170923- Leaders- Does China play fair 中國會不會在國際競爭中耍詐

03-06

黑色加粗+斜體：生詞；

magage：自己重點掌握的句型；

在他們有生之年患有癌症：自己翻譯後不滿的地方

（相比之下，）補譯

16個生詞，翻譯後中英共計7785詞

The competition from China will only become fierce. That calls for cool heads and wise policies.

來自中國的競爭只會愈演愈烈。這使得競爭對手不得不冷靜思考，制定高明的應對策略。

If Donald Trump had slapped punitive tariffs on all Chinese exportes to America, as he promised, he would have started a trade war. Fortunately, the president hesitated, partly because he wants Chinas help in thwarting North Koreas nuclear ambitions. But that is not the end of the story. Tensions over Chinas industrial might now threaten the architecture of the global economy. Americans trade representitive this week called China "unprecidented" threaten that cannot be tamed by exsiting trade rules. The European Union, worried by a spate of Chinese acquisitions, are drafting stricter rules on foreign investment. And, all the while, Chinas strategy for modernising of its economy is adding further strain.

生詞

slap 掌摑

punitive 懲罰性的

all the while 始終

a spate of 沒查到

如果特朗普按照自己承諾的做了，對所有中國出口到美國的商品徵收懲罰性關稅的話，他可能會挑起一場貿易戰爭。幸運的是，他猶豫了。猶豫的一部分原因，是因為想中國出面來給朝鮮核試驗事件降溫。但故事並不是到此就結束了，圍繞中國經濟的緊張局勢可能威脅到全球的經濟結構。美國的貿易代表本周發表聲明說，中國是「出乎意料的威脅」，並且不會受到現有貿易制度的束縛。出於對中國發起的大量收購的擔憂，歐盟正在起草針更加嚴格的國外投資規定。同時，中國一直以來的現代化策略更是加重了這種情況。

At the heart of these tensions one simple, overwhelming fact: firms around the world feel ever more competition from their Chinese rivals. China is not the first to industrialise, but none has ever made the leap so rapidly and on such a monumental scale. Little more than a decade ago, Chinese boomed towns churned out zips, socks and cigarette lighters. Today, the country is at the frontire of the new technology in everything from mobile payments to driverless cars.

Even Chinas achievements inspires awe, there is growing concern that the world will be dominated by an economy that does not play fair. Businesses feel threatened. Governments have seen Brexit and the election of Mr. Trump, worrying about job losses and shrinking of technogical leadership. Yet if the outcome is to be good, they must all think clearly about the real nature of Chinas chanllenge.

生詞：

churn out 不顧質量地粗製濫造

awe 敬畏（權利、才華等引起）

yet if 但如果

這些緊張局勢中一個最簡單、最核心的事實在於：全球的公司從來沒有感受到來鍾中國競爭對手如此激烈的競爭。中國並不是第一個開始工業化進程的國家，但是論速度和規模卻沒有其他國家能與之相提並論。也就是十幾年之前，中國經濟繁榮的城市大量炮製拉鏈、襪子和打火機。今天，無論是移動支付還是無人駕駛，中國的方方面面都走在了新技術的前列。儘管中國取得的成就讓世界敬畏，但仍不斷有聲音質疑，世界會被中國這個經濟體所引導，而中國本身，並不是一個遵紀守法的玩家。世界經濟感受到了威脅。政府經歷了脫歐和特朗普當選，對失業率上升和喪失科技領導地位擔心不已。但如果結果對大家有益，他們必須認真思考來自中國挑戰的真正本質。

Go, in three dimensions

上升，三個維度同時進行

Undoubtly, China has form. It keeps its currrency cheap for years, boosting exporters; it finances its state-owned giants with cheap credit; and its cyper-spies steal secrets. Yet depictions of corporate China as just an undemocratic, state-run monsters, thieving and cheating to get ahead, are crude and out of date. Home-own innovation is flourishing(see page 17).The innovators are mainly private, not a many heads of a single creature called China Inc. To seperate hype from reality, think of Chinses competition as having three dimentions: illegal, intense and unfair. Each needs a different response.

