漢英對照：全面把握中國特色社會主義進入新時代

04-27

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全面把握中國特色社會主義進入新時代

Socialism with Chinese Characteristics Has Entered a New Era: A Comprehensive Analysis

栗戰書

Li Zhanshu

中國特色社會主義進入了新時代，這是黨的十九大作出的一個重大政治判斷。這一判斷，明確了我國發展新的歷史方位，賦予黨的歷史使命、理論遵循、目標任務以新的時代內涵，為我們深刻把握當代中國發展變革的新特徵，增強貫徹落實習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想的自覺性和堅定性，提供了時代坐標和科學依據。

A major political determination was announced at the 19th National Congress of the CPC: socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. This specifies the new historical juncture in China』s development, endowing the Party』s historic mission, theoretical guideline, goals, and tasks with new currency. It also identifies the temporal context and scientific basis that enable us to fully appreciate the new features of contemporary China』s development and reform, and apply Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era in a more purposeful and determined manner.

一、中國特色社會主義進入新時代的基本依據

I. Basic evidence that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era

中國共產黨是順應時代潮流誕生的，也是在把握時代脈搏的歷史進程中發展、壯大和成熟的。在當代中國，堅持和發展中國特色社會主義，必須把握時代特點、直面時代課題，在體現時代性、把握規律性、富於創造性中不斷展現蓬勃的生機活力。中國特色社會主義進入了新時代這一重大政治判斷，正是在準確把握我國發展所處新的歷史方位基礎上作出的，具有充分的時代依據、理論依據和實踐依據。

The CPC was born in response to the trend of the times; its development, growth, and maturation have also been in conformity with the trend of the times. In today』s China, to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, it is essential that we understand the peculiarities of the current era and confront contemporary issues, so that Chinese socialism will continue to show strong vitality while embodying the spirit of the times, reflecting a mastery of the laws of development, and demonstrating creativity. With an accurate grasp of this new historical juncture in China』s development, our Party has made the major political determination that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, a determination with solid temporal, theoretical, and practical underpinnings.

這一判斷首先基於中國特色社會主義進入新的發展階段。黨的十八大以來，以習近平同志為核心的黨中央科學把握國內外發展大勢，順應實踐要求和人民願望，以巨大的政治勇氣和強烈的責任擔當，舉旗定向、謀篇布局，迎難而上、開拓進取，取得改革開放和社會主義現代化建設的歷史性成就，推動黨和國家事業發生歷史性變革。這些變革力度之大、範圍之廣、效果之顯著、影響之深遠，在黨的歷史上、在新中國發展史上、在中華民族發展史上都具有開創性意義。這表明，在新中國成立以來特別是改革開放以來我國發展取得的重大成就基礎上，我國發展站到新的歷史起點上，中國特色社會主義進入新的發展階段。這個新的發展階段，既同改革開放近40年來的發展一脈相承，又有很多與時俱進的新特徵，比如黨的理論創新實現了新飛躍，黨的執政方式和執政方略有重大創新，黨推動發展的理念和方式有重大轉變，我國發展的環境和條件有重大變化，對發展水平和質量的要求比以往更高，等等。科學認識和全面把握中國特色社會主義新的發展階段，需要從新的歷史方位、新的時代坐標來思考來謀劃。

First, this determination is based on the fact that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new stage of development.

Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, the CPC Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core has accurately understood major development trends at home and abroad, and acted in line with practical needs and the people』s wishes. With great political courage and a strong sense of responsibility, the Central Committee has set the direction, made overall plans, and braved challenges with a pioneering spirit. On this basis, it has made historic achievements in reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization, and propelled historic changes in the undertakings of the Party and the country. The high intensity, wide scope, marked effect, and far-reaching impact of these changes are unprecedented in the history of the CPC, the history of the development of the People』s Republic of China (PRC), and the history of the development of the Chinese nation. On the basis of the major achievements made in China』s development since the founding of the PRC in 1949, especially those made since reform and opening-up, it is clear that China』s development has come to a new historical starting point and that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new stage of development. This new stage of development not only runs in continuity with the nearly 40 years of reform and opening-up, but also incorporates many new features of contemporary relevance. For example, it incorporates new breakthroughs in the Party』s theoretical innovations, major innovations in the Party』s methods and principles of governance, major shifts in the principles and models the Party uses to drive development, major changes in the environment and conditions in which China』s development takes place, and higher demands regarding the level and quality of development. In order to correctly understand and fully engage with the new stage of development at which socialism with Chinese characteristics finds itself, we need to make considerations and plans in light of this new historical juncture and temporal context.

