美版知乎：為什麼很多在中國人在他們的政體下不感到被壓迫？

quora:Why is it that alot of Chinese people dont feel oppressed by their regime?

為什麼很多在中國人在他們的政體下不感到被壓迫？

http://quora.com 是美國版的知乎，匯聚了來自世界的精英學者、行業專家。這個網站上有一些關於中國的話題非常有趣，經常有一些外國小白問一些偏見滿滿又十分腦殘的問題——如本題，然後被網友們打臉甚至群毆的事情，比中宣部的戰鬥力大概高100的1000次方倍吧，呵呵，不說了，我得給克強同志打個電話先。

問題：

Ive known only a few Chinese people who were abroadfor study/work (expats excluded), and most of them didnt feel oppressed atall.

On the contrary, one in particular, was very happyabout it, and he felt that the government was a great help to the population.

How is that possible?

Edit (1 month and 33 answers later):

Thanks everybody for the answers. Some were morehelpful than others, of course, but thats how it goes.

Just one addendum: stop counselling me to come visitChina and see for myself unless you want to sponsor the trip for me, as I donthave the spare cash right now.

Thanks.

我只認識少數幾個在海外工作或學習的中國人，他們大部分完全沒有感受到壓迫。

相反，特別是其中一個人，對政府感到非常高興，他感到政府幫了國民很大的忙。

這怎麼可能？

編輯（在1個月內得到33個回答後）：

謝謝所有回答的人。有一些人的答案比別人更有用，這是當然的，事情總是這樣。

只補充一點：請不要再建議我到中國去親眼看看了，除非你願意贊助我，因為我現在沒有足夠的存款。

謝了。

回答

Lucas Karl Hahn

268 upvotes by Naiwei Li, Xun Wang, Shijia Wei, (more)

You have to look at it from their perspective.

你要從他們的角度看問題。

China had a really bad 150-200 years until around the year 1980. Inthe mid-nineteenth century it experienced foreign occupation, a Taipingrebellion where millions died, and starvation, all at the same time. Then thedynasty collapsed in 1912, and China was carved up by warlords. The 1930s and1940s saw simultaneous civil war between the CCP and the KMT as well asJapanese occupation with the attendant war crimes (i.e. Rape of Nanking, massbeheadings). It then got unified under the Communist Party in 1949 and somehoped for a lasting peace but then the Communist Party became radicalized. Theresult was the Great Leap Forward, where some tens of millions starved to deathbecause of harebrained ideas such as making steel in your own backyard furnace.The 1960s and 1970s saw upheaval, power struggles and the Cultural Revolution.It quieted down a bit in 1980.

在1980以前的150到200年間，中國的日子相當不好過。19世紀中期它同時經歷了外國侵略，導致了上百萬人死亡的太平天國，以及饑荒。1912年軍閥割據時代的到來，使它徹底倒塌。30年代和40年代，同時發生了國共內戰和抗日戰爭，日本在中國犯下了可怕的戰爭罪行（即南京大屠殺）。1949年它被CCP統一，那時人們渴望過持久的和平，但不就後CCP卻變得很激進。其結果就是大躍進，在這期間因為一些腦抽的想法，比如在你家後院的鍋里鍊鋼，讓千百萬人餓死。60年代到70年代它又經歷了動蕩，權利鬥爭和文革。1980年一切終於平息了一些。

China then saw double-digit growth for 3 decades, bringing tens millions outof poverty. That is why authoritarianism is tolerated, because material needsare being fulfilled.

之後中國迎來了30年的兩位數增長，讓千百人脫離了貧窮。這就是為什麼獨裁主義被人們忍受，因為物質需求得到了滿足。

Think about their reference points. They probably dont compare their nation asmuch to other countries as they do to Chinas past. And right now things arentas bad as they were 50 or 100 years ago. Ronald Reagan asked the Americanvoters in 1980 "Are you better off than you were 4 years ago?" andproceeded to win the election against incumbent Carter, because the answer wasclearly "No." If the CCP were to ask the Chinese people "Are youbetter off than you were 40 years ago?" the answer would be a resounding"Yes!" (though there is some nostalgia for socialism).