毫無疑問中國取得的成就是有所預謀的。中國多年以來保持人民幣匯率處於低位，目的在於刺激出口；財政方面給國有巨頭企業低信用負債；同時讓網路間諜竊取機密。對於中國就是一個不民主、國有企業巨頭、靠偷竊和剽竊來獲利的形象太過草率，並且已經過時了。國有企業的創新如火如荼（見17頁）。創新者並不是來自於「國字頭」的公司，而主要來自於私企。為了從迷霧當中窺探中國企業的真實實力，中國的競爭主要通過三個維度展開：非法操作，高競爭力和不公平競爭。每個維度的競爭策略都不同。

First, consider illegality. The best example, is the blatant theft of intellectual property that makes for the most sensational headlines, such as the charges laid in 2014 against five Chinese military officers for hacking into American nuclear, solar and mental firms. The good news is such crimes are declining. An agreement with America in 2015 seemingly led to a marked drop in Chinese firms produce more of value, they are themselves demanding better intellectual property protection at home.

生詞：

blatant 明顯的，炫耀的

先說違法。最好的例子，就是通過無恥偷竊知識產權的方式上頭條，比如2014年美國軍方官員因黑進美國核能、太陽能和金屬公司並因此受到處罰。好消息是這類犯罪正在減少。與美國在2015年簽署的一份協議導致了此類事件的減少，同時中國公司願意產出更多價值。在中國國內，各類公司也出台了政策，以便更好地保護知識產權。

The second dimension--intense but legal competion--is far more important. Chinese firms have proven that they can make good products for less. Consumers prices for television, adjusted for quality, fell by more than 90% in the 15 years after China joined the World Trade Organisation(WTO). Chinas share of global exports has risen to 14%, the highest any country has reached since America in 1968. That may fall as China loses its grip on low-value industries such as textiles. But it is gaining a new reputation in high tech. If data are the new oil, Chinas tech industry has vast reserves in the information generated by the hundreds of millions of its people online--unprotected by privacy rules. Whether you make cars in Germany, semiconductors in American or robots in Japan, the changes are that in future some of your fiercest rivals will be Chinese.

第二個維度--高度競爭力但是合法競爭，這點非常重要。中國公司已經證明了他們可以為少數人生產優質產品。在中國加入WTO後15年以來，在質量過硬的情況下，電視機的價格下降的90%。中國佔全球出口的份額已經達到了14%，上一個達到這個比例的國家，還是1968年的美國。隨著中國在像紡織品這類低附加值產品上競爭力的缺失，這個比例可能會有所下降。但是高科技卻為中國贏得了新的聲譽。如果把大數據比作「新石油」的話，中國的科技信息已經擁有了海量的信息儲備，這些信息由數以億計的中國人通過網路操作而產生。

Last, and hardest to deal with, is unfair competition:sharp practice that breaks no global rules. The government demands that firms give away technology as the cost of admission to Chinas vast market(see page 60). Foreign firms have been targeted in the biggest of Chinas anti-monopoly cases. The government restricts access to lucrative sectors, while financing assaults on those same industries abroad. Such behaviour is dandgerous precisely because todays rules offer no redress.

生詞

redress 補償，修正，救濟 a sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury

最後也是最難以應對的是不公平競爭。高興價格比並沒有違法國際貿易規定。政府要求公司以技術來換取中國巨大市場的准入權（見60頁）。外資公司已經成了中國反壟斷最主要的目標。政府限制高利潤領域的准入，同時在財政上限制這些領域的國外公司。今天這類行為之所以危險，是因為不受規則的限制。

Dont get angry. Get even.不要憤怒，要公平

Sorting Chinese competition into these categories helps calibrate the response. Blatant illegality is the most straightforward. Governments must prosecute and seek redress, whether through the courts or the WTO. Firms can better protect themselves against cyber-thieves--from China and slsewhere.

