雙語：什麼是中國道路
已有一個多月，被阿富汗朋友問得最多的一些問題是：為什麼中國能夠在過去四十年里實現舉世矚目的成就？中國道路的經驗和意義是什麼？是否值得阿富汗借鑒？
I assumed my post one month and a half ago. During this period, most frequent questions I』ve been asked by my Afghan friends are: Why has China made remarkable achievements in the past four decades? What is the experience and implications of Chinese Path? Is it worthy learning for Afghanistan?
這些問題的權威答案都在4個月前舉行的中共十9大的報告里。這份報告提出中國進入新時代，也就是帝國主義和西方列強在中國海岸線上架起幾座大炮就能讓一個國家屈服的時代一去不復返了，我小時候需要拿著布票糧票排長隊幫爸爸媽媽買生活必需品的時代一去不復返了，西方人瞧不起中國、將中國人稱為「東亞病夫」的時代一去不復返了。中國正日益走近世界舞台的中央，中國人離民族偉大復興的目標從來沒有如此之近。
Authoritative answers to all these questions could be found in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) which was held four months ago. The report announced that China has entered a new era. Those days when the imperialist and western powers could force China into surrender by simply setting up a few cannons on Chinese coastlines has gone forever. Those days, when I was a child and have to take cloth coupons and food coupons to buy my mom and daddy necessities in a long queue, has gone forever. Those days when western powers despised China as 「sick man of East Asia」 has gone forever. Today, China is approaching the center of the world stage, and the Chinese people have never been so close to their dream of national rejuvenation.
中國去年GDP增長率為6.9％，目前經濟總量已超過12萬億美元，穩居世界第二位，過去17年間晉陞了5個位次。現在每年中國的經濟增量相當於世界上GDP排名第14位國家的經濟總量。製造業產值、外貿額和外匯儲備穩居第一。過去40多年裡，中國有7億人實現脫貧，形成約4億人的中等收入群體。目前中國人均GDP超過9000美元，達到中等收入國家水平，較2000年增長近9倍，18年來在世界上的位次提升超過30位。中國社會的主要矛盾已經轉化為人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發展之間的矛盾，也即從「有沒有」到「好不好」轉變，從高速增長向高質量增長轉變。
Last year, Chinas GDP grew at a rate of 6.9％. Now, its total economy has exceeded 12 trillion U.S. dollars, ranking the second in the world, raised by five places in the past 17 years. Amount of Chinas yearly economic growth is equivalent to the total economic output of the 14th largest economy in the world, that is Spain or Mexico. China』s Manufacturing output, foreign trade volume and foreign exchange reserves all rank first in the world. Over the past 40 years, 700 million Chinese people have been lifted out of poverty, and the middle-income group expanded to around 400 million people. At present, Chinas per capital GDP is nearly $9,500, 9 times more than that of the year 2000, reaching the level of middle-income countries, and its rank is raised by over 30 places globally in latest 18 years. The principal contradiction of Chinese society has transformed into the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people』s ever-growing needs for a better life, that is, from 「have or not」 to 「good or not」, and from high-speed growth to high-quality growth.
阿富汗朋友訪問中國時會發現，中國的街道和地鐵里很少有閑人，人們大多行色匆匆，每個人臉上都有期待，眼裡都有希望。你會看到市民自娛自樂的街頭歌舞，看到越來越多的博物館和健身房，看到年輕人網路上下豐富的業餘生活和朋友圈。
When visiting China, our Afghan friends will find that there are few elders on the streets or subways. Most of them are in a hurry, expectations on their faces and hope in their eyes. You will find citizens entertaining themselves by songs and dances on the street, more and more museums and gyms, and also youths enjoying their colorful amateur life.
因此，中國道路的特點之一，就是中國實現了從站起來、富起來到強起來的飛躍，民眾生活日益豐富和多元，擁有獲得感、安全感和幸福感，對本國的道路、理論、制度和文化充滿自信。
Therefore, the first characteristic of the Chinese Path is that China has made leaps from independent to rich, and from rich to strong. Our citizen』s life has been increasingly rich and diversified. They acquired a sense of gaining, security and happiness. The Chinese people have full confidence in our path, theories, political system, and culture of the Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.
十9大報告提出並總結了習JinPing新時代中國特色社會主義思想，令近9000萬中國共產Dang黨員更加意志統一，紀律嚴明，士氣高昂。我們堅持以經濟建設為中心，堅持以人民為中心和人民當家作主，堅持全面深化改革和新發展理念，堅持全面依法治國和全面從嚴治黨，堅持人與自然和諧共生。
The 19th National Congress of CPC raised and summarized the Xi Jinping』s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, which made CPC, a party with nearly 90 million members, more united, disciplined and enterprising. We keep the economic development as the central task, adhere to the people-centered development, uphold the principle of running the country by the people, continue to deepen reform in all areas, remain committed to the new development philosophy, advance law-based governance, promote full and strict governance over the CPC, and ensure harmony between human and nature.