想想他們的角度。也許與把國家拿去與其他國家比較相比，他們更願意與中國的過去比較。如今不像50年或100年前那麼糟糕。里根總統在1980年問美國選民：「你們與比4年前更好嗎？」，因此打敗了時任總統卡特，因為答案明顯是「no」。如果CCP要問中國人「你們比40年前更好了嗎？」答案會是一個響亮的「yes」（儘管也有部分對社會主義的懷念）。

These reference points make the current regime look good. The Chinesetolerate a strong central government because they fear the two evils of civilwar and foreign dominance.

這樣的視角使現在的政體看上去很好。中國人容忍一個強大的集權政府，因為他們恐懼兩個惡魔——內戰與外敵

Chinas economic growth cannot continue indefinitely at these rates. It willslow down, and see decades of slow growth. While a person who can remember 1970or 1980 or 1990 will see a huge difference between then and now,eventually ageneration of Chinese people will be born who have seen little change in theirmaterial status during their lifetimes. This will lead to impatience with theCCP and a greater assertiveness in demanding political reforms.

中國經濟的增長速度不可能一直如此快速。它最終會慢下來，然後經歷幾十年的慢增長。當如今的人還能記得1970或1980或1990年的不同時，最終會有一代中國人會生在慢增長的年代，他們一生中只會感到他的物質水平只有一點點變化。這最終會導致對CCP的不滿，和xxxx（譯註：太反動了不敢翻自己看）。

Once people reach a certain level of income, they will care about"postmaterial" needs such as good governance, a clean environment,the rule of law. So the current regime will be transformed either way:if growth continues the people will eventually want other things as well, andif it stagnates they lose their popular support.

當人們的收入達到一定水準時，他們會更關心「上層建築」，比如好的政府，乾淨的環境，法律。所以現在的政體無論如何都會轉變：如果增長持續著，人們最終會想要點別的東西，如果增長停滯了，他們將失去民眾的支持。

Shijia Wei, Chinese learning more about China

436 upvotes by Domenico Matteo, Eric Pan, Roy Peng, (more)

Judging from your profile I guess you are German. TheGerman news is in particular critical of the PRC and the CPC and often portraysthem in a negative light. Even when there are some compliments, its usuallyfollowed by some criticizing remarks. The funny thing is, while Germanjournalism resents China for its CPC one-party system and governmentrestrictions on the press, German business is fond of China as a profitable newmarket, so the German politics is stuck somewhere in between.

從你的資料來看我猜你是個德國人。德國新聞對PRC和CCP尤為苛刻，經常從負面去描寫他們。即使有一些恭維，那也是陰陽怪氣的。有趣的是，當德國記者在鄙視一黨制和政府對媒體言論的限制時，德國商人卻非常愛這個利潤巨大的新市場，所以德國政客正陷在兩難之中。

Notice how all three parties are concerned with their own perspectives andstandpoints, but what about Chinese people who are actually living in China?The feeling is mixed. Many Chinese have seen their own situation improved frombeing poor to being well-off to affluent and seen Chinas internationalposition risen from the lowest pit to an important global player. They creditthis to the Chinese government and want them to keep on doing this goodwork.

注意這三方面各自站在自己的視角和立場，那麼真正生活在中國的中國人怎麼想？想法是複雜的，混合的。許多中國人看見了自己從貧窮變為富裕，看見了中國的國際地位從屁都不是到舉足輕重。他們把這些功勞歸給了政府，並希望他們繼續保持。

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

同時，也有很多社會問題，比如貪腐，污染，法律不健全，貧富差距拉大，沒有特權的平民因為社會公益服務的缺乏或盈利目的而被忽略。有些人指責政府做的不夠好，但也有人希望這些會因為進一步的發展和改革變好。有人說，這些問題是經濟急速發展造成的不可避免的結果，就像發達國家曾經經歷過的那樣。也有一些異見人士認為，推翻CCP是最好的解決辦法，但目前這種激進的想法在中國並不是很吃香，許多中國人更傾向於循序漸進的提升。這一部分原因是政府打壓異見人士，如艾XX，胡X，這些人雖然是德國媒體眼中的大紅人，在中國卻沒人鳥；另一部分原因是中國人害怕失去國家和自己的家庭已經得到的東西，他們更願意在現行體制的規則下來提升生活品質，而不是革命。

