英語句子結構分類講解

英文包含4種句子結構：

Simple 簡單句

Compound 並列複合句

Complex 複雜句

Compound-Complex 混合句

1

Simple Sentences 簡單句

一個簡單句是一個獨立分句，包含一個主語和一個謂語動詞

Computers are important in the modern world.

Formula = SV

但是，簡單句可以包含多個並列主語和謂語動詞()

2 subjects:

Computers and other technological devices are important in the modern world.

Formula = SSV

2 Verbs:

I search for information and play games on my computer.

Formula = SVV

2 subject and 2 verbs:

My brother and I search for information and play games on our computers.

Formula = SSVV

2

Compound Sentences 複合句

一個複合句由2或3個從句組成，它是由分句連接在一起構成。通常由以下的並列連詞連接(本部分在Day2標點符號中已經學習過)：

F = for

A = and

N = nor

B = but

O = or

Y = yet

S = so

可以簡單記憶為：fanboys，其中最常用的並列連詞是and, but, or , so.

例如：

Computers are important, but they can be dangerous too.

Formula = SV but SV

Computers are important, but they can be dangerous too, so we must be careful.

Formula = SV but SV so SV.

注意：避免寫太多的分句，因為這會導致句子很難理解，而且同一個並列連詞不能在一個句子中同時使用2次或者以上來連接分句。

錯誤例句:

Computers are used widely in most countries now, and they are a sign of progress, and we must ensure everyones has access to them.

Incorrect formula = SV and SV and SV. X

修改後:

Computers are used widely in most countries now, and they are a sign of progress. We must ensure everyones has access to them.

Formula = SV and SV. SV.

Computers are used widely in most countries now, and they are a sign of progress, so must ensure everyones has access to them.

Formula = SV and SV so SV.

使用分號

當兩個分句意思相關聯，可以不用並列連詞，使用分號連接兩個分句

例如:

Computers are used widely in most countires; they are a sign of progress.

3

Complex Sentences 複雜句

複雜句是兩個或以上的從句通過從屬連詞連接組成，常見從屬連詞如下：

after

even if

unless

For example:

People take natural health supplements even though they may not have been tested.

Our children may not be properly educated if we dont spend more on schools.

I went to bed as soon as he left because I was tired.

狀語從句：主句在前從句在後，不用加逗號

Even though they may not have been tested, people take natural health supplements.

If we dont spend more on schools, our children may not be properly educated.

As soon as he left, I went to bed because I was tired.

01

Adverbial Clauses 狀語從句

狀語從句主要是用來回答：為什麼？如何做？什麼時候？什麼地方？ how? why? when? where?

常見的從屬連詞(subordinating conjunction)如下：

because

although

if

until

while

when

even though

as

綠色代表主語；藍色代表動詞

Some experiments on animals give us the wrong result because animals』 bodies are not exactly the same as our own.

SV subordinating conjunction SV

Some experiments on animals give us the wrong result

------ 獨立主句 ------

...because animals bodies are not exactly the same as our own.

------ 獨立從句 ------

從句在前，主句在後的時候，需要加上逗號:

Because animals』 bodies are not exactly the same as our own, some experiments on animals give us the wrong result.

subordinating conjunction SV, SV

例如：

Even though he arrived late, he did not apologize.

Pollution will get worse if car emissions are not reduced.

While the number of people going to Japan increased, the number going to the UK decreased.

I dont know when he will arrive.

02

Relative Clauses 定語從句

定語從句也稱之為關係從句，分為限定性和非限定性，也是由主句和從句構成，定語從句通常用來修飾一個名詞，常用的關係代詞有 who, which, that, where

例如:

Animal experimentation, which is legal in most countries, should be banned.

Animals experimentation should be banned.

------ 主句 ------

which is legal in most countries

------ 從句 ------

例如：

A library is a place where you can borrow books.

Global warming is a problem that must be solved.

Obesity, which is the condition of being overweight,affects millions of children.

