GMAT/雅思/托福等閱讀長難句如何理解
GMAT閱讀長難句
之前在其他帖子裡面說過很多次長難句理解在gmat,閱讀中的重要性,但是還是有很多同學很疑惑,
為什麼長難句裡面的單詞讀得懂,卻依然讀不懂長難句?
今天海上霸王就通過2個方面來看看這個問題怎麼解決。
1.此問題產生的原因
2.如何解決
————我是分界線—————
1.此問題產生的原因
我們通過一個句子來分析一下,那麼我們一起來看看是什麼造成了這個問題。
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument,since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
假如是大家是單詞認識的話,這個句子乍看之下,對你而言應該是沒有生詞,但是這個句子理解起來一定是很痛苦的。
其原因講究在於:我們的閱讀習慣,中文的閱讀習慣直接從左到右,逐字看就好。而英語這樣去做就會出現句子結構混亂的問題,因為我們畢竟不是native speaker ,不經過訓練很難達到像老外那樣就算從左到右也不會產生結構混亂的問題。
而更加恐怖的問題在於,gmat或者托福雅思的閱讀裡面這種句子在一篇文章裡面絕對不佔少數。所以問題就自然而然的產生了,單詞認識,依然看不懂。
————我是分界線—————
2.如何解決
其實我們只要掌握長難句的分析,這個問題就不再是你的閱讀應該擔心的問題,甚至可以幫助到你的寫作。
1.長難句構成
長難句=主幹+修飾
主幹:S V O C P
SV I do.
SVO She loves me.
SVOO Rose gave me a kiss.
SVOC A found K dead.
主系表 The end of this movie is
pretty good.修飾:定語 狀語 同位語 插入語
主幹:Rose gave me a kiss.
我來逐步添加修飾成分
定語
Rose gave me a kiss that I would never forget.
狀語
Falling in love with me, Rose gave me a kiss that I would never
forget.同位語
Falling in love with me, Rose, a doctor, gave me a kiss I would
never forget.
插入語
Falling in love with me, Rose, I doctor, unlike her sister, gave me a kiss Iwould never forget.所以大家可以感受到的是,我們閱讀的句子就是比較複雜的句子,但究其根本也就是主謂賓主幹罷了,剩餘 的都是修飾成分,添加進對應的主幹成分就好。
定語:(詞,短語,句子)
定語:修飾名詞的成分
詞:形容詞(good) 名詞(Iron man)
短語:
不定式短語(The workers have the right to relax.)
分詞短語
主被動 (Eric working at here, he feels so happy. The house burned down is K』shome.)介詞短語(修飾n) The boy from Japan is one of my friend.
句子:定語從句-限定性定從/非限定性定從 區別:有無逗號
狀語(詞,短語,句子)-目的,條件,時間,地點,原因,伴隨等
狀語:修飾動詞
副詞::K runs fast.
短語:不定式短語 分詞短語 介詞短語
不定式短語:
To have a nice payment, he works hard.
分詞短語:
Being a good man, lots of people respect him.
介詞短語:
Under a tree, he got a nice place to take a nap.
狀語從句:
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking
2.長難句的分解閱讀步驟
Capture-長難句的理解
Step1:抓取主句句子主幹
Step2:將修飾成分補充到主幹中去
我們以剛剛那個句子為例:
The physicist rightly(狀語) dreads precise argument,since(原因狀語從句) an argument that is convincing only if it is precise (定從)loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed(條件狀語),whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise (定從)may well be stable under small perturbations of
its underlying assumptions(條件狀語).其真正的主幹:The physicist dreads precise argument, since an argument loses all its force , whereas an argument may well be
stable假如同學們暫時覺得句子讀不懂,那就先從主幹成分抓起,然後填充修飾就好。
如果需要更多的長難句練習,可以私信海上霸王哈~
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