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

總的來說，一般的中國人更多關心的是如何在當前的政治環境下提高自己的經濟地位而不是推翻這一體制。即使當人們不滿時他們也更多的是關注他們不滿意的現實問題(如對腐敗、污染、不擴大的貧富差距以及一些特權階級問題的忽視)，而不是對政府或政治整體表示不滿(至少在公共場合是這樣)。中國當前的這一代人對於改革抱有很大的耐心，這是因為他們看到暴力革命推翻政府給普通百姓帶來的災難(注意，中國的媒體在這點上起到了促進作用)同時近三十年的改革也使普通家庭獲益。最重要的是，當今中國工作競爭非常激烈，在家人或同伴的壓力下努力去實現中國人(或大多數人?)理解的成功——成家立業。所以並沒有太多的空閑時間去思考政治參與政治活動，也沒有精力去承擔(尋求?)這些風險。

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

西方媒體塑造的那些中國人受到壓迫哭著要民主的形象，並不是真的。有人確實希望民主，但他們把它保留到未來，當國民水準已經達到有更多政治需求的水平時。儘管政府努力減少影響，還是有不少國民知道，一些糟糕的事情發生了。但很多人要不然就麻木的接受現實，要不然還是盼望著，未來這些情況會逐漸改變。人們對猛然轉入民主體制度是否會帶來好處並不是很確信。許多中國人對民主如何改變社會現狀，或對他們有什麼好處，或民主到底是如何運作的，只有一個模糊的印象。一個普遍的見解是，政治家的工作就是去解決社會問題，這樣沒有力量去改變什麼的普通中國人就不需要花時間去思考政治了。跟他們討論經濟吧，那個對政治冷漠的中國人會馬上生龍活虎的跟你討論中國的經濟發展。

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

P.s. 許多中國人確實不喜歡網路和媒體的限制，因為這些直接影響到了很多人。但僅靠這些是無法帶動anti政府潮流的。想一想「這一切都會過去的」，便會讓他們忘了這些不方便。

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

中國政府努力而高效，巧妙地提高了國民的生活品質。

中國憲法限制國家元首的任期為5年，最多連任一屆。雖然不是一人一票的民主制，但中國的體系與壓迫百姓的獨裁天差地別。

I visited China first in 2006 after listening to years of western commentary onalleged Chinese repression. In China I was able to walk anywhere and talk toanybody. I watched Chinese English language television and saw many opencriticisms of the Government on some programmes.

我在聽了許多年西方媒體那套說辭之後，於2006年第一次拜訪了中國。在中國我可以到處走動，和任何人說話。我看中國的英文電視台，有很多節目公開批評政府。

The Chinese government has brought 600 million people out of poverty and hungerand given them good housing, clothing and education. All this in three decades.Nothing as beneficial to humanity has happened in the history of the world.Its no surprise Chinese people support their government.

中國政府讓6億人脫離了貧困和飢餓，給了他們房子，衣服和教育。完成這一切只用了30年。歷史上再也沒有比這更有益於人類的事了。中國人支持他們的政府一點不讓人吃驚。

Edward Conway

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

如果你的政府讓幾億人脫離了貧窮和飢餓，過上了體面的生活，你會感到被壓迫嗎？

儘管PRC會犯錯（所有國家都會犯錯），他也讓中國人的生活得到了巨大提升。

想想過去：1940s，日本侵略中國，還有中國的內戰。

然後中國參加了朝鮮戰爭，失去了很多生命。

然後是文革，年輕人到處批鬥，逮捕任何不夠崇拜Mao的人。

這才是真正的壓迫：人們害怕失去生命。

之後，事情逐漸變好了。讓成千上百的人死亡的饑荒呢？再也沒有了。在內戰時期隨意殺人的暴徒呢？再也沒有了。

讓我們接受這個事實，如果你的收入在十年之內翻倍，你的國家在急速發展，你會感覺受壓迫嗎？

Oliver Lee

13 upvotes by Joseph Boyle, Emmetxu Emmetxu, Ivan Cc, (more)

I was born in Countryside and both my father andmother are farmers. When I was 7 years old, we only have one Television coloredin black and white, one bicycle with huge size, a house without bathroom. Iwent to college and got a job after graduated. Now we have colored TV, Motorcycle, refrigerator, washing machine, we built a new house. Besides, I have abrother and a sister. Let the truth speaks, even through China did somethingwrong in the past, but have your countries ever did something good to us?

