介詞to/主語簡短/段落結構

本文首發於立文悉通微信公眾號（Transystom）

介詞to的幾個使用實例

出血傾向：tendency to bleeding （不用of）

血栓形成傾向：tendency to thrombosis （不用of）

其他和to搭配的常見詞有：

resistance to antibiotics

susceptibility to infection

allergy to penicillin

alternative to surgery

exposure to dust

通過動詞名詞化避免冗長的主語

原句：The 100 patients hospitalized in our department from 2008 to 2016 with a confirmed diagnosis of Cushings syndrome were retrospectively analyzed.

改進：A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients hospitalized in our department from 2008 to 2016 with a confirmed diagnosis of Cushings syndrome.

* 毫不猶豫地把原來冗長的主語甩到後面去！

此外，類似的表達還有a search was performed / a survey was conducted / a study was conducted 等等，在主語較長的時候也可以選用。

另外，用主動語態也不失為一種選擇，比如We analyzed 。。。

值得注意的一點是，國內關於論文寫作的句式有點過於把主動語態妖魔化了，彷彿論文里就不能出現主動語態一樣，尤其不能出現we這種詞。

其實大可不必如此，主動語態表達直接、生動，和被動語態穿插使用，可以使文章的表達不那麼單調。

一段話的分析

1) According to the Csendes classification, 23 patients had type I, 7 had type II, 1 had type III, and 1 had type IV Mirizzi syndrome. 2) A total of 29 patients completed laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and they all had type I or II Mirizzi syndrome. 3) One patient with type II disease underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration. 4) Two patients with type III or IV disease were converted to open surgery; the type III patient underwent bile duct end-to-end anastomosis, and the type IV patient underwent choledochoenterostomy.

1. 在1）中，為了避免重複，可以僅在句末寫出疾病名稱，體現了「能省就省」的原則。

2. 1）是一個總述的句子，2）3）4）介紹三種手術情況及相應的病人類型，體現了「總分式」段落結構。

3. 根據情況變換表達形式，如：type * Mirizzi syndrome、type * disease和type * patients，體現了「非核心術語適當變化」的原則。

4. 4）中用了一個分號，表明前後兩個分句意思相關，後者是對前者的具體闡述。除了連詞，分號也是用於連接意思相關的句子之間的非常有用的工具，可以避免過多地使用連詞（如：and、but）而使文章啰嗦、拖沓，還是體現了「簡明」的原則。