解惑 | 生物醫學SCI寫作教程第五期
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溫故而知新
Rocky：解惑 | SinoScript生物醫學SCI寫作教程第一期
Rocky：解惑 | SinoScript生物醫學SCI寫作教程第二期
Rocky：解惑 | SinoScript生物醫學SCI寫作教程第三期
Rocky：解惑 | SinoScript生物醫學SCI寫作教程第四期
以下為本期內容：
Discussion是最難寫的部分之一。它之所以難寫，是因為這裡面最能顯示一個作者研究問題的廣度和深度。深度就是論文對於提出的問題的研究到了一個什麼樣的程度，廣度指是否能從多個角度來分析解釋實驗結果。Discussion的部分還要注意保持和Result的一致性，即結果和討論要一一對應。千萬不要出現按討論的內容可以推出與實驗相反的結論這種情形，那證明你的討論思路壓根兒就是失敗的。所以，Discussion的文字描述和表達的精確性尤為重要。由於中英文表達的不同，在投稿之前要盡量避免出現表達上的失誤。
本期關鍵詞：Result Discussion Conclusion
【第五課】「英語寫作的語言技巧（Result, Discusson，Conclusion）」
Result
第1段：描述樣本容量
●A total of [X no.] subjects, or [%] of those contacted, responded to the survey.
●We excluded from analysis the [X no.] of subjects who did not participate due to…
●Table 1 summarizes…of the respondents included in the analysis
第2段
a.主題句陳述研究結果（不涉及數據）
●Overall, participants indicated that….each subsequent sentence in paragraph provides detail to this topic statement
●When asked to rank treatment options from 1-6, [X-treatment] received the greatest number of first place rankings….following statements detail this topic
●Furthermore, respondents were asked whether [Event A occurred]…Responses to this question are given in table II.
●The most popular choice was…details for this topic statement should highlight any data-based rationale for this indication.
●Respondents who were in the [Y] category were more likely to…detail should describe degree of difference between this category and others, as well as identify quantitatively the differences between each category.
b.第2句用統計數據來說明主題句中的闡述的內容。
c.盡量不要涉及對結果的評論。評論可以放在接下去的討論部分中。要記住。結果部分僅僅是對研究數據的客觀陳述。
Discussion
第1 段
a.觀點1：闡明研究結果對利益問題的影響。使用現在時態提供問題或假設的答案
●Current US recommendations for…seem to vary markedly on the basis of differences in…
●The results of our study suggest that…has become a criterion for…
●This finding may help to explain…
a) This study shows…
b) In this study, we have found
c) Our results show that
d) These results thus lend further credence to other (our earlier)
e) In this study, we demonstrate
b.觀點2：或直接提出問題並作答（不常見）
● The question addressed by the present study….. The main finding of our study is…
第2段
a.對比以前的數據或其他文獻相比，建立新的結論。
●Incomplete….. In this study
●Previously biased….We have shown
●These data are in accordance with the results from other investigators demonstrating that…
●Evidence accumulated over the last two decades indicates
b.解釋與以往研究之間的差異
●Apparent discrepancies between our xyz values and those of earlier studies….
●Earlier studies have reported…..
第3段
a.討論次要或未預料到的結果
●A surprising finding was that
b.關於調查結果重要性的假設
●This strategy may be useful
●This finding may serve to explain/provide clarity for...
第4段
a.描述研究的內在局限性。這些限制可能關於方法、研究設計的缺陷、假設的有效性。用對立分析法分析局限或者可能影響結果的未預料到的障礙因素。
Point: The limitations of our study include those common to focus groups
Point: We acknowledge that…
Counter point: However, [ ] has been validated as a useful tool for assessing…
Point/counterpoint: On the basis of the results of our study, we cannot infer that the
relationship between…and…is causal, but we have sought to demonstrate the plausibility of such a relationship.
Point: We also cannot comment on other factors that may have contributed to[specific outcomes of our study]
Point/counterpoint: Although we were able to gather limited information on nonrespondents, we found no significant differences between respondents and non-respondents.
b.如果有偏差，解釋說明偏向的方向，即零假設或備擇假設。
●Our methods for determining the .. has several limitations…Despite these limitations, our analysis has several advantages
●One assumption we made for….This is a reasonable assumption. In addition… Finally...
Conclusion
第1句：總結研究並闡述研究中最重要的發現
●Pediatric emergency medicine physicians seem to favor use of…for…despite conflicting results of clinical trials and meta-analyses
●This finding may help to explain…
第2句：說明研究發現對未來的的有益之處
●In agreement with other published data
●Our findings and those of others suggest
第3句：概括指出你的研究發現會如何影響後人的研究。
●In conclusion, our work emphasizes the need for…
【第五課】小結：內容前後要一致，語言表達需精確。
下期預告【第六課】「如何整合Discussion與Result部分的材料「
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