登月宇航員 Aldrin 知乎Live的航天相關

Live鏈接:

巴斯.奧爾德林的知乎Live——從月球回來這48年

巴斯.奧爾德林Buzz Aldrin，是乘坐阿波羅11號首批登月的宇航員。

奧爾德林是一位駕駛F-86參加朝鮮戰爭的美國空軍飛行員，被徵召到NASA後（在Para.I中，奧爾德林吐槽了一下空軍和宇航員的區別），一共有兩次太空旅行，第一次是雙子星12號，第二次就是著名的阿波羅11號了。

阿波羅11號一共安排了6名宇航員，3名機組人員和3名備份機組人員，機組人員中，尼爾.阿姆斯特朗是領航員/指揮，他因那一句「我的一小步，人類的一大步」而著名，而第二個踏上月球的宇航員，即登月艙駕駛，就是巴斯.奧爾德林，他在踏上月球後的第一句話是「Beautiful View」。（論如何在月球上文藝）

另一位邁克爾.柯林斯是軌道艙駕駛員，在登月艙著陸期間，他默默的在月球軌道上遙望著月球。。。（在Para.G中，柯林斯出鏡）

此後，奧爾德林依然活躍於航天界，他十分期待著

以下是這次Live中的奧爾德林原話，以及相應的背景介紹，名詞解析。才疏學淺，掛一漏萬，歡迎共同探討：

這次對奧爾德林的採訪主要包括以下話題：

對宇航員的危險性Para.C、太空旅行Para.D、商業航天Para.E、

阿波羅11號的小故事Para.F~H、阿波羅11號上的心理感受和所見Para.O/P

飛行員和宇航員的異同Para.I、宇航員訓練Para.K/L、航天種植飼養Para.M、

航天開採Para.N、國際合作Para.Q。

0:07============================Para.A

Hi, Im Dr. Buzz Aldrin !

翻譯：你好，地球人~

猜猜下面哪位是奧爾德林。。。

真的不是哪位都不是。。。

0:57============================Para.B

Early astronauts, of course, needed tobe a very good physical condition, because we didnt know what space is goingto be like, but we also stress the day would be test pilots, which meansexpriences, reations, jet pilots, so they could react quickly in the eventssth. went wrong. Now there are more long duration flights are taking place,then more long term resistance, more psychological situations need to be accountedfor. Of course we now have male and females that was not that way early in thespace programs.

這一段主要講的是當年和現在的宇航員的挑戰，當年人們對太空的環境知之甚少，一切從零起步，於是一開始的太空實驗就選用了動物，其中蘇聯喜好狗，美國喜歡黑猩猩，這樣便逐漸發展出了能讓人活下來的載人飛船和宇航服（要求別太高，活著回來）。而登月宇航員面臨的挑戰不是高的一點半點，因為之前的載人飛船，即使是高軌道飛行，也遠不及月球軌道的距離。這尤其在宇宙射線輻射上存在嚴峻的考驗。

而如今，則是長期的太空飛行所需要解決的一系列生理和心理上的問題。如，長期在太空失重環境下必須鍛煉肌肉，不然肌肉功能會萎縮，最常見的健身方式就是騎自行車了。

細心的朋友會發現我說的和奧爾德林說的。。。異曲同工吧。

1:52============================Para.C

描述：當時很危險，我看了很多次紀錄片

Early in the space program, we felt more accidents in space, thats might, takea toll on the number of astronauts, but that was not the case, until the spaceshuttle , early in the program, we had aircraft accidents in training, that washigher, a result, casualties.

Than actual space flight, when we got into theshuttle program, there were design shortages, because, the first, accident, theChallenger accident which exploited during flight, during lunch, the Colombiaaccident, was because of, some of them, insulation. during launch, or cameback, and hit the wing and cause the wing to have a whole in it, that did notcause anything until the spacecraft came back and, reenter, and the hot gaswent into the wing, again, it was not a problem of astronaut actions, it wasthe design floor of the Shuttle system that caused those accidents.

太空梭黨高能預警，迅速退散！事實上太空梭雖然事故率並不高，但是一旦出事很容易一鍋端，因此太空梭的確貢獻了世界上最慘烈的兩次航天事故，共14人遇難。我們並不是要否定太空梭的價值，太空梭和當時的一系列黑科技類似，想法很超前，可惜可靠性存在問題。哥倫比亞號的失事原因確實如奧爾德林所說的機翼損傷（挑戰者號不是） 。

航天任務的確很危險，不過看過Para.I後，就會覺得，他們在飛行員的時候，已經是高危職業了，因此，這個危險，對他們而言，沒有常人那麼危險 了 。

0:49============================Para.D

The earlier, tourism place, were into orbiter for few orbits, they could go tothe space station and stay there for, maybe three or four days or a week, andthen come back again, there were tourism flight, of course, that the Russianswere planning doing but havent done yet, which would leave the earth, andcircle around the moon ,and then come back, that would take than seven days, I』vebeen working on cycling orbits that world do the same thing, regular bases, thecyler would going back and forth.

