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GRE快速閱讀有些難,該怎樣學習呢?


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· 怎樣結合真題對GRE文章進行速讀?

小咖在這裡結合GRE真題,以八個主要方向具體化展開。

1. 速讀的基礎:熟悉文章的語篇層次、發展結構與串聯邏輯

GRE的文章基本上分為三種結構:一段文、兩段文、三段左右的中長文

比如GRE的文章都會有背景層次的介紹,哪怕是一段文也會有1-2句話為文章進行鋪墊。

在英文文章中,前排給出主題詞→ 主題背景→ 時間→ 人物→ 主要線索和發展方向,為後面的獨立觀點作前提布局的。

2. 速讀的重點:深度掌握美語文章的細節思維、語境體會能力與每句話中重要意群點

比如這道GRE真題:

By the 1920s, the weed was rampant. What made matters worse was that its proliferation coincided with sweeping changes in agriculture and a massive shift from sheep farming to dairying.

涉及到美語中很重要的『代詞指代思維』,its在這裡指代上句話提到的雜草蔓延,代詞起到串聯的作用,而這種串聯與發展帶動了整篇文章的重心變化,『串聯的思維是英文的核心思維。』

3. 速讀的過濾模式:語篇的聯繫,相互之間的發展模式與過渡關係

比如GRE文章的兩段文:

兩段文段落之間的兩種聯繫

4. 速讀的聯繫思維:句與句之間的思維

比如GRE真題的這兩句話:(3)Unfortunately, it also made the selling price of Black papers much higher than that of general-circulation dailies. (4)Often as much as two-thirds of publication costs had to come from subscribers or subsidies from community politicians and other interest groups.

句與句之間的鏈條式思維聯繫導圖

5. 速讀的能力:對長句迅速的進行提煉、分解、概況的能力

比如GRE閱讀真題這句話:

In a plausible but speculative scenario, oceanographer Douglas Martinson suggests that temperature increases caused by global warming would not significantly affect the stability of the Antarctic environment, where sea ice forms on the periphery of the continent in the autumn and winter and mostly disappears in the summer.

本篇文章第一句首先需要看透句子架構,由三個逗號組成,重點內容在中間這個部分,因為集合了句子的主謂賓信息,核心是caused by這個因果聯繫構成的觀點主題詞,GRE經常出現由介詞by引導的成分,by可以引導方式,時間,原因。第三是關係副詞where引導的定語從句修飾前面的先行詞Antarctic environment。在美語中,關係代詞(which, who, whose, that, whom)和關係副詞(where,when,why),大部分結構關係和修飾指代是嚴謹慎重的,很講究對先行詞的指代作用的限制。

6. 速讀的邏輯:通過用詞判斷語言的邏輯與情感

比如GRE真題中這幾句話:

(4)The formation of sea ice causes the concentration of salt insurface waters to increase; less sea ice would mean a smaller increase in the concentration of salt. (5)Less salty surface waters would be less dense and therefore less likely to sink and stir up deep water. (6)The deep water, with all its stored heat, would rise to the surface at a slower rate.

這三句話包含的語篇邏輯關係圖:

7. 速讀的本事:善於通過關鍵詞、核心意群迅速找到文章的思路與情感色彩

比如真題中的這句話:Unfortunately, it also made the selling price of Black papers much higher than that of general-circulation dailies.

『Unfortunately』這個副詞既是作者的態度表現,也是『語篇意群的轉折點和切分線』,這個詞引導的後面意群都是不同態度的觀點意群了。

再比如這句話:And despite their editorial freedom, African American publishers often felt compelled to print a disproportionate amount of sensationalism, sports, and society news to boost circulation.

作者最後用了一個動詞片語對全文進行總結『美語中動詞的表現力和感染力是很有價值的』:feel compelled to 感到被迫做某事,不僅強調了非裔美國出版商們的無奈,也是整個意群的態度概括。

8. 速讀的語境化:美語的深層次思維要求的是你必須在具體語境與語態中識別意義。

Often as much as two-thirds of publication costs had to come from subscribers or subsidies from community politicians and other interest groups.

真題中這句話中的subscribers表層意思是指捐助者,實際意義指在黑人報紙上登廣告的那些人。

Editors could print politically charged material more readily than could the large national dailies, which depended on advertisers ideological approval to secure revenues.

Charged在語境中不是控告或充電的意思,在修飾抽象事物時,有一種瀰漫和充斥的意思,是對程度的一種形容。第二句話說:編輯們能更輕易地比大型國有報紙印刷更多充滿政治色彩濃厚的材料。


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