這一判斷基於我國社會主要矛盾發生了新變化。黨的十九大提出，我國社會主要矛盾已經由人民日益增長的物質文化需要同落後的社會生產之間的矛盾，轉化為人民日益增長的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發展之間的矛盾。這個論斷，反映了我國發展的實際狀況，揭示了制約我國發展的癥結所在，指明了解決當代中國發展問題的根本著力點。經過改革開放近40年努力，我國穩定解決了十幾億人的溫飽問題，總體上實現了小康，不久將全面建成小康社會，人民美好生活需要日益廣泛，不僅對物質文化生活提出了更高要求，而且在民主、法治、公平、正義、安全、環境等方面的要求日益增長。同時，我國社會生產力水平顯著提高，社會生產能力在很多方面進入世界前列，當前和今後面臨的突出問題是發展不平衡不充分。發展不平衡，主要指各區域各領域各方面發展不夠平衡，制約了全國水平的提升；發展不充分，主要指一些地區、一些領域、一些方面還存在發展不足的問題，發展的任務仍然很重。這已經成為滿足人民美好生活需要的主要制約因素。我國社會主要矛盾發生變化，對我國發展全局必將產生廣泛而深刻的影響。科學認識和全面把握我國社會主要矛盾的變化，也需要從新的歷史方位、新的時代坐標來思考來謀劃。

Second, this determination is based on the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society.

At the 19th National Congress, it was stated that the principal contradiction in Chinese society, which used to be that between the people』s ever-growing material and cultural needs and backward social production, has evolved into that between the people』s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. Regarding China』s development, this statement reflects its realities, reveals its major constraining factors, and identifies the fundamental priorities it faces today. After nearly 40 years of reform and opening-up, China has ensured the basic needs of over a billion people have been met, has basically made it possible for people to make a decent living, and will soon become a moderately prosperous society. Meanwhile, the people have increasingly broad needs to be met for a better life. Not only have they voiced growing material and cultural needs; they also have increased demands regarding democracy, rule of law, fairness and justice, security, and the environment. At the same time, China』s overall productive forces have significantly improved and in many areas the country』s production capacity leads the world. At present and into the future, a prominent problem we need to address is that of unbalanced and inadequate development. Unbalanced development refers to developmental imbalances between different regions, sectors of society, and aspects of those sectors, which have restrained China』s overall development; inadequate development refers to the problem that development in some regions, sectors of society, and aspects of those sectors lags behind, and that much work remains to be done with regard to development. These have become major obstacles to meeting the people』s needs for a better life. The evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society will undoubtedly exert an extensive and profound influence on China』s overall development. In order to correctly understand and fully engage with the evolution of the principal contradiction in Chinese society, we also need to make considerations and plans in light of this new historical juncture and temporal context.

這一判斷同時基於黨的奮鬥目標有了新要求。從黨的十九大到黨的二十大，是「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標的歷史交匯期，我們既要全面建成小康社會、實現第一個百年奮鬥目標，又要乘勢而上開啟全面建設社會主義現代化國家新征程，向第二個百年奮鬥目標進軍，使命光榮、責任重大，有必要進一步進行頂層設計和精心謀劃。黨的十九大綜合分析國際國內形勢和我國發展條件，對決勝全面建成小康社會提出明確要求，將實現第二個百年奮鬥目標分為兩個階段安排。從2020年到2035年，在全面建成小康社會基礎上，再奮鬥15年，基本實現社會主義現代化；在基本實現現代化的基礎上再奮鬥15年，到本世紀中葉把我國建成富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化強國。這是新時代中國特色社會主義發展的戰略安排，不僅使實現「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標的路線圖、時間表更加清晰，而且意味著原定的我國基本實現現代化的目標將提前15年完成，第二個百年奮鬥目標則充實提升為把我國建成富強民主文明和諧美麗的社會主義現代化強國。科學認識和把握這一既鼓舞人心又切實可行的奮鬥目標、宏偉新藍圖，同樣需要從新的歷史方位、新的時代坐標來思考來謀劃。

Third, this determination is also based on a reassessment of the Party』s goals.