這一段是對太空旅行的簡明描述，國際空間站已經接納太空旅客了，收費預計$5千萬左右，之前的幾位旅客的價位在$2~4千萬了。

1:50============================Para.E

The launchers into orbits, we call commercial because, they are, done bycommercial company, but they use the different launchers, and they are, prettymuch managed by the government, at their launchers, two, are government spacestation, but we call those commercial launchers they may be taken, governmentastronauts form other countries, in the future we will be taking, commercialflights again. Commercial spacecraft acquired by the government to takegovernment people to orbit, around the moon, and they will be doing tests, fromorbit, perhaps, a six month period, we can also send, commercial flights, withgovernment people, that would join up with a lander that is in a lower orbit,that can land and come back up again and be a reusable lander and that』s notfor tourism.

Of course, we could take tourists to and from the moon,come back. They would join up with the cycler. And then depart the cyclercoming back.

接下來涉及到的是對商業飛行的介紹。其實，這就類似於一個大企業當年花大的代價實現了一些技術，現在呢，大企業沒錢了，也很臃腫，於是通過各種渠道，有一些新企業願意進來，以很低的價格來實現這一目標，這裡有背景十分濃厚的Orbiter公司（背景DOD，比較人家拿洲際導彈發射衛星），也有名氣最大的SpaceX。奧爾德林先生顯然不是他們的代言人，即不做廣告，也不排斥他們。

而在太空旅遊和商業航天領域，奧爾德林都提到了Cycler，Aldrin Cycler是奧爾德林1985年提出的一個航天器設想，可以稱之為奧爾德林循環器，屬於地球到火星之間的Mars Cyler的一種，其提前在拉格朗日點L1放置循環航天器用於補給（拉格朗日點是兩個星體的萬有引力抵消的地方，因此維持軌道幾乎不耗費能源）約146天地球抵達火星（當然你需要阿紫火星上待16個月，才能繼續用146天這麼短的時間返回地球）。。。

2:51============================Para.F

We had, departed the rocket, and had joined up with the lander, and thespacecraft we were launch again, we look around and saw something, that didntlook like that it shouldnt been there, its light moving and that meanstheres something else there, and of course I knew and all of us knew, thatwhen we separated, there were covers covering up the lander ,so these weremoved way, and went 4 different directions, and of course, looking out, wecould have been looking at that, and we wanted to take a close look with atelescope in the sector on board, and of course, we did want to, transmit backto the earth, that everybody else, orders, lie out there, that we dont knowwhat it is, that would not be a very smart thing because that would

EXCITED

everybody "what is that? ", "what is that ?" so we, get investigatingourselves, and asked, where the rocket was, and when, mission controller saidthat is six thousand miles away, that was not what we were seeing and it hadbeen one of those panels, now you can say that there was a little unusual,until we think about things.

Also on our flight, we discovered that there was, a broken, circuit breaker,that has to bring electricity to, the engine, to lift off, so we can come backhome, and if it was broken, we were not sure we can complete the circuit , theleader was people back on earth, so, they said, why you do a sleep period. Idont want to go to sleep now on the surface at the moment, and well look intothe difficulty, see if we can, figure a way around it

阿波羅11號剛發射不久後的地球印象，第一段小插曲就發生在這一段時間。EXCITED。。。

0:52============================Para.G

When we woke up and they said: well ,there is a way around it but we are goingto try and push that in much earlier just before launch.

so we did that, that was my finger, that was the metal, that was it , felt,pencil.

And when I did back, Michael Collins said Ah, it』s good! It』s good! Complete!

so we launched, okay, so thats an usual thing, ah because the consequences,could have been that we would have to say there on the moon, and thats notgood.

本段柯林斯友情客串，柯林斯最終只在飛船軌道艙繞著月球飛行了，這就是柯林斯的軌道艙，奧爾德林或阿姆斯特朗拍攝。。。

0:33============================Para.H

Observation, because here we didnt know we could fix it or they could fix it.and usually its difficult to go to sleep, with that answer, but it reallydidnt bother us, we knew that we were more important, the solution would come,yes, we know.

