朗閣雅思培訓丨解密雅思聽力配對題
在雅思聽力的主流題型中,配對題一直是眾多烤鴨心中的痛,面對這類題型,考生們總是迷茫而無助。通過分析今年上半年的考題回顧以及劍10, 劍11真題發現,配對題出現的比例比去年及以往有所上升,所以今天我們一起來學習一下這個題型。
一、審題
很多同學都有這樣的困擾,遇到了配對題不知道將自己有限的時間放在看選項還是放在看題幹上。每次30秒看了選項就來不及看題干,看了題干就來不及看選項,那在有限的時間裡我們應該怎麼合理安排看題時間呢?
大家在拿到一份試卷後的第一件事應該先瀏覽一下整套test的題型,如果section 2, 3有大量選擇和配對,我們應該將前面section 1 example的時間以及每個section結束後的半分鐘檢查時間充分利用起來,特別是本來閱讀速度就奇慢無比的烤鴨們更應該如此。
第二,在有限的時間裡,大家應該先讀選項。和雅思閱讀不一樣,聽力都是按照題號順序來出題的,既然題目是順序的,選項是亂序且數量較多,我們當然先看跳躍性更強的選項。尤其是在題干是專有名詞的情況下,根本不用提前花時間看題。
例:劍10 Test 2 Section 2
Features
A. ancient forts
B. waterways
C. ice and snow
D. jewel
E. local animals
F. mountains
G. music and film
H. space travel
I. volcanoes
Areas of the world
15. Asia __________
16. Antarctica __________
17. South America __________
18. North America __________
19. Europe __________
20. Africa __________
15-20題全都是專有名詞,是不可能出現任何替換的,並且又按照題乾的順序出題,所以我們只需要把上面亂序的選項瀏覽一遍即可。要注意的是因為配對是選擇題的一個分支,選擇就是考查替換,考生要注意選項的替換。
有考生可能有疑問,下次遇到題干是非專有名詞的情況我又該何去何從呢?
例:劍 10 Test 3 Section 3
Action
A. be on time
B. get a letter of recommendation
C. plan for the final year
D. make sure the institution』s focus is relevant
E. show ability in Theatre Studies
F. make travel arrangements and bookings
G. ask for help
Stages in doing the 『year abroad』 option
26. in the second year of the course ______________
27. when first choosing where to go ______________
28. when sending in your choices ______________
29. when writing your personal statement ______________
30. when doing the year abroad ______________
我們一起來看一下這個例題,與剛才列舉的劍10 Test 2 Section 2不一樣的是這邊的題干並不是專有名詞,那上面下面都替換了是不是連題目都定位不到了呢,要不要先看題干呢?
以下為26題聽力原文:
Mia: so next year when you are in the second year of the course, you need to work really hard……
與題干一模一樣
以下為27題聽力原文:
Rob: So how did you choose where to go?
Mia: I decided I wanted a programme that would fit what I want to do after graduate……
與題干也基本相同
以下為28題聽力原文:
You have to email the scheme coordinator with your top three choices. I had a friend who missed the deadline and didn』t get her first choice.
