原創乾貨 | GMAT語法知識點分布

GMAT的語法部分，也就是Sentence Correction部分因為它在整個verbal部分的地位最高，以至於很多同學在複習的時候給予了它非常多的期待，甚至還有江湖流傳說：得語法者得GMAT考試。

那麼GMAT語法的考察滿對散若滿天星的知識點，到底有沒有聚似一把火的時候呢，今天啊，霞姐就帶領大家一起看看那些必考和常考的知識點哦。

以下數據來自於對以往真題數據分析，同時也結合機經中知識點分布情況而得。

以下所有的知識點，當大家發現自己學習還不夠深入的時候，建議直接點擊霞姐gmat公眾號的乾貨篇，對照知識點目錄找到相應章節深入學習一下。萬不可一知半解。當然，如果想獲得更詳細的講解和進行知識點對應思維訓練，那就來學習魔力學院智能系統課程吧。

1

平行結構

出現頻率：20% 難度係數：??（2星）

平行結構作為GMAT考試中最大考點，在平常學習得時候相信大家也感受到了它無處不在的魅力，任何時候平行結構都要求其前後平行的對象是語法功能相同的。

NO.1 and

and是gmat 考試必考的點，即使不單獨設置題目也一定和其他考點組合著順帶考察。

NO.2 but

But在gmat語法考試中和and一樣考察平行的，所以看到but第一件事就是判斷其前後是否平行。

NO.3 both …and

Both…and搭配喜歡考察一個錯誤的搭配both…as well as;同時both…and要求前後非常嚴格的平行，both後面有什麼and後面就要求有同樣語法功能的對象。

NO.4 either…or

Either…or的平行原則和both…and一致。

NO.5 not only…but also

Not only…but also這個結構中only可以替換成just，also可以省略。平行原則類似於both…and.

接下來我們看一道例題，了解一下平行結構的考法長成什麼樣。

Drawing on her roots in a society that has a strong tra- dition of story-telling and oral renditions of the past, Indian writer Suniti Namjoshi incorporates many types of litera- ture into her writing: including historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian as well as European sources.

A) writing: including historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian as well as

B) writing: historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian and

C) writing: these include historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes from both Indian and

D) writing, which includes historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes both from Indian as well as

E) writing that includes historical texts, legends, and even nursery rhymes both from Indian and

本題考察both…as well as搭配錯誤。以及both…and平行問題，根據這個點可以扔掉ADE。

2

句子架構

出現頻率：60% 難度係數：???（3星）

句子架構是基礎功底要求，理論上解決所有的題目都需要用到句子架構的能力，所以這裡我們把它的比例寫的非常高。但是句子架構真正考察的時候，喜歡考察句子架構完整性，而考察句子架構完整的時候，只考察句子的謂語有沒有，選項差異點是謂語和非謂語動詞，往往我們選擇謂語動詞。

Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.

A) ozone is formed in the atmosphere from

B) ozone is formed in the atmosphere when

C) ozone is formed in the atmosphere, and when

D) ozone, formed in the atmosphere when

E) ozone, formed in the atmosphere from

本題考察句子架構：區分點謂語動詞和非謂語動詞，只有謂語動詞可以讓句子架構完整，所以DE 錯誤。本題順便還考察了and前後平行問題，C選項錯誤。

3

比較結構

出現頻率：10% 難度係數：?????（5星）

NO.1 like& as

Like表「像」是介詞，後面不可以接完整的句子。

而as表「像」是連詞，後面可以接完整的句子，不可以直接接名詞。

NO.2 more than/less than/as…as

比較結構最基本的考察是搭配,不可以出現的混搭一般有以下這些：more…as; as…than; more…compared with/ compared to/in comparison to; more…rather than/instead of;

另外注意出現數字比如20cm或者2000years等後面不能接as…as

NO.3 助動詞補出

名詞比較的時候往往考察有沒有資格補出助動詞，記住只有和作主語的名詞比較的名詞才有資格補出助動詞。

Carbon-14 dating reveals that the megalithic monuments in Brittany are nearly 2, 000 years as old as any of their supposed Mediterranean predecessors.

A) as old as any of their supposed

B) older than any of their supposed

C) as old as their supposed

D) older than any of their supposedly

E) as old as their supposedly

本題典型的未劃線出現數字2, 000 years，數字不可以和as…as原級搭配，所以ACE錯誤。

4

that從句

出現頻率：12% 難度係數：???（3星）

NO.1 that引導定語從句

that引導限定性定語從句，所以that和它所修飾的名詞不可以直接用逗號隔開，另外that一定要在從句中充當主語或者賓語。

NO.2 同位語從句考點

抽象名詞需要一個that引導的同位語從句才可以把其內容完全表達清楚。

NO.3 賓語從句考點

研究表明，證據表明，理論認為的都是事實，事實必須是that引導的從句才可以表達清楚。

5

代詞

出現頻率：10% 難度係數：???（3星）

NO.1 it

It為特指代詞，指代名詞及其修飾語，所以考察it的時候常常喜歡和that一起考，而that僅僅指代名詞本身就可以。比如the weather in Beijing is better than that in shanghai.這個代詞that 指代weather，但是如果換成it則錯誤，因為it會指代the weather in Beijing這個整體，就不合理了。