阿富汗朋友很欣賞中國經濟建設的一些經驗之談，例如「要想富，先修路」、「無農不穩、無工不富、無商不活」、「搞試點、辦特區」，還有一些朋友知道中國共產Dang在革命戰爭時期的「三大法寶」：統一戰線、武裝鬥爭和黨的建設。我也告訴他們，中國這些年還積累了一些十分重要的政治經驗，例如像愛護眼睛一樣珍惜國內穩定與民族團結，像刮骨療毒一樣清除腐敗分子，像釘釘子一樣紮實做好每一件確定了的事項，像秋風掃落葉一樣嚴厲打擊暴力恐怖活動。
My Afghan friends are very appreciative to words indicating the wisdom of China』s economic development. For example, 「building roads is the first step to make people rich」, 「no agriculture, no stability. no industry, no prosperity. no commerce, no validity」, 「launching pilot projects, establishing special economic zone」. Some friends know the 「three magic weapons」 of the Chinese Communist Party during the revolutionary war: the united front, armed struggle and party building. I also told them that China has accumulated some very important political experiences all these years. For example, cherishing the stability and national unity as cherishing your own eyes, removing corrupt elements like scraping poisons off bones, implementing decision as nailing a nail, striking terrorist activities as wind sweeping away the withered leaves in autumn.
因此，中國道路的特點之二，就是始終有一個堅強並受到人民擁護的政黨的領導，有堅強的領導核心，有不變的基本政治原則，也有與時俱進的思想解放與政策調整。
Therefore, the second characteristic of the Chinese Path is that we always have a party leader, which is strong and uphold by the people, and supported by a strong core of leadership. We have constant basic political principles, we have ideological emancipation and policy keeping pace with the time as well.
中共十9大確定了至本世紀中葉的發展目標：近期目標是從現在到2020年，全面建成小康社會，農村現行標準下的貧困人口全面脫貧。
The 19th National Congress of the CPC has set the development goal to the middle of this century: the immediate goal is to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020. In terms of specific numerical indicators, the per capita GDP exceeds 10,000$, approaching the threshold of a high-income country of 12,000$; all rural residents living below the current poverty line will be lifted out of poverty.
中長期目標分兩步：一是從2020年到2035年，用15年的時間，基本實現社會主義現代化。二是從2035年到2050年，建成社會主義現代化強國，實現國家治理體系和治理能力的現代化，成為綜合國力和國際影響力領先的國家。
The long-term goal is divided into two steps. The first step is from 2020 to 2035, with a further 15 years of hard work, we will basically realize socialist modernization. By then Chinas per capita GDP is expected to exceed 20,000$. The second step is from 2035 to 2050, we will develop China into a great modern socialist country. Modernization of China』s system and capacity for governance will be achieved. China will become a leading country in terms of comprehensive national strength and international influence. Some scholars estimated that, calculated on the basis of per capita GDP, China should reach 40,000$ to 50,000$ at that time.
由此可見，中國道路的特點之三，就是每一個大的驛站前方都有清楚的方向牌、里程數，每輛車裡也有導航儀。中國人善於做規劃更善於落實規劃，我們用一年、五年、十年的規劃來兼顧現實和長遠的目標，讓民族復興的中國夢凝聚全民族的意志，因為只有集中力量和資源才能辦成大事。
Thus, it can be seen that the third characteristic of the Chinese Path is that every major post on the way has a clear guiding card and mileage meter in the front, and there is a navigator in each car. The Chinese people are good at making plans and better at implementing plans. We have plans of one year, five years and ten years to balance the reality and long-term goals, which will make the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation united the whole nation. Only by concentrating strength and resources can we achieve large undertakings.