The period between the 19th and the 20th national congresses is the period in which the timeframes of the 「Two Centenary Goals」 converge. In this period, not only must we achieve the first centenary goal of becoming a moderately prosperous society; we must also build on this achievement to embark on a new journey toward the second centenary goal of becoming a modern socialist country. This glorious mission and weighty responsibility require further top-level design and meticulous planning. The 19th National Congress conducted a thorough analysis of the international and domestic situations as well as of the conditions in which China』s development is taking place, and outlined specific requirements for securing a decisive victory in becoming a moderately prosperous society, and divided the second centenary goal into two stages. In the first stage from 2020 to 2035, building on the foundation created by the moderately prosperous society, we will work hard for a further 15 years to see that socialist modernization is basically realized; in the second stage from 2035 to the middle of the 21st century, building on having basically achieved modernization, we will work hard for a further 15 years and see that China develops into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. This is our strategic plan for the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the new era. It not only identifies a clearer road map and timetable for realizing the 「Two Centenary Goals,」 but also indicates that China』s original goal of basically achieving modernization will be reached 15 years ahead of schedule, and that the second centenary goal has been enriched and upgraded to developing China into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. In order to correctly understand and engage with this inspiring and feasible goal and this grand, new blueprint, we also need to make considerations and plans in light of this new historical juncture and temporal context.

這一判斷還基於我國面臨的國際環境發生了新變化。世界正處於大發展大變革大調整時期，我國發展仍處於重要戰略機遇期，前景十分光明，挑戰也十分嚴峻。我國正處在從大國走向強國的關鍵時期，「樹大招風」效應日益顯現，外部環境更加複雜，一些國家和國際勢力對我們的阻遏、憂懼、施壓有所增大，這同樣是需要面對的重大問題。現在，我國發展同外部世界的交融性、關聯性、互動性不斷增強，中國正日益走近世界舞台中央。作出中國特色社會主義進入新時代的判斷，也充分考量了國際局勢和周邊環境的新變化。

Fourth, this determination is based on the new changes in the international environment that China faces.

The world is in a period of major development, transformation, and adjustment, and China』s development is still in an important period of strategic opportunity; the prospects are bright, but the challenges are severe. China is at the crucial stage of its transformation from being a large country to becoming a strong one, and this transformation increasingly brings with it the phenomenon whereby success invites detraction. China is confronted with a more complex external environment in which some countries and international forces have become increasingly apprehensive about China, or attempt to contain or coerce it; this is also a major issue that we need to face. China』s development is increasingly integrated, interrelated, and interactive with the outside world, and China is moving closer to center stage. To conclude that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, we have also given full consideration to the new changes in the international situation and our neighboring environment.

總體來說，中國特色社會主義進入了新時代這一重大政治判斷，是在科學把握時代趨勢和國際局勢重大變化，科學把握世情國情黨情深刻變化，科學把握實現「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標歷史交匯期已經遇到、將要遇到、可能遇到和難以預料的新情況新問題新矛盾基礎上作出的。這一判斷，符合中國特色社會主義實際，是改革開放以來我國社會發展進步的必然結果，是我國社會主要矛盾運動的必然結果，更是黨的十八大之後5年來全黨全國人民推進黨和國家事業發生歷史性變革的必然結果，也是我們黨團結帶領全國各族人民開創光明未來的必然要求。

Generally speaking, the major political determination that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era is made on the basis of accurately grasping three key changes. First are the major changes in contemporary trends and in the international situation. Second are the profound developments globally, nationally, and within the Party. Last are the new situations, issues, and conflicts that have been, will be, or might be encountered, or that are unpredictable during the period when we work to realize the 「Two Centenary Goals.」 This determination conforms to the realities of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is the consequent outcome of China』s social progress since reform and opening-up, of the movement of the principal contradiction in Chinese society, and of the historic changes in the undertakings of the Party and the country in the five years following the 18th National Congress; it is also essential for our Party』s efforts to unite all Chinese people and lead them to a bright future.