A person who breaks the law must face serious penalties.

03

Noun Clauses 名詞性從句

名詞從句，主要回答 who，what，和定於從句不同(從句通常修飾一個名詞，即名詞後)，名詞性從句是放在動詞之後。

例如:

What do you think about corruption?

I think that corruptions is wrong and that those guilty of it should be punished.

上面句子有兩個名詞從句，它們是動詞「think」的賓語。

I think

------ 獨立主句 ------

that corruption is wrong

that those guilty of it should be punished

------ 獨立從句 ------

例如：

I agree that capital punishment must be abolished.

I hope that the government intervenes to resolve the situation.

I believe that experimentation on animals is unethical.

通常情況下，名詞性從句，可以將that 省略，例如：

I believe experimentation on animals is unethical.

4

Mixed Sentences 混合句

例如:

I ate a lot when I got home, but I was still hungry.

I ate a lot when I got home, but I was still hungry, so I went shopping to buy some more food.

5

定語從句

Task1 ：

Consumption of pizzas was far higher than hamburgers, which were consumed approximately 5 times a year.

Community contributions, which were the second largest revenue source, brought in 10.4% of overall income, and this was followed by program revenue, at 2.2%.

Task2 ：

CO2, which damages the ozone layer, comes from several sources, but the most problematic are those coming from the burning of fossil fuels from power plants.

Email and social networking sites such as Facebook and MSN have created online communities that are global in scale.

常見關係代詞如下：

People = who / that

Things = which / that

Places = where

注意事項:

1) 關係從句修飾名詞，關係代詞必須放在修飾的名詞之後

名詞 定語從句(非限定性) The car, which is my father』s, is in the garage.

名詞 定語從句(非限定性) The car is in the garage, which is locked.

__________________________________________________

2) 因為有兩個分句，所以每個分句必須都要有一套主語(subject) + 謂語(verb)

S S V V The car, / which is my father』s, / is in the garage.

This is because a relative clause is two simple sentences joined together. In other words:

S V The car is in the garage. S V The car is my fathers.

__________________________________________________

3) 主謂要保持一致:

Subj (singular) verb (singular) The car, / which is my father』s, / is in the garage.

__________________________________________________

4) 非限定性定語從句，前面要加逗號:

The car, which is my father』s, is in the garage.

__________________________________________________

5) 限定性定語從句，前面不加逗號:

The car which is in front of the house is mine.

區分限制性和非限制性要根據句子意思的完整性判定，比如上面例句如果改成 the car is mine，那麼會影響句子的理解，哪一輛車是我的？

__________________________________________________

6) 限制性定語從句中的關係代詞which，可以用that 代替

The car that is in front of the house is mine.

The police have not found the person that stole my car

6

狀語從句

時間狀語 Time Clauses

He arrived before I did.

After I have finished studying, I intend to work abroad.

As the climate gets hotter, sea levels will rise.

I will keep learning English for as long as it is necessary.

While I am studying, I usually listen to the radio.

Rates of obesity increase when too much junk food is eaten.

Since I started going to fitness, I have lost 5 kilos.

I will keep learning English until I am upper intermediate.

條件狀語 Conditional Clauses

If we clone humans, it may have terrible consequences.

What would you buy if you won the lottery?

Our food will not be safe unless GM crops are banned.

原因狀語 Reason Clauses

My English is not improving because I am not studying enough.

Since the govenment cut spending, poverty has increased.

Pollution is increasing as there are too many cars.

目的狀語 Purpose Clauses

I am studying IELTS in order to attend university abroad.

He went to the gym so that he could lose weight.

讓步狀語 Concession Clauses

Although e-readers are popular, most people still prefer books.

The Minister wants to incease taxes though his party disagrees.

Even though I studied every day, I didnt get the score I needed (surprising)

Internet usage increased, while phone usage decreased.

Whereas you have a lot of time to study, I do not.

地點狀語 Place

Wherever he goes, I will go.

I am not sure where I put my pen.