阿富汗朋友經常向我表達在上海、北京等地參觀時的讚歎，認為中國已經是發達國家，是世界級的強國了。我很坦率地告訴他們，這個觀感並不準確，如果他們今後到中國西部和鄉村去看一看，一定會有更全面的認識。十9大報告指出，中國還處於社會主義初級階段，仍是世界上最大的發展中國家。目前中國人均GDP排世界第70位，即使達到人均1.2萬美元，也僅排在全球第60位左右，僅相當於今天美國的四分之一。中國脫貧攻堅任務艱巨，還有3000萬人需要在未來3年內脫貧，接近於阿富汗全國人口。中國發展質量和效益還不高，創新能力不夠強，老百姓在就業、教育、醫療、居住、養老等方面面臨不少難題。中國社會矛盾和問題交織疊加，生態環境保護任重道遠，國家安全面臨新情況，外部環境也存在諸多不確定性。對中國不友善或心存偏見，想把中國搞垮、搞亂、搞分裂的，在國際上還大有人在。
Afghan friends often express their admiration after visiting Shanghai, Beijing and other Chinese cities. They believed that China has already been a developed country and a world leading power. But I told them very frankly that this perception is not accurate. If they visited the western part and countryside of China, they will surely have a more comprehensive understanding about my country. The report of the 19th National Congress of the CPC pointed out, China is still and will long remain in its primary stage of socialism. China is still the largest developing country in the world. At present, China』s per capita GDP only ranks 70th in the world, even if reaching 12,000$ per capita, it is still only around one quarter of the U.S and ranks 60th in the world. It is an arduous task for China to win the battle against poverty. China still have 30 million people, which is about the entire Afghan population, waiting to be lifted out of poverty in the next three years. Our development quality and efficiency are still not high enough. Our innovation ability is also not strong enough. Our people are still facing many difficulties in employment, education, health-care, housing, elderly care and etc. Social contradictions and problems are intertwined, and there is a long way to go in protecting the environment. We also have new developments in national security, and many uncertainties in external environment. Some people are still unfriendly or prejudicial to China, and even want to break down, mess up and split China.
正因為如此，中國道路的特點之四是它不是一條順風順水的路，而是一條面臨很多困難和挑戰的路，需要攻堅克難，砥礪前行，保持定力和清醒頭腦，不為毀譽所動。中國不可能承擔像發達國家那樣的對外援助責任，不可能做超越國力的事情。中國大有大的難處，大有大的樣子。中國在國內和國外要辦的事情很多，每擠出一塊錢援助他國，都是不容易的。這一點需要阿富汗等發展國家的朋友們給予充分理解。
For all these reasons, the Chinese Path has the fourth characteristic that it will not be a road running smoothly, but a road facing huge difficulties and challenges. China needs to forge ahead to overcome difficulties, stay focused and keep a clear mind, be itself in front of praise and blame. It』s not realistic to assume China to take up the foreign aiding responsibility like those developed countries or do something beyond its national strength. As a big power, China has big responsibility; as a big country, China has its own challenge. There are so many things that China needs to do both at home and abroad. It is not easy for this developing country to offer limited resources to help other countries. This should be fully understood by friends in developing countries including Afghanistan.
中國的發展離不開和平的國際環境和穩定的國際秩序，為此中國發展全球夥伴關係，推進大國協調與合作，希望發展健康穩定的中美關係，按親誠惠容理念深化同阿富汗等周邊國家關係，歡迎各方搭乘中國發展的快車或便車。未來5年，中國將進口10萬億美元的商品和服務，吸收6000億美元的外來投資，對外投資總額將達到7500億美元，出境旅遊將達到7億人次，這將給世界各國帶來巨大的收益。
China can not develop without a peaceful international environment and a stable international order. To this end, China has been actively exploring its global partnerships, promoting coordination and cooperation with other major countries and hoping to develop a healthy and stable Sino-US Relations, deepening relations with its neighbors including Afghanistan in accordance with the principle of amity, sincerity, mutual benefit, and inclusiveness. China welcomes all parties to take the express train or free ride of China』s development. In the next five years, China will import 10 trillion U.S. dollars goods and services, absorb 600 billion U.S. dollars foreign investments, and have a total foreign investment of 750 billion U.S. Dollars. Chinese tourists going abroad will also reach 700 million. All these will bring tremendous benefits to the world.
中國正推進自身特色的大國外交，積極做世界和平的建設者、全球發展的貢獻者、國際秩序的維護者。中國不會只關注自身穩定和發展，而會進一步發揮負責任大國作用，不斷貢獻中國智慧、中國方案和中國力量，積极參与全球治理體系改革和建設，積极參与包括阿富汗問題在內的國際熱點的外交斡旋與政治解決。
China is pursuing major-country diplomacy with its own features, actively struggling to be a world peace keeper, global development contributor, and international order defender. Instead of merely focusing on its own stability and development, China will continue to play its part as a major and responsible country, keep contributing Chinese wisdom, solution and strength to global governance, take an active part in reforming and developing the global governance system, and actively participate in diplomatic mediation and political settlement of international hot spot issues such as Afghan affairs.
中國強調奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，奉行防禦性國防政策，走和平發展道路，永遠不稱霸，不搞擴張，不強加於人，不干涉別國內政，不會以犧牲別國利益為代價來發展自己。這些源於中國文化傳統、內化於中囯人血液並行之有效的原則，只會隨著中國強大而得到鞏固和發揚。
China emphasizes pursuing an self-independent foreign policy of peace, upholding an open and win-win strategy, pursuing a defensive national defense policy and following the path of peaceful development. China will never seek hegemony or engage in expansion, or impose its own will to others, and will never interfere in another countries internal affairs, or pursue development at the expense of others』 interests. These are effective principles, stemming from Chinese cultural traditions and internalized in Chinese blood, will only be consolidated and carried forward with the rising of China.