把來自中國的競爭分類有助於調整對應的反應。明目張胆的非法交易是最直白的。政府一定要檢舉並且對受損企業給予補償，無論是經過法律程序還是WTO。公司得以藉此更好的保護自己，免受網路剽竊的傷害--無論這種傷害是來自中國，還是其他地方。

Though it is politically hard, the best reponse to intense competition is to welcome it. Consumers will gain from lower costs and faster innovation. Misguided attempts to hold back the tide would not only lose those potential gains but might also blow up the world trading system, with catastrophic results. Rather than try to stop the loss of jobs, governments should provide restraining and a decent safety net. Both companies and governments need to spend more on education and research. Six years ago Barack Obama said America faced a new"Sputnik moment「 in Chinas rise. Since then no much extra has been devoted to research, training and infrastruture.

生詞：

Sputnik 衛星（相當於satellite ）

雖然從政治角度看比較難，但對於來自於高性價比的產品的競爭，最好的方法就是勇敢面對。消費者可以從更低的價格和更快的創新當中獲益。企圖阻擋這種潮流的行為不僅會影響這些潛在收益，還可能給世界貿易平衡帶來災難性後果。政府應當制定限制措施，並保證（公司有）足夠的安全利潤，而不是（單純）想要阻止失業率上升。公司和政府都需要在教育和科研方面加大投入力度。六年前，奧巴馬聲稱，隨著中國的崛起，美國將面臨新一輪的「衛星運動」。（然而）從那以後，卻停止了相關的研究、培訓和基礎建設的投入。

The hardest category is competition that is unfair, but not illegal. One approach is to coax China into behaving better by acting collectively. America, Europe and big Asian contries could jointly push information about economic harm from Chinas polices--as they did by sharing details about overcapacity in the steel industry, nudging China into cutting its excesses. They should demand reciprocity, requiring China to give foreingn companies the same access that its own firms enjoy in their markets. Governments need to review their policies for secreening investments from China so that they can block genuine threats to national security (though only those). And they should also require that investors with state backing report this in full, and punish those hiding their true identity.

生詞：

coax 誘騙

collectively 全體的，共同的

nudge 輕推

reciprocity 相互性

這三類當中最難以應對的是不公平但卻合法的競爭。方法之一是促使中國經濟全面發展，從而更好地發揮性價比的優勢。美國，歐洲和亞洲的幾個國家可以聯合起來規避中國經濟政策的傷害-就像他們之前溝通鋼鐵過量，提醒中國限制多餘產量一樣。他們應該要求利益相互性，要求中國給予外資中國公司在其市場內享有的同等權利。為了更好地審核來自中國的投資，有必要修改經濟政策，這樣可以保護國家安全免受天然威脅（儘管只有這類投資有此類風險）他們應該要求政府全力支持，同時懲罰隱瞞真實信息的公司。

Much of the responsibility for putting this right falls on China. It may ask why it should hold itself back. After all, 19th-cdentury Germany and America grew rich behind subsidies and tariff walls, Britain and Japan were bullies. Yet, having done so well out of the global commercial ecosystem, China should be cognise that it has become one of its custodians. Abuse it--illegally or by overburdening it--and it will break.

生詞：

subsidy 津貼 a grand paid by government that benefit the public

cognise 認知

撥亂反正的最大責任方是中國。並且中國一定會有這樣的疑問：為什麼是我後退一步？畢竟德國和美國在19世紀的崛起依靠的是政府津貼和關稅優勢；英國和日本本來就是列強。無論怎樣，這樣做是出於全球電子商務系統的考慮，中國應當認識到自己也是秩序的維護者之一。非法濫用或者過度依賴，都會破壞國際秩序。