明文章的討論對象和作者的寫作目的，必要

• 行文技巧：總結挑選出來的值得分析的寫作技巧，必要

• 目標受眾：指出這篇文章的目標受眾或聽眾，非必要

接下來我們針對「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」這篇文章看一下4分到1分的文章開頭：

[4分開頭]

Media presentation from across the globe is vital to the upkeep and maintenance of our society. How this information is obtained and presented, if presented at all, is a different story. Goodman, in 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」, describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America. He builds an argument to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting through the presentation of statistics, connections to social media as well as using specific diction to establish his argument. His primary audience would be the American public in general.

得分點分析：

[4分開頭] Media presentation from across the globe is vital to the upkeep and maintenance of our society. How this information is obtained and presented, if presented at all, is a different story.（背景句）Goodman, in 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」, describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America. He builds an argument to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting（主旨句）through the presentation of statistics, connections to social media as well as using specific diction to establish his argument.（技巧句）His primary audience would be the American public in general. （目標受眾）

[3分開頭]

Over the years what is going on in the outside world has started to affect us more. Whether it is a war that is going to effect us physically or even an oil disaster that will effect us economically. However, this news is not always covered. The U.S. news focuses more on what is going on in our own country than outside of it we are not well informed to the world around us. Peter S. Goodman uses many different types of evidence to support his claims and persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to Americans.

得分點分析：

[3分開頭] Over the years what is going on in the outside world has started to affect us more. Whether it is a war that is going to effect us physically or even an oil disaster that will effect us economically. However, this news is not always covered. The U.S. news focuses more on what is going on in our own country than outside of it we are not well informed to the world around us.（背景句） Peter S. Goodman uses many different types of evidence （技巧句）to support his claims and persuade his audience that news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign news coverage provided to Americans.（主旨句）

• 問題：背景句過於羅嗦，技巧句模糊，主旨句不夠全面

[3分開頭]

Peter Goodman』s purpose in writing 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」 was to persuade his audience that news should include more information about the world as a whole. Goodman』s argument becomes powerful through the use of pathos, using evidence, and also embracing reasoning.

得分點分析：

[3分開頭] Peter Goodman』s purpose in writing 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」 was to persuade his audience that news should include more information about the world as a whole. （主旨句） Goodman』s argument becomes powerful through the use of pathos, using evidence, and also embracing reasoning. （技巧句）

• 問題：主旨句不夠全面

[2分開頭]

In the article 「Foreign News At a Crisis Point」, Peter S. Goodman argues that the news organizations should increase the amount of foreign news coverage offered to the Americans

得分點分析：

[2分開頭]

In the article 「Foreign News At a Crisis Point」, Peter S. Goodman argues that the news organizations should increase the amount of foreign news coverage offered to the Americans

• 問題：主旨句不全面，缺乏技巧句

[1分開頭]

In the Article, 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」 by Peter S. Goodman by TheHuffingtonPost.com, the author builds up an argument to persuade his audience. He provided information about American Journalism Review to let people in the community know how it started.

得分點分析：

[1分開頭]In the Article, 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point」 by Peter S. Goodman by TheHuffingtonPost.com, the author builds up an argument to persuade his audience. He provided information about American Journalism Review to let people in the community know how it started.

• 問題：主旨句模糊不清，技巧句缺失

通過以上開頭示範分析我們可以看出來想要得到新SAT寫作高分，大家的開頭要符合以下要點：

• 結構完整：開頭得分點必要成分必須齊全

• 論述具體：主旨句和技巧句一定要全面和準確

• 語言簡潔：語言切忌羅嗦，特別是背景句盡量不要超過2句話

接下來我手把手教大家一步一步寫好開頭段。

1.如何寫話題背景句？

背景句的寫法非常多樣，比如名人名言法，鉤子法，社會現象法，大家可以參照托福寫作開頭寫法靈活選擇。背景句要做到第一時間吸引讀者，順利過渡到主旨句，切忌長篇累牘，嘩眾取寵。背景句不是必要成分，不寫也不會影響大家的文章最終得分。

2.如何寫文章主旨句？

我建議大家寫主旨句掌握 WOSP原則：W即Writer，作者的名字；O即Occasion，文章的標題；S即Subject，文章的討論或者描述對象；P即Purpose，作者的寫作目的。大家可以參照以下模板句進行套路練習：

• Writer：（Writer』s credentials, if any作者的身份，如果有的話就寫，比如美國前總統）+ (Writer』s first and last name 作者的姓名)

• Occasion: in his/her (title of the text文章的標題)

• Subject:describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/expresses/recounts+(Writer』s subject文章的討論或者描述對象)

• Purpose: (Writer』s last name作者的姓)』s purpose is to (what the writer does in the text作者的寫作目的).

我來做個示範：

Writer: Peter Goodman

Occasion: in his 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point,」

Subject: describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America.

Purpose: Goodman』s purpose is to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the number of professional foreign reporters.

合起來：

Peter Goodman, in his 「Foreign News at a Crisis Point,」 describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America. Goodman』s purpose is to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the number of professional foreign reporters.

主旨句常用辭彙和句型：

1. 「使用」系列辭彙

use/utilize/employ/resort to/refer to/make an effective use of v.使用

The author makes an effective uses of statistics, connections to social media as well as using specific diction to establish his argument.

2. 「說服」系列辭彙

persuade/convince v. 說服，勸服

(1) persuade/convince sb to do sth

By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers to believe that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting.

(2) persuade/convince sb of sth

By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers of the urgency for American news organizations to increase the amount of professional foreign reporting.

(3) persuade/convince sb that

By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting.

3. 「表達」系列辭彙

build/give/deliver/construct/establish/convey v. 傳達，表達

The author adeptly constructs his argument by using hard facts, logic reasoning and various types of persuasive elements.

小竅門：在寫文章主旨的時候建議參考文末Prompt，會有意想不到的驚喜。

3. 如何寫行文技巧句？

行文技巧句建議大家用最簡單直白的語句，大家可以參照以下模板句進行套路練習：

He/She effectively conveys this argument by using (skill 1), (skill 2) and (skill 3).

示範：

She effectively conveys this argument by using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction.

4.如何寫目標受眾句？

大家可以通過文章標題和出處鎖定粗略鎖定文章的目標受眾。新SAT寫作文章大部分摘自美國主流報刊雜誌，因此手中通常是美國大眾。但也不排除會有特殊情況，大家還要結合文章內容具體分析。目標受眾句非必要成分，大家可以參照以下模板句進行套路練習：

His/Her primary audience would be…

示範：

His primary audience would be the American public in general.

當大家熟練掌握開頭段得分點以及基本套路後可以根據個人偏好進行個性化修改。字數大概控制在40字到100字之間。時間控制在3分鐘內。