乾貨│中譯英筆譯萬能四步法

這種好東西怎麼能不和大家分享，嗯？

簡單來說就是應用四步法進行中譯英的筆譯技巧。

筆譯四步法

● 語態 ● 時態 ●句式 ● 選詞

光看這幾個字感覺好抽象啊，撓頭想想到底是怎麼個意思呢？味如嚼蠟般，不知所云。別著急，跟著米姐接著往下看。有這筆譯四步法，走遍天下都不怕，簡直算得上是翻譯界的萬金油啊！

接下來舉幾個栗子加深對應用四步法翻譯的理解和體會：

1 我們學校明天舉行運動會。

語態

語態中首先選擇主語，再決定用被動還是主動語態。

錯譯

Our school will hold the sports meeting tomorrow.

不能將學校當作主語，這裡可以將運動會 Sports meet 作主語，被動語態。

時態

明天，用一般將來時

句式

簡單的一般句

選詞

Meeting 會議

① N-COUNT A meeting is an event in which a group of people come together to discuss things or make decisions. 會議

例:Can we have a meeting to discuss that?

我們可以開個會來討論那件事嗎？

② N-SING You can also refer to the people at a meeting as the meeting. 參會人員

例:The meeting decided that further efforts were needed.

與會者認為進一步的努力是需要的。

③ N-COUNT When you meet someone, either by chance or by arrangement, you can refer to this event as a meeting. 碰見

例:In January, 37 years after our first meeting, I was back in the studio with Dennis.

1月份，在我們初次相遇的37年後，我和丹尼斯一起回到了工作室。

Sports meet

參考翻譯

The sports meet will be held at our school tomorrow.

2 新中國成立於1949年。

語態

新中國為主語，被動語態

時態

過去式

選詞

The Peoples Republic of China 新中國

The new China 是錯的

參考翻譯

The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.

▲年份也可以做主語

當這個句子以1949年作主語時，要用founding 還是 foundation?

① N-COUNT The foundation of something such as a belief or way of life is the things on which it is based. 基礎

例：Best friends are the foundation of my life.

良友們是我生活的基礎。

例：The issue strikes at the very foundation of our community.

這個問題嚴重影響到我們社會的基礎。

② N-COUNT A foundation is an organization which provides money for a special purpose such as research or charity. 基金會

例： ...the National Foundation for Educational Research.

…全國教育研究基金會。

③ N-PLURAL The foundations of a building or other structure are the layer of bricks or concrete below the ground that it is built on. 地基

④ N-UNCOUNT If a story, idea, or argument has no foundation, there are no facts to prove that it is true. 根據

例：The allegations were without foundation.

這些指控沒有根據。

⑤ N-MASS Foundation is a skin-coloured cream that you put on your face before putting on the rest of your makeup. 粉底霜

例： Use foundation and/or face powder afterwards for an even skin tone.

隨後使用粉底霜和（或）粉餅以使皮膚色調均勻。

founding/?fa?nd??/

① ADJ Founding means relating to the starting of a particular institution or organization. 成立的[ADJ n]

例：The committee held its founding congress in the capital, Riga.

委員會在首都里加舉行了成立大會。

由此可見選 founding

參考翻譯

1949 witnessed the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.

3 人們認為，特朗普政府將會推動美國和俄羅斯的雙邊關係發展。

語態

主語為 It，It is said / believed 人們認為

句式

句式和語態息息相關，在這裡是固定搭配， It is said that…

選詞

? 人們認為:It is said / believed

不能譯為 People think

? 特朗普政府:Trump administration

Trump government 是不地道的

? 推動什麼的發展 promote

不需要字對字的翻譯，如 promote the development

? 雙邊關係 bilateral relations

參考翻譯

It is believed that Trump administration will promote the bilateral relations of the US and Russia.

4 過去一年，我國發展面臨多重困難和嚴峻挑戰，在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央堅強領導下，全國各族人民攻堅克難，開拓進取。

時態

總結過去，用過去完成時態

選詞

主席 General Secretary

區別「聯合國秘書長 Secretary General」

參考翻譯

In the past year, China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development. However, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) headed by General Secretary XiJinping, all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed ahead with a pioneering spirit.

▲漢語的句間關係，如轉折，並列，條件等要素，必須提煉並點明。此處存在隱藏的轉折關係，所以特別補充了 However。

5 中國一貫堅定支持、積极參与聯合國維和行動。

時態

一貫，用現在完成時態，表明中國一直是這個狀態。

選詞

聯合國維和行動：UN peacekeeping operations

▲詞性的轉換：動詞轉名詞

支持：動詞名詞化為 supporter, 翻譯中盡量用名詞，用詞簡練精闢，且無時態的變化，避免犯錯。

參考翻譯

China has been a firm supporter of and an active participant in UN peacekeeping operations.

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