這三段講了他們在阿波羅11號時的一個小插曲，畢竟這麼漫長的登月旅途總得發生點什麼（想發生特別多的，可以去看電影《阿波羅13號》），

一次是有個不該有的東西飄出來了，他們也想不好解決辦法，結果休斯敦的地面人員就勸他們睡會吧，奧爾德林說我睡得著嘛我，最後還是睡了，等醒來的時候，地面已經找到原因了。

還有一次是登月艙的一個電路壞了，有多嚴重呢，奧爾德林開玩笑說，這個毛病可以把他們留在月球上。。。不過最終也有驚無險的修好了。

這張圖就是奧爾德林，而他的頭罩上反射出阿姆斯特朗了，因此是一張兩人的合影~

2:25============================Para.I

Well, in the military service, you are, serving somewhere, and its dangerous,if youre flying airplanes, you could, should hit him down or he shoot youdown, and you might not come back, you might be a prisoner. Now, we know thatcan happen, to us, the people back home, of course, it could happen also.

Andthe space program was not that much, different, but it, it is much more sensational,because the whole world is watching. What would happened. When we journey to Mars,or staying at the moon for long periods, more than a few days, the radiation isgoing to be greater and greater, well outside the protection, that the earthhas, especially going to Mars, until we go below the atmosphere here. And onthe surface of Mars, there is a lot of radiation, taking steps to protect thecrew on the Mars, and limiting the time, that they would be, maybe six months ,I think there is even greater, and that is, in the mentor health of the crewmembers for a long time. and we put someone in space, and he is going to comeback in a year, what he knows that before he ever goes, and he get less andless when he is up there, .now if he is there and he is not going to come back,there are many other mentor problems he may have, he may regret there, he maybegin to dislike the people.

這一段就是奧爾德林吐槽空軍飛行員和宇航員兩者的異同了，都是高危職業（那時候美國空軍比現在的美國空軍危險多了，那個時候美國空軍最大的敵人還不是美國海軍。。。），不同點則在於，全世界幾乎都在看著他們登月的直播（不過某個國家不是）。

隨後奧爾德林談到了火星宇航員，畢竟火星宇航員承受的心理壓力和宇宙射線危害的風險要比現在的宇航員大得多。

0:32============================Para.J

We』ll gonna work well, now that it』s going to the end in several months but itsokay, it』s go on and on and on, so, to me, I see, the, the crew members is more seriously. I do think we have put solutionsnow but they needed to be more advanced, they were take more work

1:20============================Para.K

When we came along, no not very many had gone to space, certainly not, not manyhad gone, up to space, and to float outside, to do spacewalk outside, that wassomething, that both the Russian and the US.

Ihad to pioneer to get more, more comfortable, and I was the first astronaut totrain underwater, I』ve been a diver before, so I knew that it would help, andit did, and now everyone trains underwater, floating underwater, they float inthe space, and it』s very good, quite accurate for a long time, for a shorttime, we can fly the airplanes, but that is about 30s max, of zero gravity

即使是現在，去過太空的人仍然少之又少，他們那個時候就更是了，去過月球的只有他和阿姆斯特朗，於是他覺得他們有必要去擔當先驅者。

這裡他提到他是接受潛水太空訓練的先行者，當然他本來就會潛水了。潛水的浮力模擬的失重效果非常好用，因此後來潛水訓練宇航員的方式就推廣開了。當然飛機也能模擬失重，不過。。。最多30秒了。

0:42============================Para.L

And now the astronauts don』t train the other astronauts, if there are in thesame crew, and of course that for training as a group, but there are, trailers,then after a supervised training, then we do in a simulator, there are,instructors outside the simulator, who are watching what we do, sometimes wehave a very big for the entire mission, and we have everyone, around in themission control.

這一段延續上一段的宇航員訓練的話題，宇航員和飛行員都會有自己的模擬器，用於模擬儘可能多的情況。當然了，模擬器內外，一雙雙眼睛盯著你。

1:53============================Para.M

To spend a long time in space either at the moon, or at Mars, we will certainly,hope that we can use, the ice for fuel, and for water to drink, we hope to growwheat, vegetables, and and perhaps, have fish, in sort of when things get more mature, but certainly, ah, we don』 wantto keep sending, food, from earth, up to people in space, our space station isvery little, that is grown in space, just for, experiments for testing rightnow.

But what people are living on the moon, they will be using, food that hasbeen grown there, are, we are going to Mars even much more important because ofall the, food will have to be send at long distance, for a growing number ofpeople, at the moon it』s more number, maybe, two, somebody going well, or, thefuture may be a six, well, for a period very longer longer several months, andmaybe, a rotating every have here at six months.