NO.2 they／them／their

Gmat考察代詞they的時候喜歡考察，一個句子中同一個代詞指代不同的名詞錯誤，比如前面看到一個they想指代a名詞，後面出現they或者them／their想要指代名詞b錯誤。當然也會簡單考察代詞單複數是否正確。

NO.3 this

Gmat考試中this只考察一個點：就是不要裸奔，不要試圖用this指代一句話，它做不到，this要正確，必須是this car或者this case之類的場景。

Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its core, it expands into a red giant, eventually ejecting its outer envelope of gases to be- come a white dwarf.

A) Like any star of similar mass would do, once the Sun has exhausted the hydrogen in its core, itexpands into a red giant, eventually ejecting

B) Like any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Suns core is exhausted, then it expands into a red giant and eventually ejects

C) As in the case of any star of similar mass, once the hydrogen in the Suns core is exhausted, it will expand into a red giant, and eventually ejecting

D) As any star of similar mass would, once the hydrogen in the Suns core is exhausted it will expand into a red giant and will eventually eject

E) As would be the case with any star of similar mass, once the Sun exhausts the hydrogen in its core, itwill expand into a red giant and eventually eject

本題首先涉及了like和as考點，同時涉及了代詞it考點，根據like和as考點可以幹掉ABCD。根據it考點可以幹掉BCD。

6

主謂一致

出現頻率：8% 難度係數：??（2星）

NO.1 主語有很長的修飾語

一般主謂一致的考題，都是考察我們能不能找到核心的主語是誰，所以往往給名詞跟很長的定語，梳理清楚之後，主語的單複數是比較容易判斷的。

NO.2 倒裝結構

倒裝結構往往也是考察主謂一致，記住，如果你在謂語動詞前面沒有找到主語，一定碰到了倒裝結構，倒裝結構的真主是緊跟謂語之後的名詞。

Out of America』s fascination with all things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing back the chaise lounge, the over- stuffed sofa, and the claw-footed bathtub.

A) things antique have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

B) things antique has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that is bringing

C) things that are antiques has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

D) antique things have grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that are bringing

E) antique things has grown a market for bygone styles of furniture and fixtures that bring

本題出現了倒裝結構，主語是a market，謂語動詞只能使用單數形式has grown，所以選項AD 錯誤。

7

時態

出現頻率：7% 難度係數：????（4星）

時態永遠是為了傳遞不同的時間概念，所以不要強求所有時態一致，因為時態就是為了服務不同的表達含義，並不是為了全世界長的一樣。所以根據場景判斷這裡動詞是怎樣的時間概念，然後根據時間概念來確定動詞的時態。

Although a surge in retail sales have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.

A) have raised hopes that there is a recovery finally

B) raised hopes for there being a recovery finally

C) had raised hopes for a recovery finally being

D) has raised hopes that a recovery is finally

E) raised hopes for a recovery finally

本題考察時態，句子本身沒有明確的時間概念，通過主從句時態一致原則來判斷。主句時態是一般現在時態，從句使用屬於現在範疇的時態比較合適，所以BCE錯誤。

8

邏輯主語

出現頻率：6% 難度係數：???（3星）

邏輯主語往往是doing或者done放到句首，要求句子的主語是doing或者done的動作發出者或者接受者。

Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Mu?ller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.

A) Mu?ller began his career in an unpromising apprenticeship as

B) Mu?ller』s career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as

C) Mu?ller』s career began with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

D) Mu?ller had begun his career with the unpromising apprenticeship of being

E) the career of Mu?ller has begun with an unpromising apprenticeship of

本題是典型的給出doing結果，考察邏輯主語是誰更加合適。這裡spanning表示跨度和範圍，邏輯主語是career比較合適，所以AD錯誤。

9

非謂語動詞

出現頻率：5% 難度係數：????（4星）

非謂語動詞這裡最喜歡考察的是 SVO, doing.的結構中，首先doing不可以跨過逗號就近修飾名詞，doing可以作主語的伴隨狀語，也可以作整句話的結果狀語。

The cameras of the Voyager II spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus,which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.

(A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

(B) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit

(C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around

(D) doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting

(E) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit

這道題目選項的第一個差異點就是在考察：結果狀語 VS 定語從句，前面整件事發生導致了後面的結果，應該適用which指代前面一整句話還是doing作為結果狀語，在gmat考試中which不可以指代一整句話，所以ACE 錯誤。

好啦，以上就是比較常考的SC知識點，你都掌握了嗎？如果你已經接近考試，那麼著重看出現頻率高及難度高的知識點無疑會是個比較好的選擇。但是，SC考察往往不是一道題只有一個知識點，因此努力形成完整而全面的知識點網路才是佔據語法高分的最好辦法。