emdrive Principle of Operation 無工質微波推進工作原理

04-07

emdrive 工作原理

來自http://emdrive.com，本人僅翻譯，版權歸原作者所有

Principle of Operation

工作原理

At first sight the idea of propulsion without propellant seems impossible. However the technology is firmly anchored in the basic laws of physics and following an extensive review process, no transgressions of these laws have been identified.

乍一看，無工質電磁推進似乎是不可能。然而，無工質電磁推進技術嚴格遵守基本的物理定律並通過了嚴謹的評審過程，初步確認它沒有違背物理原理定律。

The principle of operation is based on the well-known phenomenon of radiation pressure. This relies on Newton抯 Second Law where force is defined as the rate of change of momentum. Thus an electromagnetic (EM) wave, travelling at the speed of light has a certain momentum which it will transfer to a reflector, resulting in a tiny force.

工作原理是基於廣為人知的光壓現象。這依賴於牛頓第二定律（常見描述為：物體加速度的大小跟作用力成正比，跟物體的質量成反比，且與物體質量的倒數成正比；加速度的方向跟作用力的方向相同）。因此以光速運動的電磁波(EM),有一定動能作用於一個反射器,從而產生一個微小的力。

If the same EM wave is travelling at a fraction of the speed of light, the rate of change of momentum, and hence force, is reduced by that fraction. The propagation velocity of an EM wave, and the resulting force it exerts, can be varied depending on the geometry of a waveguide within which it travels. This was demonstrated by work carried out in the 1950. (CULLEN, A.L. absolute Power Measurements at Microwave Frequencies IEE Proceedings Vol 99 Part 1V 1952 P.100)

類似地，電磁波是以光速運動的,動量和力就會減少。電磁波的傳播速度,它產生的合力,跟電磁波運動的導體介質幾何形狀有關。這在1950年代進行演示和得到論證。(卡倫A.L. 《微波頻率段力的測量IEE程序》第99卷IV章1952年第100頁)

Thus if the EM wave travelling in a tapered waveguide is bounced between two reflectors, with a large velocity difference at the reflector surfaces, the force difference will give a resultant thrust to the waveguide linking the two reflectors. If the reflectors are separated by a multiple of half the effective wavelength of the EM wave, this thrust will be multiplied by the Q of the resulting resonant cavity, as illustrated in fig 1.

因此，如果錐形波導中的電磁波往返兩個反射面,有一個很大的速度差異在反射面,力差異形成推力由波導錐形面產生。

magnetron：磁控管

Fig 1. Diagram of an engine concept.
圖1.無工質微波推進的概念示意圖。

The inevitable objection raised, is that the apparently closed system produced by this arrangement cannot result in an output force, but will merely produce strain within the waveguide walls. However, this ignores Einstein抯 Special Law of Relativity in which separate frames of reference have to be applied at velocities approaching the speed of light. Thus the system of EM wave and waveguide can be regarded as an open system, with the EM wave and the waveguide having separate frames of reference.

必定有人提出反對意見：顯然，封閉系統不能輸出對外的推力,但只會產生應變在波導內牆壁。然而,這忽略了愛因斯坦抯狹義相對論，分開的參照系必須應用於接近光速的運動。因此，微波和錐形波導容器可以被視為一個非密閉的系統,且微波和錐形波導容器有不同的參照系。

A similar approach is necessary to explain the principle of the laser gyroscope, where open system attitude information is obtained from an apparently closed system device.

相近的原理方法有激光陀螺儀原理可以解釋，激光陀螺儀從一個封閉的系統設備獲取非密閉系統的信息。

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