二、中國特色社會主義進入新時代的主要內涵

II. Major implications of Chinese socialism』s entrance into a new era

中國特色社會主義進入了新時代這一重大政治判斷，既不是憑空產生的，更不是一個簡單的新概念表述，而是具有豐富深厚思想內涵的。

The major political determination that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era has neither emerged out of thin air, nor is it a simplistic new concept. Rather, it contains rich and profound ideas.

這個新時代，是承前啟後、繼往開來、在新的歷史條件下繼續奪取中國特色社會主義偉大勝利的時代。中國特色社會主義是黨和人民96年來奮鬥、創造、積累的根本成就。特別是改革開放以來，我們黨帶領人民走中國特色社會主義道路，極大激發了中國人民的創造力，極大解放和發展了社會生產力，極大增強了社會活力，極大提升了我國國際地位，黨的面貌、國家的面貌、人民的面貌、軍隊的面貌、中華民族的面貌發生了前所未有的變化，社會主義在中國展現出強大生命力。鄧小平同志上個世紀80年代曾經指出：「最終說服不相信社會主義的人要靠我們的發展。如果我們本世紀內達到了小康水平，那就可以使他們清醒一點；到下世紀中葉我們建成中等發達水平的社會主義國家時，就會大進一步地說服他們」。在中國特色社會主義新時代，我們黨治國理政第一位的任務，就是緊緊圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義這個主題，團結帶領人民奮力實現「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標，譜寫中國特色社會主義新的偉大篇章，讓社會主義在中國展現出更加強大的生命力。

First, this new era will be an era of building on past successes to further advance our cause, and of continuing in a new historical context to strive for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the fundamental achievement that our Party and people have made through 96 years of struggle, creation, and accumulation. Especially since reform and opening-up, our Party has led the people in following the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, thus unleashing the creativity of our people, unlocking and developing productive forces, and significantly enhancing the vitality of our society and the international standing of our country. As a result, unprecedented changes have taken place in the very face of the CPC, the country, the people, the military, and the nation, and socialism in China has displayed strong vitality. Deng Xiaoping pointed out in the 1980s, 「Only our achievements in economic development can eventually convince those who do not believe in socialism. If we can become comparatively prosperous by the end of this century, they will be partly convinced, and when we have turned China into a moderately developed socialist country by the middle of the next century, they will be completely convinced.」 In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the number one task of our Party in governing the country is to unite the people and lead them in achieving the 「Two Centenary Goals」 with a firm commitment to upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics, in a bid to write a new, monumental chapter of Chinese socialism and allow socialism in China to display even stronger vitality.

這個新時代，是決勝全面建成小康社會、進而全面建設社會主義現代化強國的時代。黨的十九大圍繞實現「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標，對經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設和生態文明建設等提出明確要求，思想含量、政治含量、改革含量都很大，具有很強的戰略性、前瞻性、針對性。到2020年如期全面建成小康社會，是我們黨向人民、向歷史作出的莊嚴承諾，完成這個目標，今後還有不少難關要過。從現在到2020年，是全面建成小康社會決勝期，決勝就是衝鋒號、就是總動員，必須舉全黨全國之力不懈奮鬥。全面建設社會主義現代化強國，是第二個百年奮鬥目標，更有不少難關要過。從世界發展史看，已經實現現代化的國家和地區，其現代化大多經歷了產業革命以來近300年時間才逐步完成的，而我國要用100年時間走完發達國家幾百年走過的現代化路程，這種轉變不但速度、規模超乎尋常，變化的廣度、深度和難度也超乎尋常。因此，堅忍不拔、鍥而不捨地為全面建成小康社會、全面建設社會主義現代化強國而奮鬥，是中國特色社會主義新時代的必然要求和歷史任務。

Second, this new era will be an era of securing a decisive victory in becoming a moderately prosperous society, and of moving on with all-out efforts to develop into a great modern socialist country.

Regarding the realization of the 「Two Centenary Goals,」 the 19th National Congress set forth clear requirements for progress with regards to the economy, political affairs, culture, society, and the environment. These requirements are forward-looking, targeted, and of strategic importance, with theoretical, political, and reformative implications. Becoming a moderately prosperous society on schedule by 2020 is a solemn promise that our Party has made to our people and to history. There are many difficulties ahead if we are to achieve this goal. The period between now and 2020 will be decisive in becoming a moderately prosperous society; it calls for the concerted and tireless efforts of our whole Party and country. There are also many difficulties ahead if we are to achieve the second centenary goal, which is to fully develop into a great modern socialist country. In world history, of the countries and regions that have already modernized, the majority did so in nearly 300 years following the Industrial Revolution. However, in the space of just one century, China needs to complete a process of modernization that took place over the course of several centuries in developed countries. This is a transition not only of extraordinary speed and scale, but also of extraordinary breadth, depth, and difficulty. Therefore, it is an essential requirement and historic task of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era that we strive to become a moderately prosperous society and a great modern socialist country with resolve and tenacity.