雖然和題干句子並不是一模一樣,但題干里的關鍵詞choice也沒有出現替換。如果是選項里有這個詞,一般考官都會把該詞換成option, 或詞性出現替換變成choose。
最新的劍11的配對題依舊遵循了題干改動較少的規律:
劍11 Test 3 Section 2
題干:16. railway station car park ________
原文:As you will know if you regularly use the car park at the railway station
以上的例子都證明了配對題題干替換較少,考生應把有限的時間多放在選項的閱讀上。
二、快速划出選項中的關鍵詞
例:劍11 Test 3 Section 2
Plans
A. It will move to a new location
B. It will have its opening hours extended
C. It will be refurbished
D. It will be used for a different purpose
E. It will have its opening hours reduced
F. It will have new management
G. It will be expanded
划出每個選項里比較有區分度的詞語,因為所有選項都是將來時,所以該題不會在時態上出考點,所以大家把重點放在後面的關鍵詞上。
例:劍6 Test 1 Section 2
A. doubled in number
B. given separate entrance
C. reduced in number
D. increased in size
E. replaced
F. strengthened
G. temporarily closed
選項裡面如果有上升下降的詞語一定要敏感,一般都是出題點,所以在審題的時候這些詞應該划出來以便做題時一眼可以看到。
三、增強替換敏感度
因為配對是選擇題的一個分支,選擇主要就是考查替換和定位,所以做配對題時要有替換意識。我們還是以劍6 Test 1 Section 2這題為例:
選項:A. doubled in number
原文:……, and now there are twice as many
選項:B. given separate entrance
原文:……, with its own access from the side of the building
選項:C. reduced in number
原文:we have increased the leg-room between the rows. This means that there are now fewer seats.
選項:D. increased in size
原文:the small, dark dressing rooms we used to have been converted into two large airy rooms.
選項:G. temporarily closed
原文:we hope to reopen the shop in the next few months.
除了增強替換的敏感度之外,考生自己在刷題的同時也需要總結一些考官經常出題的替換
例:劍9 Test 3 Section 2
14-18中的選項C. building
原文:Duncan has been a stalwart of the park for the last ten years, taking over from me in the area of construction
Construction與building出現替換,包括它們的動詞原形construct與build替換都是真題裡面反覆多次出現過的。
例:劍10 Test 1 Section 4
題干:36. Habitat is being lost due to deforestation and construction of_______
原文:……by cutting down a large number of trees. In addition, they have built roads…
例:劍10 Test 2 Section 3
題干:27. What was the most important to Heyerdahl about his raft journey?
A. the fact that he was the first person to do it.
B. the speed of crossing the Pacific.
C. the use of authentic construction methods.
原文:The most important factor seems to have been that he used only ancient techniques and local materials to build his raft.
例:劍10 Test 4 Section 2
題干:What did the MANHAM Trust hope to do?
A. discover the location of the original port
B. provide jobs for the unemployed
C. rebuild the port complex
原文:It then brought in paid professionals to match installations with maps of the original port complex and set about reconstructing it.
以上的幾個例子僅僅是劍10里出現過的construct與build以及它們的變體出現過的替換。所以熟知劍橋系列真題里常見的替換詞也很重要。
下面為大家羅列了一些真題里多次出現過的替換詞。
名詞替換:
the press & newspaper
access & entrance
drink & water &refreshment
gift & present
expense & cost & money & financial
animal & wildlife
timetable & schedule
pupil & student
employer & boss
college student & young adult
landlord & house owner & house holder & owner of property
film & cinema & documentary
staff & worker
engine & mechanical
動詞替換:
reserve & book
require & request & ask
handle & cope with & deal with
relocate & move
specialize in & focus on & emphasize
hear & been told
see & recognize
形容詞及副詞:
extremely & very
approximately & about
