簡明法語 1.1：字母介紹、音標發音

本系列法語教程均翻譯自Lingvist

1. 法語總共有26個字母

Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Uu, Vv, Ww, Xx, Yy, Zz

2. 每個字母的發音取決於

a. 字母上方是否有讀音符號（尖聲 ′，重音 `，抑揚音 ?，母音變音 ¨ ）；

b. 字母本身所處的組合；

c. 音節是開放還是閉合（開放音階以母音結尾，例如ré-pé-té；閉合音節以輔音結尾，例如par-tir）

d. 單詞的來源（一些舶來詞）

3. 母音音標的發音

音標 發音 例子

[i] meet; vie [vi], ?le [il], lycée [lise], ou?e [wi]

[e] say; café [kafe], aimer [eme]

[?] bed; forêt [f???], crème [k??m], meilleur [m?j??]

[a] nut; ami [ami], déjà [de?a] ＃短促一點

[ɑ] father; pate [pɑt], pas [pɑ] ＃稍長一些

[?] silent; petit [p?ti], le [l?]

[?] taught; fort [f??], pomme [p?m] ＃短促一點

[o] job; auto [oto], beau [bo], t?t [to] ＃稍長一些

[u] moon; nous [nu], où [u]

[y] lure; s?r [syr], salut [saly] #有點像「yu」的音

[?] purr; deux [d?], heureux [???]

[?] further; s?ur [s??], leur [l??]

[??] nasal [?]; bien [bj??], main [m??], point [pw??]

[ɑ?] nasal [ɑ]; chance [?ɑ?s], tante [tɑ?t], temps [tɑ?]

[??] nasal [?]; monde [m??d], nombre [n??b?]

[??] nasal [?]; un [??], humble [??bl]

～ 鼻音

4. 輔音音標的發音

音標 發音 例子

[p] p; parler [pa?le], important [??p??tɑ?]

[t] t; toi [twa], petite [p(?)tit]

[k] k; culture [kylty?], question [k?stj??], sac [sak]

[b] b; bon [b??], tomber [t??be]

[d] d; dix [dis], pardon [pa?d??]

[g] g; gar?on [ga?s??], langue [lɑ?g]

[f] f; femme [fam], photo [f?to], parfois [pa?fwa]

[s] s; six [sis], passer [pɑse], cinéma [sinema]

[?] sh; chat [?a], chez [?e]

[v] v; venir [v(?)ni?], rêve [??v]

[z] z; zéro [ze?o], musique [myzik], rose [?oz]

[?] zh; jeune [??n], bonjour [b???u?], génial [?enjal]

[l] l; là [la], belle [b?l]

[?] guttural r; rouge [?u?], arriver [a?ive]

[m] m; merci [m??si], homme [?m]

[n] n; nouveau [nuvo], une [yn]

[?] onion; gagner [ga?e], règne [???], ligne [li?]

[?] ng; camping [kɑ?pi?]

[』]; héros [』e?o], honte [』??t]*

＊ ［』］此處禁用連音和母音：連音是詞尾的輔音和下一個單詞詞首的母音或輕H音的發音，例如les hommes [lez?m]；母音省略是詞尾母音的壓縮，以撇號 』 標記，例如le + homme = lhomme。

5. 半母音音標的發音

音標 發音 例子

[j] y; yeux [j?], fille [fij], dernier [d??nje]

[w] wa; fois [fwa], oui [』wi]

[?] wee; lui [l?i], cuisine [k?izin]