這個新時代，是全國各族人民團結奮鬥、不斷創造美好生活、逐步實現全體人民共同富裕的時代。人民對美好生活的嚮往，始終是我們黨的奮鬥目標。社會主義的本質是解放生產力，發展生產力，消滅剝削，消除兩極分化，最終達到共同富裕。黨的十九大把不斷創造美好生活、逐步實現全體人民共同富裕作為發展的目標和歸宿，體現了以人民為中心的發展思想，體現了我們黨全心全意為人民服務的根本宗旨，體現了中國特色社會主義的本質要求。在中國特色社會主義新時代，我們黨的重大任務，就是更加關注人民對美好生活新的多樣化需求，更加關注社會公平正義，更加註重多謀民生之利、多解民生之憂，著力使全體人民在共建共享發展中有更多獲得感，著力使全體人民享有更加幸福安康的生活，著力在實現全體人民共同富裕上不斷取得實實在在的新進展。

Third, this new era will be an era for the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to work together and work hard to create a better life for themselves and ultimately achieve common prosperity for everyone.

It is the eternal goal of our Party to help the people achieve the better life for which they yearn. The essence of socialism is to liberate and develop productive forces, eradicate exploitation, end polarization, and ultimately realize common prosperity. The 19th National Congress designated the continued efforts to create a better life for the people and the progressive achievement of common prosperity for everyone as the target and ultimate purpose of development. This designation embodies the people-centered philosophy of development, the Party』s fundamental principle of wholeheartedly serving the people, and the requirements intrinsic to socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, a major task of our Party is to pay greater attention to the people』s new, diversified demands for a better life, to social fairness and justice, and to doing more to improve the lives and address the concerns of the people. The focus of such efforts is to see that all our people have a greater sense of fulfillment as they contribute to and gain from development, that they enjoy happier, safer, and healthier lives, and that solid, new progress is made in ensuring common prosperity for everyone.

這個新時代，是全體中華兒女勠力同心、奮力實現中華民族偉大復興中國夢的時代。實現中華民族偉大復興，是鴉片戰爭以來中國人民最偉大的夢想，凝聚了幾代中國人的夙願。新中國的成立，為民族復興奠定了堅實基礎。改革開放這場新的偉大革命，為民族復興注入了強大生機活力。在中國共產黨領導下，中國這個世界上最大的發展中國家創造了人類社會發展史上驚天動地的發展奇蹟，中華民族煥發出新的蓬勃生機。經過黨的十八大以來的歷史性變革，今天我們比歷史上任何時期都更接近、更有信心和能力實現中華民族偉大復興的目標。在中國特色社會主義新時代，凝聚起全體中華兒女同心共築中國夢的磅礴力量，接續奮鬥、砥礪前行，我們就一定能夠到達民族復興的光輝彼岸，中華民族必將以更加昂揚的姿態屹立於世界民族之林。

Fourth, this new era will be an era for all of us, the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation, to strive with one heart to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation.

National rejuvenation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the Opium War of 1840; it embodies the long-cherished hopes of generations of Chinese people. The founding of the PRC laid solid foundations for national rejuvenation, while the great new revolution of reform and opening-up has injected strong vitality into national rejuvenation. Under the leadership of the CPC, China, as the world』s largest developing country, has performed an earth-shaking miracle in the history of human development, with the Chinese nation being infused with new vigor and vitality. Today, due to historic changes that have taken place since the 18th National Congress, we are now closer than ever to realizing the goal of national rejuvenation, as we are more confident and more capable than ever of making this goal a reality. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, by creating a mighty force that enables the sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to realize the Chinese Dream, and through continued efforts to forge ahead, we will surely be able to reach our goal of national rejuvenation, and the Chinese nation will surely become a proud and active member of the community of nations.

