SH20翻譯：在馬克思墓前的講話 (恩格斯)

04-29

Translation: Speech at Karl Marxs Funeral(Friedrich Von Engels)

(assembled by: alexcwlin; reviewed by: Adam Lam)

3月14日下午兩點三刻，當代最偉大的思想家停止思想了。

On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in theafternoon, the greatest living thinker ceased to think.

讓他一個人留在房裡不過兩分鐘，當我們進去的時候，便發現他在安樂椅上安靜地睡著了--但已經是永遠地睡著了。

He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes,and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone tosleep-but forever.

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這個人的逝世，對於歐美戰鬥的無產階級，對於歷史科學，都是不可估量的損失。

An immeasurable loss has been sustained both by themilitant proletariat of Europe and America, and by historical science, in thedeath of this man.

這位巨人逝世以後所形成的空白，不久就會使人感覺到。

The gap that has been left by the departure of thismighty spirit will soon enough make itself felt.

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正像達爾文發現有機界的發展規律一樣，馬克思發現了人類歷史的發展規律，即歷來為紛繁蕪雜的意識形態所掩蓋著的一個簡單事實：人們首先必須吃、喝、住、穿，然後才能從事政治、科學、藝術、宗教等等。所以，直接的物質的生活資料的生產，從而一個民族或一個時代的一定的經濟發展階段，便構成基礎，人們的國家設施、法的觀點、藝術以至宗教觀念，就是從這個基礎上發展起來的。因而，也必須由這個基礎來解釋，而不是像過去那樣做得相反。

Just as Darwin discovered the law of development oforganic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: thesimple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind mustfirst of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursuepolitics, science, art, religion, etc.; that therefore the production of theimmediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economicdevelopment attained by a given people or during a given epoch form thefoundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, andeven the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and inthe light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of viceversa, as had hitherto been the case.

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不僅如此。

But that is not all.

馬克思還發現了現代資本主義生產方式和它所產生的資產階級社會的特殊的運動規律。

Marx also discovered the special law of motiongoverning the present-day capitalist mode of production and the bourgeoissociety that this mode of production has created.

由於剩餘價值的發現，這裡就豁然開朗了，而先前無論資產階級經濟學家或社會主義批評家所做的一切都只是在黑暗中摸索。

The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw lighton the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of bothbourgeois economists and socialist critics, had been groping in the dark.

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一生中能有這樣兩個發現，該是很夠了，

Two such discoveries would be enough for onelifetime.

即使只要能作出一個這樣的發現，也已經是幸福的了。

Happy the man to whom it is granted to make evenone such discovery.

但是馬克思在他所研究的每一個領域，甚至在數學領域，都有獨到的發現，這樣的領域是很多的，而且其中任何一個領域他都不是淺嘗輒止。

But in every single field which Marx investigated-- and he investigated very many fields, none of them superficially -- in everyfield, even in that of mathematics, he made independent discoveries.

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他作為科學家就是這樣。

Such was the man of science.

但是這在他身上遠不是主要的。

But this was not even half the man.

在馬克思看來，科學是一種在歷史上起推動作用的、革命的力量。

Science was for Marx a historically dynamic,revolutionary force.

任何一門理論科學中的每一個新發現——它的實際應用也許還根本無法預見——都使馬克思感到衷心喜悅，而當他看到那種對工業、對一般歷史發展產生革命影響的發現的時候，他的喜悅就非同尋常了。

However great the joy with which he welcomed a newdiscovery in some theoretical science whose practical application perhaps itwas as yet quite impossible to envisage, he experienced quite another kind ofjoy when the discovery involved immediate revolutionary changes in industry andin historical development in general.

例如，他曾經密切地注視馬賽爾·德普勒的發現。

For example, he followed closely the development ofthe discoveries made in the field of electricity and recently those of MarcelDeprez.

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因為馬克思首先是一個革命家。

For Marx was before all else a revolutionist.

他畢生的真正使命,就是以這種或那種方式參加推翻資本主義社會及其所建立的國家設施的事業，參加現代無產階級的解放事業，正是他第一次使現代無產階級意識到自身的地位和需要,意識到自身解放的條件。

His real mission in life was to contribute, in oneway or another, to the overthrow of capitalist society and of the stateinstitutions which it had brought into being, to contribute to the liberationof the modern proletariat, which he was the first to make conscious of its ownposition and its needs, conscious of the conditions of its emancipation.

鬥爭是他的生命要素。

Fighting was his element.

很少有人像他那樣滿腔熱情、堅韌不拔和卓有成效地進行鬥爭。

And he fought with a passion, a tenacity and asuccess such as few could rival.

最早的《萊因報》（1842年），巴黎的《前進報》（1844年），《德意志－布魯塞爾報》（1847年），《新萊茵報》（1848－1849年），《紐約每日論壇報》（1852－1861年），以及許多富有戰鬥性的小冊子，在巴黎、布魯塞爾和倫敦各組織中的工作，最後，作為全部活動的頂峰，創立偉大的國際工人協會，——老實說，協會的這位創始人即使別的什麼也沒有做，單憑這一結果也可以自豪。

His work on the first RheinischeZeitung (1842), the Paris Vorw?rts! (1844), Br?sselerDeutsche Zeitung (1847), the Neue Rheinische Zeitung (1848-49),the New York Tribune (1852-61), and in addition to these a host ofmilitant pamphlets, work in organisations in Paris, Brussels and London, andfinally, crowning all, the formation of the great International Working MensAssociation -- this was indeed an achievement of which its founder might wellhave been proud even if he had done nothing else.

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正因為這樣，所以馬克思是當代最遭嫉恨和最受誣衊的人。

And, consequently, Marx was the best-hated and mostcalumniated man of his time.

各國政府——無論專制政府或共和政府，都驅逐他；

Governments, both absolutist and republican,deported him from their territories.

資產者——無論保守派或極端民主派---都競相誹謗他，詛咒他。

Bourgeois, whether conservative orultra-democratic, vied with one another in heaping slanders upon him.

他對這一切毫不在意，把它們當作蛛絲一樣輕輕拂去，只是在萬不得已時才給以回敬。

All this he brushed aside as though it were cobweb,ignoring it, answering only when extreme necessity compelled him.

現在他逝世了，在整個歐洲和美洲，從西伯利亞礦井到加利福尼亞，千百萬革命戰友無不對他表示尊敬、愛戴和悼念。而我可以大膽地說:他可能有過許多敵人，但未必有一個私敵。

And he died beloved, revered and mourned bymillions of revolutionary fellow-workers -- from the mines of Siberia toCalifornia, in all parts of Europe and America -- and I make bold to say thatthough he may have had many opponents he had hardly one personal enemy.

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他的英名和事業將永垂不朽！

His name will endure through the ages, and so alsowill his work!"

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恩格斯寫於1883年

Engels written in 1883.

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附註：

(1) Source of EnglishVersion

The English portion is a version foundon the internet.