怎樣寫一篇作文？（23）

我們在閱讀以及寫作舉例時有時候需要用到一些西方文化背景知識（比如歷史人物典故、地名、重大事件等等），那麼有什麼方法可以積累這些素材呢？

對此，我們可以專門閱讀一些介紹西方文化的書，這裡推薦一本：《西方文明簡史》（英文版影印版）。

《西方文明簡史》是一本美國大學歷史教材，書籍的敘事視角非常宏大，從古希臘文明一直講到21世紀的全球格局，書中對西方主要歷史事件都有所涉及。這本書能夠幫助你建立起一個「歷史框架」，幫助你梳理各個歷史事件之間錯綜複雜的關係。通讀完此書後你會對西方歷史有一個更加直觀的了解。如果你不知道蘇格拉底、柏拉圖和亞里士多德的關係，如果你不知道馬丁·路德是誰，如果你不知道19世紀的盧德運動（Luddite）是什麼，那麼強烈推薦你閱讀這本書。此外，由於此書是英文版，在閱讀過程中你還可以學到大量關於歷史事件、人物和地點的英文表述，這能夠有效增加你的辭彙量。

今天要分析的作文題目是：

Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

這是讀者投稿的習作：

習作/celesta

Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

In many countries, foreign visitors are charged more than local visitors to visit cultural and historical attractions. I strongly disagree with this idea.

To begin with, tourism contributes a lot to the economy of a country, for example, Indonesia. If foreign visitors are forced to pay more than local visitors, they may feel discriminated and not welcomed, which will do harm to tourism, as well as this country』s economy. In addition, there are often more domestic visitors than foreign visitors in most tourist attractions. Charging them differently makes little difference to the economy of the host country, so it is not necessary to charge foreign visitors more.

However, when it comes to some cultural and historical attractions such as museums and science centers where local people visit frequently, it is reasonable that local people pay less money for the tickets than foreign people.

Overall, it is not wise to charge foreign visitors more in cultural and historical attractions than local people in the long term.

這是我的點評版本：

思路分析：

Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

目前全球大多數景點對外國遊客和當地人都收取同樣的門票，但確實有部分景點會對外國遊客收取更高的價格。這種做法有其合理性，合理性在於：很多旅遊景點的維護和運營經費都要由當地納稅人承擔，所以當地人實際上已經為這些景點付過一次費了，他們應該享受門票優惠。另外一個原因是對於那些當地人需要經常去的景點（比如寺廟），每次都向他們收取同外地遊客同樣的門票顯得不太合理。

當然，對外國遊客收取過高門票也會有很大弊端，因為這會讓遊客認為他們受到了不公平對待，影響他們對當地的印象，這可能導致一部分人不願意去當地旅遊，從而影響了當地的旅遊業收入。

因此，這篇文章寫成支持或者不支持題目觀點都可以。下面是我寫的一個版本，僅供參考：

習作/魏劍峰

For the past few decades most countries have witnessed a rapid increase in tourists into their borders, and there is an argument that foreign visitors to heritage sites should be charged more than locals. I completely disagree with this idea.

At first glance, higher prices for visitors from overseas seem reasonable, as most cultural and historic monuments are restored and maintained using government funding, meaning that local people already pay to these sites through the tax system. However, upon further reflection one would find that such an approach is at best short-sighted, at worst counterproductive.

Foreign tourists contribute to the economy of the host country not only by paying entrance fees to cultural and historical sites, but also by spending on a wide range of goods and services, including transportation, food and accommodation. The money they spend could be a boon to local businesses, the prosperity of which helps to create jobs for local residents. When foreign visitors have to pay more to visit holiday destinations in a particular country, they may feel that they are treated unfairly and decide not to visit that country in the first place. Over time, this will result in a decline in the overall number of tourists and the attendant fall in tourism revenue and employment opportunities, to the detriment of everyone. It is therefore wiser for important sites and monuments to charge the same price regardless of nationality, an approach that is adopted by many world-famous tourist attractions such as the Forbidden City and Buckingham Palace.

To sum up, considering the contributions foreign tourists make to the economy of the host community, it is important that these tourists be able to pay the same as locals.