PSCAD之LV4,如何使用架空線路 / 分布參數線路

0.導讀

寫在最前面的,當然是提綱挈領的廢話。凡是商品都有目標人群,文章也該如此,一篇文章寫了什麼,是寫給誰看的,看完之後會起到什麼作用,應該是作者在一開始就簡明扼要的提出的,否則讀者讀了文章發現毫無用處,作者挨罵,讀者無獲,皆不歡喜。

在這篇文章中我們將使用架空線路 / 分布參數線路來搭建一個簡單的電力網路,如圖1所示。

圖1

如果你把這篇文章看做一個副本,那麼打副本前你需要的準備有:

  • 一個激活過pscad的計算機
  • LV3
  • 一顆想要學習pscad的心

打完副本後你將獲得:

  • 架空線路 / 分布參數線路的使用經驗
  • LV4

在第三個副本中,有四個小boss,它們分別是:

  1. 添加線路外部埠模型並修改參數
  2. 添加線路內部埠模型並修改參數
  3. 添加線路的定義標籤
  4. 添加線路的幾何模型

這次常式不好直接觀察效果,下一次實驗將會以在三相線路中加入斷路器和故障,利用示波器觀察效果。

1.添加線路外部埠模型並修改參數

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STEP 1 - COPY THIS TLINE INTERFACE COMPONENT INTO YOUR CIRCUIT

(or use right button menu - Add Component | TLine | Interface)

- Enter a Line Name and # of Conductors by double-clicking on it.

- This name must be unique for this circuit.

- Copy this component to the other end of the line.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取Tline模型,添加線路外部埠模型,如圖1-1所示,圖中上面為三相線路,下面為單相線路。添加外部埠後要修改的參數有:

  • 線路名稱(必須和電路中其他元件不一樣,默認名稱為Tline)

圖1-1

2.添加線路內部埠模型並修改參數

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STEP 2 - COPY THIS TLINE CONFIGURATION COMPONENT INTO YOUR CIRCUIT.

(or use right button menu - Add Component | TLine | Configuration)

- Double-click on the component and enter the same name as in STEP 1.

- Enter Line length, steady state frequency and # of Conductors.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取Tline模型,添加線路內部埠模型,如圖2-1所示,圖中上面為三相線路,下面為單相線路。添加內部埠後要修改的參數有:

圖2-1

  • 線路名稱(必須和上一步添加的外部埠模型一致)
  • 穩定狀態頻率:波在線路上多次折反射後趨於穩定的頻率,這個頻率 f 越高,波經過線路的一次傳輸時間 	au =frac {l}{v}=frac {1} {f} 就越小,波在線路上的折反射過渡過程(趨於穩定)的總時間也越少。因此, f 值越大,計算時間越少,但波過程的計算效果越差。所以應儘可能取小值。當線路長度小於990Km, f 可取0
  • 線路長度:即輸電線的長度

3.添加線路的定義標籤

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STEP 3 - OPEN THE TLINE CONFIGURATION SUB-PAGE BY CLICKING ON "Edit Configuration".

- Copy desired Line Constants Components onto this sub-page

as outlined below in STEPS 4 - 5:

STEP 4 - SELECT A LINE MODEL AND OPTIONS

- Only one of the following must be copied to the edit sub-page.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

先從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取線路模型的「定義標籤」並複製、粘貼到打開的「Edit「界面,如圖3-1所示。其中:「定義標籤」有「 Bergeron-貝傑龍「 模型(一般線路選用),另外2個為相頻模型、頻模模型。本常式選用貝傑龍模型。

圖3-1

Bergeron-貝傑龍「 模型如圖3-2所示,

圖3-2

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Bergeron Model is a very simple, constant frequency model based on travelling waves.

It is useful for studies where it is most important to get the correct steady state impedance/admittance of the line or cable, but should not be used where the transient or harmonic behaviour is important.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

貝傑龍模型是一個非常簡單的,頻率為常數的基於行波的模型。對於只需要研究線路的穩定阻抗該模型非常有效,但是該模型不適用於線路的暫態情況和諧波情況。

相頻模型如圖3-3所示。

圖3-3

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Fre-Dep (Phase) Model uses curve fitting to duplicate the frequency response of a line or cable. It is the most advanced time domain model available as it represents the full frequency dependence of all line parameters (including the effect of a frequency dependent transform).

It is useful for studies wherever the transient or harmonic behaviour of the line or cable is important.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

相頻模型用曲線擬合來複現線路或電纜的頻率回聲。它考慮了所有和頻率相關的線路參數,是目前為止最先進的時域分析。

該模型適用於線路的暫態情況和諧波情況。

頻模模型如圖3-4所示。

圖3-4

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Fre-Dep (Mode) Model uses curve fitting to duplicate the frequency response of a line or cable. This model approximates the phase to mode transformation as a constant.

It is useful for studies wherever the transient or harmonic behaviour of the line or cable is important. It works very well for 1 conductor lines, 2 horizontal conductors, or for an ideally transposed line geometry. It should not be used for untransposed or when multiple towers are modelled on the same right of way.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.添加線路的幾何模型

官方說明如下:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STEP 5 - SELECT A DATA ENTRY METHOD

1) Select either the Manual Entry Component

OR

2) Select the Ground Component and the Required

Tower Components and copy to the edit

sub-page for the specific line you are editing.

Data is entered by double clicking on each object

(such as Ground, a Tower...).

Notes:

- Remember to enter conductor phasing information.

- The numbering of the conductor graphics (C1-Cn) corresponds

to the numbering in the connections to the electrical circuit.

- This numbering can be altered by modifying the phasing

information in each tower component.

- If Ground Wires are not eliminated, then the phasing

information for them must also be entered.

- When multiple towers are used on the same line,

remember to enter the relative X-distance of the tower centre

on the right of way.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

先從master庫到More on Transmission Lines單元中選取線路模型的「幾何標籤」並複製、粘貼到打開的「Edit「界面,如圖4所示。其中:「幾何標籤」有「手冊式「 模型(僅僅適用於貝傑龍模型),和地塔式兩大種。本常式選用地塔式。

總結

如果你點擊模擬按鈕,彈出警告或error,那說明你的電路連接有誤或者有斷點或者有其他問題,需要按照教程重新檢查電路;如果你點擊模擬按鈕,沒有彈出錯誤警告,那麼恭喜你,已經成功打倒boss,升到LV4了!

為了方便閱讀,筆者特將該系列文章的目錄復於下方。

李雲浩:PSCAD快速入門總覽?

zhuanlan.zhihu.com圖標
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