2017年12月9日 英國人解析雅思寫作

主要內容1. 專題介紹2. 英國人的題目解析3. 邵教授的補充分論點

借用英國朋友的一句

"The gaps between English and Chinese in terms of language, culture, and teaching methodology are large."

英語和漢語，在語言、文化和教學法方面差異巨大。

這個系列的文章旨在告訴考鴨

英國考官預期的（優秀）雅思寫作答案，可能本身就在考鴨的認知範圍之外。

2017年12月2日雅思寫作考題

A rise in the standard of living in a country seems to only benefit cities rather than rural areas. What problems might this difference cause? How might the problems be reduced?

邵教授的解析

1. 常見坑

不少學生，想到因為政府將大量資源投入到大城市，這導致了城市和鄉村的貧富差距。

政府將大量資源投入到大城市，是 A rise in the standard of living in a country seems to only benefit cities rather than rural areas. 的原因，但題目問的是 What problems might this difference cause? 即這要導致的結果是什麼。

2. 辭彙補充

1) wealth gap 貧富差距

2) exodus

A departure of a large number of people 大批人的離開

3) recruitment shortages 招募不到（或夠）人

4) mitigate (=relieve) 緩解（之前的推文出現過）

5) public authority

很多考鴨背了單詞 authority 「權威，權威機關」，還常常用這個單詞來替換 government，這是不合理的。另外，public authority 更不是「公共權威機關」的意思。

A public authority is a type of public-benefit corporation that takes on a more bureaucratic role, such as the maintenance of public infrastructure, that often has broad powers to regulate or maintain public property. 比較像中國的事業單位

6) transport link 交通路線

7) tax break 減免稅費

8) public body

A public body is commonly a corporation created by state. 國有企業

2個簡單的單片語合起來，可能是全新的意思。

9) tailor

To make, alter, or adapt for a particular end or purpose 定製，特製

a speech that was tailored to an audience of business leaders

10) inducement

Something that helps bring about an action or a desired result; an incentive 獎勵，激勵

tax breaks intended as an inducement to greater reinvestment

11) redress

To set right (an undesirable situation, for example); remedy or rectify 改正

redress the economic imbalance

英國人的解析和範文

開頭段（略）

主體段1，回答問題1

One of the most significant problems that almost every industrialised country has witnessed is an exodus of younger people from non-urban areas towards cities. By far the biggest reason for this has been an increase in employment opportunities in urban areas, for example in the manufacturing, distribution and service industries. When young people leave for the city, they are seldom replaced and this means that there are often recruitment shortages in the countryside, especially with respect to agricultural labour. Furthermore, traditional rural skills such as handicrafts tend to be handed on from one generation to the next only in villages and such skills can die out as a result of large-scale migrations of the young to cities.

年輕人離開鄉村，去往大城市，導致鄉村招募不到人，尤其是農業的勞動力。（強的論證）

傳統手藝，尤其手工藝，是代代相傳的，但是沒人接替了。（弱的論證）

主體段2，回答問題2

Despite the evident damage caused to the rural economy by urbanisation, measures can be adopted to mitigate this harm. Public authorities which value the contribution of rural life to the nation can allocate funds to projects which have goals such as the upgrading of rural infrastructure - including technology and transport links - or the establishment of new businesses. Governments also have the option of providing subsidies to private sector initiatives in the rural economy, either directly through grants or indirectly, via tax breaks, for instance. In particular, public bodies can tailor the financial inducements they offer to rural entrepreneurs by rewarding more generously longer-term private investment schemes.

撥款改善鄉村的基礎設施

政府鼓勵鄉村地區開公司，創業

結尾段

Although rural areas may not at first share fairly in the rising prosperity of a nation, relative to cities, governments can take action to redress this imbalance.

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