2017年10月14日 英國人解析雅思寫作

主要內容1. 專題介紹2. 英國人的題目解析3. 邵教授對解析的說明

借用英國朋友的一句話

"The gaps between English and Chinese in terms of language, culture, and teaching methodology are large."

英語和漢語，在語言、文化和教學法方面差異巨大。

這個系列的文章旨在告訴考鴨

英國考官預期的（優秀）雅思寫作答案，可能本身就在考鴨的認知範圍之外。

2017年10月14日雅思寫作考題

Some people think that the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society whereas, for others, the purpose is to help them achieve their personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

英國人的解析

Useful to society 討論觀點1

1. The provision of education is widely considered to be one of the most important functions of society. Huge amounts of resources are ploughed into the provision of education. Society has the right to dictate, to a certain extent, the aims of the education it provides, and naturally, preparing students to contribute to society itself is a normal aim.

人們普遍認為，社會最重要的功能之一，是提供教育；大量資源被投入到教育中。（相應地，）社會在一定程度上，有權利指定它所提供的教育的目的。讓學生貢獻回社會，就自然而然地成為一個正常的目的。

2. In any given activity, there can be tension between individual happiness and social utility but not necessarily. The ability to be useful to society is recognised by most people as one of the cornerstones of individual happiness. As the provision of education is inevitably a social activity, logically the fruits of this activity will tend to manifest themselves in the social sphere, and not just the private.

在進行任何一項活動時，個人的快樂和對社會的實用性之間，都有可能產生緊張感，但是這也不一定。對社會有用，這樣一種能力，被大部分人看是做個人快樂的基石。因為提供教育這件事必然是一種社會性的活動，按道理這項活動的成果就將在社會領域，而不只是私人方面，得到展現（這個展現，就是對社會的有用性）。

Personal ambitions 討論觀點2

Young people need to find themselves – to discover who they are and what they are good at. It is not inherently selfish for them to see their education primarily as a means for personal advancement. Those students who anxiously seek to satisfy the expectations of society often do so prematurely; in so doing, they run the risk that their lack of personal vision will result in choosing the wrong studies or career path, or perhaps not excelling in the career path they have chosen.

年輕人需要找到自己——發現自己是誰，自己擅長什麼。他們把得到的教育基本看做是個人發展的踏腳石，並不是因為他們天生就自私。那些焦急地尋求如何滿足社會預期的學生，常常都沒有等到時機成熟。這樣，他們就是在冒險——個人沒有遠見，會導致選擇錯誤的研究方向和錯誤的職業道路，或者可能會無法在自己選擇的職業道路上做到出類拔萃。

Personal opinion

個人觀點

I have known a number of young people who were forced by their families into studying degree subjects that they did not enjoy and which did not inspire them; this led to a great deal of unhappiness and resentment. No doubt their parents believed that they were doing their children a favour by pushing them down career paths which were more profitable and socially useful, such as law and business. However ultimately, many students will only be able to make a positive contribution to society once they are free to choose studies that suit and inspire them.

我認識很多這樣的年輕人，他們被家人逼著去學習他們不喜歡的學科，這些學科無法激勵他們學習。這導致了很多的不快樂和怨恨。無疑他們的父母認為自己將孩子推上了可以賺錢，且對社會有用的職業道路（比如法律和商業），認為這是在幫助孩子。但是，很多學生最終只能在有自由選擇適合自己、激勵自己的學業的情況下，為社會做出貢獻。

邵教授對解析的說明

1. 常見錯誤思路

在討論觀點1的時候，寫道：學生學習並從事了對社會有用的職業，會給社會帶來xxx好處（分出多種職業，逐一舉例），因此教育的目的就應該是讓學生為社會做貢獻。

其中存在邏輯錯誤。（另外，無論有多少人覺得這是合理的，它都是錯的。）

只愛唱歌的藝術類學生，讓他們為了造福社會去學數學，能行嗎？

所以，寫解析的這位具有批判性思維的英國老師，沒有採用這樣的思路來答題。雖然考鴨覺得自己寫的思路「也很棒」，但是希望每個考鴨都注意一點

很多學生問道：「我看了很多邵教授的推文，我已經具備批判性思維了，但是為什麼還是說我的思路有問題？」

首先，如果你具備了批判性思維，你會懷疑自己是否具備了批判性思維。

其次，要真正具備批判性思維，你需要放棄很多曾經認定為正確的，接受很多曾經自己無法理解的觀點。

2. 重要辭彙和表達

1) plough resources (into) （向……）投入資源

A. People plough back resources to benefit a community.B. The NYT has the resources to plough into developing the right payment model and software.

2) excell 勝過，超過

To show superiority

A. surpass othersB. excels at tennisC. excel in mathD. Few dancers have excelled her in virtuosity.E. She excelled at outdoor sports.

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