選擇合適的標點符號可以讓段落層次更加清晰

本文首發於立文悉通微信公眾號（Transystom）

根據句子之間的相互關係選擇合適的標點符號可以讓段落層次更加清晰，使讀者更加容易把握文章所要表達的意思。

比如要用英文表達以下內容：

• 收集2012年2月至2014年4月期間就診的260例肺炎患兒入院24 h內的NPA及BALF，熒光定量PCR法檢測NPA和BALF中的MP-DNA，在入院24 h內及治療8~12 d時採集所有患兒靜脈血，ELISA法檢測血清MP-IgM。

第一個版本如下。這個版本基本上是按照中文意思翻譯成了4句話，層次不是太清晰。

• The Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 260 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to April 2014 were collected within 24 hours of admission. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) DNA in NPA and BALF was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Venous blood of these children was also collected within 24 hours of admission and on days 8-12 of treatment. Serum MP-IgM was measured using ELISA.

第二個版本如下。這個版本把中文裡的第一句話拆分成了兩句話，即專門用一句話介紹了研究對象，然後才是研究方法的介紹。但是研究方法部分的結構不是太清晰。

• A total of 260 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these children were collected within 24 hours of admission. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) DNA in NPA and BALF was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Venous blood of these children was also collected within 24 hours of admission and on days 8-12 of treatment. Serum MP-IgM was measured using ELISA.

第三個版本如下。方法部分由兩個小部分組成，收集NPA及BALF與檢測MP-DNA是第一個小部分，所以之前的兩個句子變成兩個分句，中間用「逗號+and」連接；採集靜脈血和檢測MP-IgM是第二個小部分，之前的兩個句子變成兩個分句，中間也用「逗號+and」連接。

• A total of 260 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these children were collected within 24 hours of admission, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) DNA in NPA and BALF was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Venous blood of these children was also collected within 24 hours of admission and on days 8-12 of treatment, and serum MP-IgM was measured using ELISA.

此外，還可以使用分號代替逗號「+and」。

• A total of 260 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these children were collected within 24 hours of admission; Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) DNA in NPA and BALF was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Venous blood of these children was also collected within 24 hours of admission and on days 8-12 of treatment; serum MP-IgM was measured using ELISA.

也可以考慮使用不定式。

• A total of 260 children with pneumonia admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of these children were collected within 24 hours of admission to measure Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) DNA in NPA and BALF by quantitative real-time PCR. Venous blood of these children was also collected within 24 hours of admission and on days 8-12 of treatment to measure serum MP-IgM using ELISA.

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