我出生在農村，我的父母都是農民。我7歲時，我們只有一台黑白電視，一架大單車，一棟沒有浴室的房子。我上了大學，畢業後找了一份工作。現在我們有了彩色電視，電摩托，冰箱，洗衣機，我們建了一棟新房子。另外，我還一個妹妹和一個弟弟（譯註：或哥哥姐姐）。讓事實說話，即便這個曾經對我們做了一些錯事，但你的國家對我們做過什麼好事嗎？

Vernon William Baumann

8 upvotes by Chengguang Liu, Graham Lyons, GwydionMadawc Williams, (more)

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

1.問問你自己，「中國人真的被壓迫了嗎？」你所知道的關於中國人的一切都是被那些西方操控著的媒體灌輸的（順便說一句，大部分媒體都只被6個集團擁有）。除了中國人不能在網上搜索天X門事件和一些其他的媒體限制，政府要如何壓迫他們的日常生活？如果在美國，我在公眾論壇，網上或其他方式說我支持基地組織……我大概要擔心是不是要被鋪了。就只是因為說了這句話。所以誰才是真正被壓迫的呢。愛國者法案（考慮到持續監督公眾論壇和其他侵犯人身自由的行為）讓美國人成為世界上最受壓迫的人。所以誰才是真正被壓迫的呢？

2. Eastern culture, as a whole, is far morecollectivist and hive-centred than western culture, which is predominatelyindividualistic. Chinese people are far more willing to make personal and othersacrifices for the sake of the greater whole, China and the Chinese government,in this case. So that alone makes them less likely to revolt against theirgovernment.

2.相比西方文化中的個人主義，東方文化總體來說更強調集體主義。中國人比西方人更願意為集體——這裡是中國和中國政府——做出個人的或其他的犧牲。所以這讓他們不太可能去反感他們的政府。

3. The Chinese economy is still the worlds fastestgrowing economy (I speak under correction). In tandem with this, the militaryand diplomatic might of the Chinese government is growing in leaps and http://bounds.In addition to the US and Russia, China is also the only other genuine playerin the space race.

3.中國的經濟增長速度依然是世界最快的（這個說法有待糾正）。與此同時，軍隊力量和外交力量也急劇上升。另外，美國、俄羅斯和中國，是世上僅有的三個真正的太空競賽玩家。

The government is obviously doing a stellar job. Sowhy would you have a problem with a state like this, as a citizen? Rather, itwould engender pride as opposed to anything like revolt. Wouldnt you agree? Iwould be proud of a government like that, I assure you. I live in South Africa whereour president built a $20 million mansion at the tax payers expense and earnsthe worlds fourth largest salary as a political leader. And yet, together withBrazil, we are the country with the largest disparities between rich and poor.

政府顯然做的很一流。所以作為國民，你為什麼要對這樣的國家產生懷疑？相反，這隻會激發自豪。你不同意嗎？我會對這樣的政府感到驕傲，我保證。我生活在南非，我們的總統用2億美元的稅金，建立了一座大廈，他的工資是世界元首中的第四位。然後，和巴西一起，我們是世上貧富差距做大的國家。

So tell me, would you feel oppressed in a country likeChina ... if you were a Chinese citizen? I would feel only gratitude ... andpride...

所以告訴我，為什麼作為像中國這樣國家的國民，你要感到被壓迫？（譯註：我也不知道呢，問問港燦和灣灣吧，他們好像知道。）如果是我，我只會感到感激……和自豪……

4. The US has been policing and controlling the worldfor the last half a century. China is slowly moving into this position. I dontfear Chinese hegemony at all. I think the US did a terrible job as WorldPoliceman. I dont China could, in any way, do a worse job. So yeah, my twoYuans worth...

4. 美國在過去的半個世紀一直掌控著世界。中國正在逐漸抵達這個地位。我一點不害怕中國的霸權。我認為美國做世界警察做的很糟糕。我不認為中過會搞砸。好了，我這兩元值了。

William Emmanuel Yu, Chief Nerd.PHB and PHD.

7 upvotes by Greg Kemnitz, Adrian Ho, Kuan Kiat Chew, (more)

It is because we have a difference of values. The mostobvious one is freedom of speech and expression.