這個新時代，是我國日益走近世界舞台中央、不斷為人類作出更大貢獻的時代。當今世界，中國人民的夢想同各國人民的夢想息息相通，實現中國夢離不開和平的國際環境和穩定的國際秩序。在中國特色社會主義新時代，面對國際格局和國際關係的深度調整，面對局部衝突和動蕩頻發、人類需要應對許多共同挑戰的外部環境，我們必須統籌國內國際兩個大局，始終高舉和平、發展、合作、共贏的旗幟，恪守維護世界和平、促進共同發展的外交政策宗旨，牢牢把握構建人類命運共同體的目標追求，始終不渝走和平發展道路、奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，堅持正確義利觀，樹立共同、綜合、合作、可持續的新安全觀，謀求開放創新、包容互惠的發展前景，促進和而不同、兼收並蓄的文明交流，構築尊崇自然、綠色發展的生態體系，始終做世界和平的建設者、全球發展的貢獻者、國際秩序的維護者。歷史上，中國曾為人類文明作出過卓越貢獻。在中國特色社會主義新時代，中國一定能為世界的和平與發展、人類的繁榮與進步作出新的更大貢獻。

Fifth, this new era will be an era that sees China moving closer to the world』s center stage and making greater contributions to humanity.

In today』s world, the dream of the Chinese people is closely connected with the dreams of the peoples of other countries; the Chinese Dream can be realized only in a peaceful international environment and under a stable international order. In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we face profound adjustments in the international landscape and international relations as well as an external environment in which regional conflicts and turmoil frequently take place, and human beings have many common challenges to address. Thus, we must keep in mind both our internal and international imperatives, continue to hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation, and mutual benefit, and uphold our fundamental foreign policy goal of preserving world peace and promoting common development. We will firmly pursue the goal of building a community with a shared future for humanity, stay on the path of peaceful development, and continue to pursue a mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up. We will uphold the greater good while pursuing shared interests, and will foster new thinking on common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security. We will pursue open, innovative, and inclusive development that benefits everyone; boost cross-cultural exchanges characterized by harmony within diversity, inclusiveness, and mutual learning; and cultivate ecosystems based on respect for nature and green development. China will continue its efforts to safeguard world peace, contribute to global development, and uphold international order. Historically, China made great contributions to human civilization. In the new era, it is certain that China is capable of making new and greater contributions to world peace and development and to the prosperity and progress of humanity.

三、中國特色社會主義新時代要有新氣象新作為

III. A new look and new accomplishments required for the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics

中國特色社會主義進入新時代，在中華人民共和國發展史上、中華民族發展史上具有重大意義，在世界社會主義發展史上、人類社會發展史上也具有重大意義。這意味著近代以來久經磨難的中華民族迎來了從站起來、富起來到強起來的偉大飛躍，迎來了實現中華民族偉大復興的光明前景；意味著科學社會主義在21世紀的中國煥發出強大生機活力，在世界上高高舉起了中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟；意味著中國特色社會主義道路、理論、制度、文化不斷發展，拓展了發展中國家走向現代化的途徑，給世界上那些既希望加快發展又希望保持自身獨立性的國家和民族提供了全新選擇，為解決人類問題貢獻了中國智慧和中國方案。

Chinese socialism』s entrance into a new era is of tremendous importance in the history of the development of both the PRC and the Chinese nation. It is also of tremendous importance in the history of the development of international socialism and of human society. What it means is that the Chinese nation, which since modern times had endured so much for so long, has achieved a tremendous transformation: it has stood up, become prosperous, and grown strong; it has come to embrace the brilliant prospects of rejuvenation. It also means that scientific socialism is full of vitality in 21st century China, and that the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics is now flying high and proud for all to see. It means that the path, the theory, the system, and the culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics have kept developing, blazing a trail for other developing countries to achieve modernization. It offers a new option for other countries and nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence; and it offers Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing humanity.

中國特色社會主義進入新時代，對黨和國家工作提出了許多新要求。全黨特別是各級領導幹部要有更高的境界、更強的本領、更優的作風、更好的精神狀態，積極主動順應、銳意開拓進取，創造無愧於新時代的新成就，不斷把中國特色社會主義推向前進。

Chinese socialism』s entrance into a new era makes many new demands on the work of the Party and the country. All Party members, especially officials at all levels, should improve their moral integrity, capability, and conduct and get more motivated. All Party members should actively engage with this new era by forging ahead with a pioneering spirit, and make new achievements that do justice to the new era, in a continued effort to advance socialism with Chinese characteristics.