main & major
existing & available ¤t
annual &per year
dangerous & risky
elementary & easy & basic & beginning & primary
standard & fixed
two & double & twice
除了了解真題里經常出現的替換詞之外,考生也要熟悉常見的替換類型
1. 同近義詞替換 例:advantage & benefit
discovery & breakthrough
2. 同近義片語替換 例:tourist attraction & scenic spot & places of interest
3. 詞性替換 例:modification & modify
attract &attraction & attractive
4. 綜合替換 例:disruption & interrupted(劍4 Test 2 Section 2 Q14 原文是interrupted, 題目在近義詞替換的基礎上又出現了詞性的替換)
change & modification
5. 上下義詞替換 例:drink & mineral water(劍4 Test 2 Section 1 Q1)
animal & wildlife(劍8 Test 2 Section 2)
四、合理根據場景猜題
如果沒有聽到,可以在十分鐘謄寫的時候根據場景在剩下的選項中來合理猜題(因為配對題選項數量是多於題干數量的,所以不會出現重複選的現象,考生在考試的時候確定的選項一定要及時劃掉以減輕後面做題的負擔)。
例:劍 10 Test 3 Section 3
Action
A. be on time
B. get a letter of recommendation
C. plan for the final year
D. make sure the institution』s focus is relevant
E. show ability in Theatre Studies
F. make travel arrangements and bookings
G. ask for help
Stages in doing the 『year abroad』 option
26. in the second year of the course E
27. when first choosing where to go D
28. when sending in your choices A
29. when writing your personal statement G
30. when doing the year abroad ______________
我們以劍10 Test 3 Section 3 第30題為例,假使前面幾題都已做對,那現在的選擇範圍就是B, C, F這三個選項。Section 3一般都是學生和學生或者學生和老師的對話,並圍繞學生校園生活展開講述一些諸如課程討論,論文選題,實地考察,作業等內容。F選項關於旅遊安排和預訂,如果出現在雅思真題中一般此表述會在section 1, section 2生活場景里的可能性更大。所以排除了F後B和C二者選其一,答對的幾率也增大了一些。
例:劍10 Test 4 Section 3
Sources of information
A. company manager
B. company』s personnel department
C. personal tutor
D. psychology department
E. mentor
F. university careers officer
G. Internet
選項裡面涉及了很多人,B選項是人事部門,找過工作的考生應該都知道公司的人事部門一般負責通知面試以及面試等步驟,28 responding to invitation for interview回復面試邀請應該就是學生和人事部門的聯繫。C選項是personal tutor自己的導師,考生一般都了解過申請大學或研究生的步驟,一般大學的申請資料里都得有兩封推薦信,其中至少有一封得出自your personal tutor。所以30題requesting a reference應該就選C選項。
五、適當做筆記
因為配對題是選項數量較多並且是亂序,有些考生反應來不及反應。並且單選題一般題與題之間會有一定的間距時間,但配對題幾乎都是題與題緊密相連。更是對考生的讀題速度反應速度提出了很大的挑戰。考生如果覺得直接做題直接跟不上,可以嘗試去通過筆記法來提高正確率。
例:劍10 Test 2 Section 2
15. Asia __________ snake, tiger
16. Antarctica __________ climb, mountain
17. South America __________ mine, precious stone
18. North America __________ rocket, international space station
19. Europe __________ traditional, medieval castle
20. Africa __________ river
因為該題肯定是按照題干專有名詞的順序來的,所以考生可以在聽到定位詞後在該題後記下關鍵詞,等到錄音放完再來核對筆記和選項的替換。當然筆記法肯定是有風險性的,寫字的速度肯定是慢於說話的速度的,很有可能在你記你認為關鍵的詞時,真正的考點詞就與你擦肩而過了。所以記筆記的同時也要注意一下文中有沒有出現轉折詞。
比如該題的16題原文:we couldn』t run to an ice rink I』m afraid but opted instead for climbing blocks in the shape of mountains. 出現了not …… but……, 答案肯定是but後面的內容。
再比如18題原文:I know the contribution of cinema and jazz, but the designers finally opted for rockets and international space station. 首先前面用了一個I know表示讓步,實在不理解我們可以打一個比方,比如你向人家小姑娘表白,人家小姑娘說我知道你是一個好人,相信後半句話你不聽都知道結果是什麼了吧。這邊也是一樣,既然cinema and jazz是I know後面出現直接排除G選項的music and film(我們只是說正確選項一般都會替換,沒有說錯誤選項不會替換)。考點在but後面rockets火箭,international space station國際空間站都與space travel出現了替換。
從劍3劍4開始出現配對題,到現在劍10劍11 BC對於配對題的樂此不疲。配對題在所有題型中的出現比重也慢慢變大,甚至某些場次考試中section 2, section 3都出現了該題型。所以不擅長配對的同學在考試前一定要勤加練習,並且熟悉我們上面講的所有的做題方法。
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