PSCAD之LV4,如何使用架空線路 / 分布參數線路
0.導讀
寫在最前面的,當然是提綱挈領的廢話。凡是商品都有目標人群,文章也該如此,一篇文章寫了什麼,是寫給誰看的,看完之後會起到什麼作用,應該是作者在一開始就簡明扼要的提出的,否則讀者讀了文章發現毫無用處,作者挨罵,讀者無獲,皆不歡喜。
在這篇文章中我們將使用架空線路 / 分布參數線路來搭建一個簡單的電力網路,如圖1所示。
如果你把這篇文章看做一個副本,那麼打副本前你需要的準備有:
- 一個激活過pscad的計算機
- LV3
- 一顆想要學習pscad的心
打完副本後你將獲得:
- 架空線路 / 分布參數線路的使用經驗
- LV4
在第三個副本中,有四個小boss,它們分別是:
- 添加線路外部埠模型並修改參數
- 添加線路內部埠模型並修改參數
- 添加線路的定義標籤
- 添加線路的幾何模型
這次常式不好直接觀察效果,下一次實驗將會以在三相線路中加入斷路器和故障,利用示波器觀察效果。
1.添加線路外部埠模型並修改參數
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 1 - COPY THIS TLINE INTERFACE COMPONENT INTO YOUR CIRCUIT
(or use right button menu - Add Component | TLine | Interface)
- Enter a Line Name and # of Conductors by double-clicking on it.
- This name must be unique for this circuit.
- Copy this component to the other end of the line.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取Tline模型,添加線路外部埠模型,如圖1-1所示,圖中上面為三相線路,下面為單相線路。添加外部埠後要修改的參數有:
- 線路名稱(必須和電路中其他元件不一樣,默認名稱為Tline)
2.添加線路內部埠模型並修改參數
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 2 - COPY THIS TLINE CONFIGURATION COMPONENT INTO YOUR CIRCUIT.
(or use right button menu - Add Component | TLine | Configuration)
- Double-click on the component and enter the same name as in STEP 1.
- Enter Line length, steady state frequency and # of Conductors.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取Tline模型,添加線路內部埠模型,如圖2-1所示,圖中上面為三相線路,下面為單相線路。添加內部埠後要修改的參數有:
- 線路名稱(必須和上一步添加的外部埠模型一致)
- 穩定狀態頻率:波在線路上多次折反射後趨於穩定的頻率,這個頻率 越高,波經過線路的一次傳輸時間 就越小,波在線路上的折反射過渡過程(趨於穩定)的總時間也越少。因此, 值越大,計算時間越少,但波過程的計算效果越差。所以應儘可能取小值。當線路長度小於990Km, 可取0
- 線路長度:即輸電線的長度
3.添加線路的定義標籤
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 3 - OPEN THE TLINE CONFIGURATION SUB-PAGE BY CLICKING ON "Edit Configuration".
- Copy desired Line Constants Components onto this sub-page
as outlined below in STEPS 4 - 5:
STEP 4 - SELECT A LINE MODEL AND OPTIONS
- Only one of the following must be copied to the edit sub-page.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
先從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取線路模型的「定義標籤」並複製、粘貼到打開的「Edit「界面,如圖3-1所示。其中:「定義標籤」有「 Bergeron-貝傑龍「 模型(一般線路選用),另外2個為相頻模型、頻模模型。本常式選用貝傑龍模型。
Bergeron-貝傑龍「 模型如圖3-2所示,
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Bergeron Model is a very simple, constant frequency model based on travelling waves.
It is useful for studies where it is most important to get the correct steady state impedance/admittance of the line or cable, but should not be used where the transient or harmonic behaviour is important.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
貝傑龍模型是一個非常簡單的,頻率為常數的基於行波的模型。對於只需要研究線路的穩定阻抗該模型非常有效,但是該模型不適用於線路的暫態情況和諧波情況。
相頻模型如圖3-3所示。
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fre-Dep (Phase) Model uses curve fitting to duplicate the frequency response of a line or cable. It is the most advanced time domain model available as it represents the full frequency dependence of all line parameters (including the effect of a frequency dependent transform).
It is useful for studies wherever the transient or harmonic behaviour of the line or cable is important.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
相頻模型用曲線擬合來複現線路或電纜的頻率回聲。它考慮了所有和頻率相關的線路參數,是目前為止最先進的時域分析。
該模型適用於線路的暫態情況和諧波情況。
頻模模型如圖3-4所示。
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Fre-Dep (Mode) Model uses curve fitting to duplicate the frequency response of a line or cable. This model approximates the phase to mode transformation as a constant.
It is useful for studies wherever the transient or harmonic behaviour of the line or cable is important. It works very well for 1 conductor lines, 2 horizontal conductors, or for an ideally transposed line geometry. It should not be used for untransposed or when multiple towers are modelled on the same right of way.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.添加線路的幾何模型
官方說明如下:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STEP 5 - SELECT A DATA ENTRY METHOD
1) Select either the Manual Entry Component
OR
2) Select the Ground Component and the Required
Tower Components and copy to the edit
sub-page for the specific line you are editing.
Data is entered by double clicking on each object
(such as Ground, a Tower...).
Notes:
- Remember to enter conductor phasing information.
- The numbering of the conductor graphics (C1-Cn) corresponds
to the numbering in the connections to the electrical circuit.
- This numbering can be altered by modifying the phasing
information in each tower component.
- If Ground Wires are not eliminated, then the phasing
information for them must also be entered.
- When multiple towers are used on the same line,
remember to enter the relative X-distance of the tower centre
on the right of way.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
先從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取線路模型的「幾何標籤」並複製、粘貼到打開的「Edit「界面,如圖4所示。其中:「幾何標籤」有「手冊式「 模型(僅僅適用於貝傑龍模型),和地塔式兩大種。本常式選用地塔式。
總結
如果你點擊模擬按鈕,彈出警告或error,那說明你的電路連接有誤或者有斷點或者有其他問題,需要按照教程重新檢查電路;如果你點擊模擬按鈕,沒有彈出錯誤警告,那麼恭喜你,已經成功打倒boss,升到LV4了!
為了方便閱讀,筆者特將該系列文章的目錄復於下方。
李雲浩:PSCAD快速入門總覽
推薦閱讀:
※國土三調軟體技術研討會在濟南成功召開
※一個無比好用的 FTP 軟體 - FTPRush
※破解版有什麼優點?
※SaaS軟體真的能幹掉C/S軟體嗎?
※不用紙和筆,一樣能搞定超萌手繪風PPT!