新時代要有新的思想武裝。習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，同中國特色社會主義進入新時代相適應，是馬克思主義中國化最新成果，是中國特色社會主義理論體系的重要組成部分，是全黨全國人民為實現中華民族偉大復興而奮鬥的行動指南。黨的十九大報告和十九大通過的新黨章把黨的十八大以來黨中央治國理政新理念新思想新戰略概括為習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，並確立為黨必須長期堅持的指導思想，提出用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想武裝全黨的戰略任務，作出在全黨開展「不忘初心、牢記使命」主題教育的戰略部署，其政治意義、理論意義和實踐意義十分重大。我們要以高度的政治責任感和歷史使命感，緊密聯繫新時代中國特色社會主義實踐，深入學習實踐習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想，切實把思想和行動統一到黨的十九大精神上來。要堅持領導幹部帶頭，用習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想武裝全黨，深入領會這一思想的科學體系、精神實質、實踐要求，全面掌握這一思想貫穿的馬克思主義立場觀點方法，大力弘揚理論聯繫實際的優良學風，著力增強學習本領、政治領導本領、改革創新本領、科學發展本領、依法執政本領、群眾工作本領、狠抓落實本領、駕馭風險本領，把黨的科學理論轉化為強大物質力量，更加堅定自覺地為實現黨的歷史使命而奮鬥。

The new era requires arming ourselves with new thoughts.

Conforming to Chinese socialism entering into a new era, Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era is the latest achievement in adapting Marxism to the Chinese context, an important component of the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and a guide to action for all Party members and all the Chinese people as we strive to achieve national rejuvenation. The report to the 19th National Congress and the newly revised CPC Constitution passed at the congress summed up the Central Committee』s new ideas, new thinking, and new strategies for national governance since the 18th National Congress as 「Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era.」 It also defined this thought as a guiding principle that the Party must uphold on a long-term basis. A strategic task has been set to arm the whole Party with Xi Jinping Thought, and a strategic arrangement has been made to launch a campaign under the theme of 「staying true to our founding mission」 throughout our Party, which are of political, theoretical, and practical significance. With a strong awareness of our political responsibility and historic mission, we need to bear in mind the realities of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, study and act on Xi Jinping Thought, and align our thoughts and actions with the guiding principles of the 19th National Congress. By ensuring that officials take the lead, we will arm the whole Party with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, so that all Party members thoroughly understand the scientific system, theoretical essence, and practical requirements of this thought and fully grasp the Marxist standpoints, viewpoints, and methods embodied in this thought. We will vigorously promote our fine tradition of linking theory and practice, and ensure that our Party is good at learning, at exercising political leadership, at advancing reform and innovation, at promoting sound development, at exercising law-based governance, at engaging with the people, at implementing policy, and at managing risks. On this basis, we will turn the Party』s theory into strength, and ensure that our Party members strive to fulfill the Party』s historic mission in a more determined and purposeful manner.

新時代要有新的理念舉措。一方面，中國特色社會主義進入新時代，我國社會主要矛盾的變化，沒有改變我們對我國社會主義所處歷史階段的判斷。我國仍處於並將長期處於社會主義初級階段的基本國情沒有變，我國是世界最大發展中國家的國際地位沒有變。發展仍然是我們黨執政興國的第一要務。必須牢牢把握社會主義初級階段這個基本國情，牢牢立足社會主義初級階段這個最大實際，牢牢堅持黨的基本路線這個黨和國家的生命線、人民的幸福線。另一方面，在中國特色社會主義新時代，隨著我國社會主要矛盾的變化，發展的內涵和重點、理念和方式、環境和條件、水平和要求與過去有很大不同，這就必須更好地貫徹落實新發展理念，針對發展不平衡不充分問題提出新的思路、新的戰略、新的舉措，努力實現更高質量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持續的發展。最根本的，是要全面堅持黨在社會主義初級階段的基本理論、基本路線、基本方略，不斷增強工作的原則性、系統性、預見性、創造性，按照新時代要求在以新的理念舉措不斷推動發展的基礎上，更好解決我國社會出現的各種問題，更好實現各項事業全面發展，更好發展中國特色社會主義事業。

The new era requires new ideas and measures.