這是因為我們有不同的價值觀。最明顯的就是看待言論自由的問題上。

Folks outside of China value this freedom and consider it essential in modernsociety. We consider it unthinkable to not have it. However, the Chinese (andeven some other South East Asian countries) have made the trade-off to haveless freedom of speech and expression for societal security. This meansgenerations of Chinese didnt grow up with it and dont consider it essentialto everyday life. They simply dont put the same value on it as we do.

中國以外的人視自由為重要價值，認為它是現代社會的基本需求。我們認為那是不得不需要的。但是，中國人（甚至一些東南亞國家）用言論自由去交換了社會安全。這說明幾代中國人的成長過程中沒有經歷過它，不認為它是生活的必需品。他們不像我們那樣重視它。

In their view, Freedom of speech just isnt as fundamental as food, water andshelter compared to us.

在他們看來，言論自由不像我們認為的那樣，和食物、水和庇護所一樣是生活的基本需要。

Tony Li 3 votes (show)

Put another way, the Chinese teach the concept of Harmony. This conceptis higher on their scale of importance than Freedom.

換言之，中國人被教導和諧的概念。他們認為這個概念比自由更重要。

Lung Ko

If you had to let go just one thing among food, shelter, water, andfreedom of speech, which would you give up?

如果你要放棄食物，庇護，水和言論自由中的一樣，你會選哪個？

Jianguo Shi

In fact, the freedom of speech is only limited in some aspects.Comparing the online comments in China and the US, you will find the speech inChina is more open and bold, or freer.

事實上，言論自由只是在某些方面被限制。拿中國網路上的言論與美國相比，你會發現中國的言論更加開放大膽，或者說，更自由。

Sean Bard

3 upvotes by Lin Lishi, Scott Hoversten,and Xu Xu.

For the most part, normal Chinese people tend not tocare or pay attention to politics as long as their life is getting better yearafter year.

只要普通中國人的生活一年比一年更好，他們就不會關注政治。

Marshall Drew

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

我感覺我很缺乏有關中國VS美國在意識形態，經濟原則和政治方面的信息。不過，我是個美國人，我曾經抱著同樣的看法到吉林去旅遊。當我與我的寄宿家庭聊天時，我也問過他們同樣的問題，同時開始令人討厭的斥責他們的政府扭曲歷史，告訴他們這個政府多麼的邪惡。他們一點不了解和關心他們的政府。作為餐廳營業者他們似乎沒怎麼受影響，稅收、強制執法和西方國家的生活似乎並沒有影響到他們。過了一陣子後，我也有這種感覺了。我沒有看到任何強制執法和國家特工，他們並不干預普通人的生活。我不敢說我的經歷能代表吉林，更別說中國其他地方，但是這是我對為什麼那裡沒有很多異見人士的解釋。

Tim Durkin

11 upvotes by Domenico Matteo, Gary Raduziner, Joseph Boyle, (more)

（正文過長，刪除部分英文原文）

大部分中國人不感到他們被政府壓迫是因為大部分中國人沒有被政府壓迫。

除非你是一個宗教異見人士，或者anti人民共和國的少數民族，或者民主活動者，你不會被壓迫。你也許要忍受審查機構，少了一些經濟自由，不能對政府採取強力的行動，不過你得看看，這世界上哪個國家的公民在這些領域裡是完全自由的。

雖然中國政府在這些方面的干涉和監管比西方更多一些，但中國也給他的國民在私生活方面更多的空間，收更少的稅。

Barry Thompson

4 upvotes by Naiwei Li, Graham Lyons, Lin Peng, (more)

Out of all the governments in the world Chinas ispretty successful. China has experience amazing growth and development and isvery, very stable. They have freedom! Sure they have problems, but show me acountry that doesnt. Democracy wont solve any of Chinas problems. All youllget is 5 minutes of people thinking this is great, then theyll soon realisethat they just got 1 or 2% more freedom in exchange for loosing any stabilitythey had and they can watch as the economy crashes. There are lots of democraciesout there with some serious problems, far greater than Chinas. But people inthe west stumble to think up of an excuse for them.

