怎樣分析長難句
有的老師說要分析長難句，得先抓句子主幹。可怎麼抓他又說得含含糊糊。有人說要抓主謂賓，可我從哪下手，才能抓住主謂賓？還有人說要抓動詞，一個長難句中有那麼多動詞，我抓哪個呢？就好像咱媽總逼咱找個老婆，可外面那麼多老婆，我找誰的合適呢？
教師說話，必須一針見血，可操作、可複製。來跟著海歸灣的怪蜀黍Shelfom一起分析長難句。默念口訣：先做減法，後做加法。英文叫MBP：Minus Before Plus.
句子之所以長且難，是因為套了很多修飾、限定成分，所以我們先要把這些成分砍掉（主要是定語和狀語）。砍掉之後，主幹自動浮現。
定語主要指名詞後面的4種常見短語，如
-
介詞短語
fish ( in the water )
workers ( on duty )
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現在分詞短語
baby ( crying for milk )
crowds ( passing by )
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過去分詞短語
meeting ( held yesterday )
letter ( written in English )
-
不定式短語
nothing ( to do )
someone ( to talk to )
砍掉的，當然還包括定語從句和狀語從句這兩種修飾性從句。
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定語從句
mails ( which came this morning )
-
狀語從句
I agreed ( because I had no choice ).
簡稱四短二從，即四個短語和兩個從句。大家平時分析句子時要像上述例子一樣，先把「四短二從」括起來刪掉。看清句子主幹後，再一點一點加回來。看下面這個雅思閱讀真題中的句子。
A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 「leader」 in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.
先做減法，劃括弧：( A few years ago ), ( in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments ( in behavioural psychology ), Stanley Milgram ( of Yale University ) tested 40 subjects ( from all walks of life ( for their willingness ( to obey instructions ( given by a 「leader」 ( in a situation ( in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste ( for the actions ( they were called upon ( to perform.
句子主幹浮現：Stanley Milgram tested subjects. 即SM拿別人做了個實驗。
再做加法。
從離主幹最近的地方開始往回加
Stanley Milgram ( of Yale University ) tested 40 subjects ( from all walks of life......
目的狀語for their willingness ( to obey instructions修飾tested。
後置定語given by a「leader」修飾instructions。
地點狀語 in a situation修飾to obey。
定語從句in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste修飾situation。
後置定語for the actions修飾distaste。
定語從句they were called upon to perform修飾actions。
就是說：幾年前，耶魯這位大哥測驗了來自社會各界的40個人，想看看他們在本人不喜歡的前提下，是否願意遵從「領導」的指令。這項實驗跟海歸灣的教學風格一樣，極專業，極有趣，極變態。
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