為此，中國道路的特點之五是，這是一條構建新型國際關係和人類命運共同體的道路，弘揚的是相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏，對話不對抗，結伴不結盟的精神。這是國際和平發展事業的強音，是廣大發展中國家的福音。
Thus, the fifth characteristic of the Chinese Path is that it is a road to forge a new type of international relations and a community of shared future for all mankind. It carries forward the spirit of mutual respect, fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation. It features the principles of communication instead of confrontation, partnership instead of alliance. It is a strong note of the cause of international peace and development and a gospel for all developing countries.
中國共產Dang已經將「一帶Yi路」建設寫入黨章，中國正全力推進「一帶Yi路」建設，努力實現政策溝通、設施聯通、貿易暢通、資金融通、民心相通，打造國際合作新平台。「一帶Yi路」之所以成為當今世界最受歡迎的公共產品，在於抓住了發展赤字、治理赤字與和平赤字這些國際社會的主要矛盾，抓住了發展這個最大公約數，激活了有關國家復興古老絲綢之路的夢想。「一帶Yi路」有助於提高有效供給，擴大有效需求，促進世界經濟再平衡，為最不發達國家特別是阿富汗這樣的陸鎖國創造通路、商機和就業，有利於阿在全球價值鏈上提升自己的地位。
The Belt and Road Initiative has been written into the Constitution of the CPC. China is making every effort to promote the construction of the Initiative and strive to realize policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration and people-to-people bonds, in the aim of building a new platform for international cooperation. The reason for the Initiative has become a most popular public good in the world today lies in its successful grasping of the principle international contradictions, such as deficit in development, governance and peace. It upholds development as the largest common denominator of the world, and activate relevant countries』 dream to rejuvenate the Silk Road. The Belt and Road Initiative will expand effective supply and demand, promote the re-balance of the world economy, create access, business opportunities and employment for the least developed countries, especially those landlocked countries such as Afghanistan. It will benefit Afghanistan by improving its position in the global value chain.
目前中國已與包括阿富汗在內80個國家和地區簽署了「一帶Yi路」合作協議，同30多個國家開展了機制化產能合作，在沿線34個國家推進建設75個境外經貿合作區。中國企業對沿線國家投資累計超過500億美元，為有關國家創造了10多億美元稅收和近20萬個就業崗位，包括為阿富汗創造了近千個工作崗位。中國支持阿富汗推進地區經濟合作與互聯互通的努力，中國企業已經參與到一些項目之中。
Today, China has signed cooperation agreements on the Belt and Road Initiative with 80 countries and regions including Afghanistan, started institutionalized capacity cooperation with over 30 countries and promoted the building of 75 overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in 34 countries along the route. Chinese enterprises have invested over 50 billion U.S. dollars in countries along the route and increased tax revenues by more than 10 billion U.S. dollars and created nearly 200,000 employments for relevant countries, including nearly 1,000 jobs in Afghanistan. China supports Afghan efforts of promoting regional economic cooperation and connectivity. Chinese enterprises have already participated in some projects.
實踐證明，中國道路與「一帶Yi路」相互支持，不僅是中國人走上安康富裕的道路，也是中國與周邊國家命運與共、共同發展的康庄大道。這是新時代中國道路的特點之六。
Practice has proved that the Chinese Path and the Belt and Road Initiative support each other. Chinese Path is not only a path for the Chinese people to embark on prosperous life, but also a broad road of shared future and common prosperity for China and its neighboring countries. This is the sixth characteristic of the Chinese Path in the new era.
我一再向阿富汗朋友講，中國不輸入外國模式，也不會輸出中國模式。「鞋子合不合腳，自己穿了才知道。任何一種道路都不可能適用於所有國家，任何一國都需要立足自身力量，走出一條符合自身國情的道路。我只想強調，中國道路不僅僅是中國人的驕傲，因為它拓展了發展中國家走向現代化的途徑，給世界上那些既希望發展又希望保持自身獨立性的國家提供了全新和更多選擇。我們歡迎阿富汗朋友多到中國走走看看，研究和對比中國道路，進而為中、阿兩國下一步的發展提供中肯的建議。
I have repeatedly told my Afghan friends that China will not import foreign models nor export Chinese model. 「Only the foot knows whether the shoe fits or not」. We can never find a model that can be applied to all countries. Each country should find its development model that suitable to their national conditions based on its own strength. I just want to emphasize that the Chinese Path is not just the pride of China, because it not only expands the path for other developing countries to modernization, but also offers more new options for those nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence. We welcome more Afghan friends to go and look around in China, study and make comparison of the Chinese Path, and then provide pertinent suggestions for China and Afghan』s development.
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