On the one hand, China entering a new era and the evolution of the principal contradiction facing Chinese society do not change our assessment of the present stage of socialism in China. The basic dimension of the Chinese context – that our country is still and will long remain in the primary stage of socialism – has not changed. China』s international status as the world』s largest developing country has not changed. Development is still our Party』s top priority in governance. We must be completely clear about this fundamental dimension of our national context, and must base our work on this most important reality – the primary stage of socialism. We must remain fully committed to the Party』s basic line as the source that keeps the Party and the country going and that brings happiness to the people. On the other hand, as the principal contradiction facing Chinese society has evolved, development in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics differs greatly from the past in terms of its meaning, focus, vision, means, environment, conditions, standard, and requirements. This requires that we improve our efforts to implement the new development philosophy, put forward new ways of thinking, new strategies, and new measures for addressing unbalanced and inadequate development, and strive to achieve better quality, more efficient, fairer, and more sustainable development. Most fundamentally, we need to fully implement the Party』s basic theory, line, and policy for the primary stage of socialism, and continue to make our work more principled, systematic, forward-looking, and creative. In line with the requirements for the new era and on the basis of continuing to promote development through new ideas and measures, we will make more effective efforts to resolve various problems in Chinese society, to ensure all-round progress in various initiatives, and to develop the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

新時代要有新的黨風黨貌。在中國特色社會主義新時代，我們黨面臨的「四大考驗」和「四種危險」仍然是長期的、複雜的、尖銳的、嚴峻的，全面從嚴治黨永遠在路上。這就要求我們深入貫徹落實黨的十九大部署，堅持和加強黨的全面領導，努力把黨建設好、建設強，使黨成為始終走在時代前列、人民衷心擁護、勇於自我革命、經得起各種風浪考驗、朝氣蓬勃的馬克思主義執政黨。要把黨的政治建設擺在首位，突出政治建設在黨的建設中的統領地位，把政治建設的要求落實到思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、紀律建設和反腐敗鬥爭中，落實到嚴肅黨內政治生活、完善民主集中制、發展積極健康的黨內政治文化、營造風清氣正的良好政治生態等具體實踐中。黨員幹部要進一步樹立政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，在政治立場、政治方向、政治原則、政治道路上始終同以習近平同志為核心的黨中央保持高度一致，不斷增強忠誠核心、擁戴核心、維護核心的思想自覺和行動自覺，確保黨中央權威和集中統一領導，為新時代堅持和發展中國特色社會主義、實現「兩個一百年」奮鬥目標提供堅強的政治和組織保證。

The new era requires new improvements in the conduct and image of the Party.

In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the 「four tests」 (tests that relate to governance, reform and opening-up, the market economy, and the external environment) and 「four dangers」 (a lack of drive, incompetence, disengagement from the people, inaction and corruption) confronting our Party are still complex, intense, grave, and long-term in nature. Ensuring Party self-governance is exercised fully and strictly is a journey to which there is no end. This requires that we thoroughly implement the arrangements of the 19th National Congress, uphold and strengthen overall Party leadership, and strive to make the Party stronger and more competent, so as to build our Party into a vibrant Marxist governing party that is always at the forefront of the times, enjoys the wholehearted support of the people, has the courage to reform itself, and is able to withstand all tests. We need to give top priority to the Party』s political building, exert its leading role in Party building, and apply the requirements of political building in our initiatives to strengthen the Party』s theory, consolidate its organizations, improve its conduct, enforce its discipline, and combat corruption. The requirements of political building should also be applied in our concrete efforts to carry out political activities within the Party in earnest, improve democratic centralism, develop a positive and healthy political culture in the Party, and foster a healthy political atmosphere of integrity within the Party. Party officials need to strengthen their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and act consistently with the Central Committee policy; closely align themselves with the Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core in terms of political stance, direction, principle, and path; and loyally support and uphold our leadership core through conscious thoughts and actions. On this basis, we will safeguard the authority and centralized, unified leadership of the Central Committee, thus providing strong political and organizational guarantees for upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and achieving the 「Two Centenary Goals.」

2019考研建議閱讀以下內容：