Another point Id like to make is that the actual day to day freedom differencebetween the west and China is nothing worth while noticing. The freedom in thewest is blown out of proportion. Often times its a trade off, between certainfreedoms. There are lots of things you can do in "unfree" countriesthat you cant do in "free" ones.

在世界所有政府當中，中國政府算是相當成功的。中國經歷了令人驚人的從成長，而且非常、非常穩定。他們有自由！他們當然也有問題，但你告訴我哪個國家沒有。民主不能解決中國任何一個問題。也許前五分鐘人們會想，民主真棒，但很快他們會意識到，他們能多得到1%或2%的自由，但因此卻犧牲了他們擁有的穩定。當經濟崩塌的時候他們就會看到。這世界上有許多麻煩多多的民主國家，他們的問題比中國大的多。但是西方人總是固執的為他們找理由。

另外我還想說一點，日常生活中中國人和西方人的自由根本沒什麼差別。西方的自由只不過在吹牛逼。它常常是一個在不同自由之間的交易。有很多事情，你可以在「不自由」的國家做，但不能在「自由」的國家做。

Joseph Schooling

1 upvote by Edward Conway.

Because they are not oppressed. Simple.

因為他們沒有被壓迫。就這麼簡單。

Shunki Kan

7 upvotes by Susan Wang, Qing Lian, Yaqian Wang, (more)

As a foreigner, I can image the majority of theChinese people you may know, they are students, or graduated students wholiving in a foreign country. They have ulmost no self-dependent livingexperiences in China. Some of them are offspring of Chinas elites and they arebeneficiaries of the current regime. I mean, how can they know the truedarkness of the Chinese society and how the poor Chinese people feel?

作為一個外國人，我可以想像大部分你認識的中國人，他們是生活在國外的大學生或研究生。他們幾乎沒有在中國獨立生活過。有一些人是中國精英的後代，他們是中國現任體制的獲益者。我的意思是，他們怎麼會了解中國真正的黑暗面，中國的窮人是怎麼想的？

Warren Schenck

I dont feel oppressed by my regime and yet they areoppressing me. In the US. our government has been oppressive for all of its history.I still believe that it is wonderful to live here and I would never moveanywhere else. The Chinese believe the same thing about their own government.The Chinese know the government might not be perfect but their doing their bestfor the people.

The only criticism I have for the Chinese government is that when theineptitude of the system was displayed for the world to see. When faultyconstruction of schools caused thousands of children to die in the earthquake.The Government tried to cover it up rather than admit it made mistakes andwould commit to putting rules in place to make sure that things like this wouldnever occur again. You see at least here in the US. when mistakes are made theresponsible people are not always brought to justice but rules are put in placeto make it so that mistakes will not happen again.

我不覺得我的國家體制在壓迫我，雖然它確實在這麼做。我們的美國政府在歷史上一直是壓迫的。但我依然相信這裡是美好的，並且不打算搬到任何其他地方去。中國人也是這樣相信他們的政府的。中國人知道政府雖然不是完美的，但他們為了自己的人民在盡最大努力。我對中國政府唯一的批評是，當政府失職時，他們應該讓全世界看到。在地震中，上千個孩子因為豆腐渣工程死掉。政府試圖隱瞞，卻不承認錯誤，並制定規則保證這種錯誤不再發生。在美國，至少當政府犯錯時，並不是責任人都會得到審判，但一定會制定防止這種錯誤再次發生的規則。

Petr Misan, Investor, Scientist, AmateurPhilosop... (more)

The same reason Americans believe that their countryis democratic.

-- because of ideology.

跟美國人相信他們的國家是民主的同一個理由 —— 因為意識形態。

Anonymous

1 upvote by Joseph Boyle.

Likely because they are all educated to be patriots.Patriots never feel oppressions. Instead the harder the country treats them,the prouder they are, as they can feel the power of the country vividly..

Of course it works even better when people can have the pride without feelingthe pain, like Chinese people living abroad.

很可能是因為他們都被教育為了愛國者。愛國者從不感到壓迫。反而，國家越強勢的對待他們，他們就會感到越自豪，這樣他們會生動的感受到國家的力量。

如果只感到自豪，而不用去承受痛苦當然就更好了，就像生活在外國的中國人。

請支持獨立網站，轉載請註明本文鏈接：http://fm.m4.cn/2016-05/1308526.shtml