結合下面範文學習上述狀語從句：

Some people believe the aim of university education is to help graduates get better jobs. Others believe there are much wider benefits of university education for both individuals and society.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

These days, more and more people are making the choice to go to university. While some people are of the opinion that the only purpose of a university education is to improve job prospects, others think that society and the individual benefit in much broader ways.

It is certainly true that one of the main aims of university is to secure a better job. The majority of people want to improve their future career prospects and attending university is one of the best ways to do this as it increases a persons marketable skills and attractiveness to potential employers. In addition, further education is very expensive, so most people would not consider it if it would not provide them with a more secure future and a higher standard of living. Thus job prospects are very important.

However, there are other benefits for individuals and society. Firstly, the independence of living away from home is a benefit because it helps the students develop better social skills and improve as a person. A case in point is that many students will have to leave their families, live in halls of residence and meet new friends. As a result, their maturity and confidence will grow enabling them to live more fulfilling lives. Secondly, society will gain from the contribution that the graduates can make to the economy. We are living in a very competitive world, so countries need educated people in order to compete and prosper.

Therefore, I believe that although a main aim of university education is to get the best job, there are clearly further benefits. If we continue to promote and encourage university attendance, it will lead to a better future for individuals and society.

作業: 狀語從句練習

1. Much of the food we eat would not actually last that long choose one unless if though it were not for the chemicals they contain

2. choose one In order to Since Whereas have robust evaluation procedures in the future, both formal exams and continual assessment should be used to assess students during their education.

3. choose one Where Because Although chatting online can be beneficial, it is certainly not the same as real interaction with human beings.

4. Long prison sentences should remain for assault or murder choose one while even though as justice for the victim and their family should take priority.

5. It is important that the government financially assists theatres choose one in order to so that until they can continue to provide entertainment to the public.

6. I will keep studying hard choose one because until wherever I pass the exam.

7. I will continue to use my bike choose one as long as unless even though petrol prices remain high.

8. choose one While Whereas Even though he practiced the guitar every day, he was still not very good.

9. Global warming will not slow down choose one unless until as long as governments take serious action soon.

10. I used to live choose one since where until you can now see that office block. They knocked my house down to build it.

參考答案：請在公眾號後台【回復：狀語從句】，自行對照！

7

流程圖被動語態初體驗

被動語態在雅思寫作Task1流程圖中應用非常頻繁，因為流程圖注重的是每一個步驟本身，而不是每一個步驟的實施者，所以我們通常會把每一個階段活動作為主語。下面我們結合實例看下如何運用(下面段落只是單純的描述整個流程，並不是完整範文)：

題目:The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.

注意：關於流程圖我們在集訓營中還會進行詳細解析，主要學習並體會下面段落的被動語態(標紅字體)

To begin, the cocoa comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in the South American and African continents and the country of Indonesia. Once the pods are ripe and red, they are harvested and the white cocoa beans are removed. Following a period of fermentation, they are then laid out on a large tray so they can dry under the sun. Next, they are placed into large sacks and delivered to the factory. They are then roasted at a temperature of 350 degrees, after which the beans are crushed and separated from their outer shell. In the final stage, this inner part that is left is pressed and the chocolate is produced.

通過上面段落可以總結出流程圖的3個顯著特點：

1.流程描述使用一般現在時

2.被動語態的頻繁使用

3.順序連接詞(標黃)

To begin

Following this

Next

Then

After

After that

Before

Subsequently

Finally

寫了這麼多，不說別的，就這排版，可以說是累的吐血了，動動手，轉發一下可否，讓更多的小夥伴看到在你的身邊，還有一位跟你年齡相仿的傻逼青年Eric，依然在教育事業上垂死掙扎、發揮餘熱~

微博話題：#21天雅思寫作集訓營#

微博：Eric英語俱樂部

知乎：LIU Eric

堅持用心、原創有料

http://weixin.qq.com/r/oylNVVTEMwlMrRA293yx (二維碼自動識別)