奧爾德林在這一段里寄希望於航天器和月球、火星基地的自我給養。這裡一是現在太空的所有給養全部來自於地面，太空中種植的少量植物全部用於實驗（國際空間站已經開始吃菜實驗了。。。），而越遠的太空旅行，補給也越困難。奧爾德林主要提及了蔬菜和魚，貌似太空中的魚的確特別少。

目前國際空間站的伙食全部由俄方提供，可見大家對美國的太空食品過於失望，而奧爾德林當年還沒有機會吃到蘇聯的太空食品，更沒有機會吃到中國的太空食品了~

0:46============================Para.N

I dont think we are going to bring resources, to feed people, back on earth, fromthe moon, that』s impossible, and it is impossible in Mars, too, because, youhave to feed the people who are in Mars, we are now going to solve the earth problemby going in space either, by doing the people here that』s really a lot of them,thats not the ways to solve the problem, and certainly, we are not going tofeed the people here, and what we bring back from space.

在這一段里，奧爾德林反對從外星球開採資源，外星球豐富的資源不是一直是一個很大的誘惑么，動不動一塊鐵疙瘩，一顆甲烷星。。。

當然了，阿波羅11號是沒有月球車了，這是最後一艘阿波羅17號的照片。

1:58============================Para.O

Q:What feeling do you have when you seethe earth on the moon?

When I was young, I do in the airplane, and I look down on the earth, and laterI took, passenger airplanes in a higher and look down , and then we, were went intothe orbit, even higher we look down, so going to the moon, its just much muchfurther away, and and instead of, the earth by this is becomes, getting andgetting smaller, go away, and the moon get bigger, we know that, thats not asurprise, but, to actually look and see the earth, like, no one had seen it beforeexcept if you were being out there, to look back and see the earth, that is avery remarkable experience, and its, its like a make believe, its real, wecan make believe lots of things, and thats what it maybe look like but whenyou actually see it, it gives you, a very close, reality check, that you are notdreaming everything. that is, the earth out there. The little out there.

這一段終於給出問題了：當你在月球上看到地球的時候，是什麼感覺？

答：我們天天看

額。。。其實是這張

奧爾德林回憶起了自己從飛機上看地球，從地球軌道的飛船上看地球，再到月球上看地球，處亂不驚。。。

2:14============================Para.P

People always want to know, what being there felt like, now for years, we knewwe were going to be there, it got closer and closer, and we were assigned agroup, as we trained, and we were lorn, we were going to get there, now allthis time weve been thinking about, what is might be like when we get there, it』ssort of like what we thought. Now how in the world unexplained that somebody, who』sonly thought about that, for 2 or 3 minutes, when they thought of the question,for me to answer, understand because we were getting used to being there for a longtime, and there, is this, suddenly, over there, now, it is happening gradual so,our mind has adjust our feelings, and so how we feel about walking on the moon wewere been thinking about that, for a long time, that affect how we thinkingwhen we get there, so if I were to trying describe that to you. you still couldn』tquite understand cause you didn』t go through all that time, and, it is justthings like a question that is very easy to ask. And you live together, simpleanswer like proud, thrill ,glorious.

繼續，他談起了他們冥想了諸如月球究竟是什麼樣的，踏上月球會是什麼樣的之類的問題。當然，在他們前往月球的那段時間裡（3天），足夠他們想通了，於是他說他們心靜如水，不是什麼驕傲，容易之類的想法了。

3:00============================Para.Q

there are a lot of space, and there are a lot of opportunities, there are a lotof countries, and I think, to make space available, the countries, has to worktogether, and help each other, not just, okay you come along, no, we want to,we ,know many things, so we want to help, partners, so now all of us knowabout the same thing, so we can go further, and and thats where I look, rightnow, that things can be done at the moon by our helping , the other nation,because, two nations can do very well, maybe one, and if one is experienced,and and we are going to do, several things but not actually be there, but wecan help, others, other nations, well we save some of the resources, to look ahead,and there are many ways we can all, bring the nations together, so we are aboutat the same level, now, people from different nations are all going together,to go to Mars, because, we make the moon, that way, and now, some of the thingswill be built on the moon, we may help the design, but they may be built, by anation, they may be landed and we may help putting them together, cause we wantto do that at Mars, now if a nation builds a particular thing at the moon, whydont they build the same thing to help other people at the Mars, now, thatsgood idea I think because we can also learn how and learn how to make someimprovements, and it helps to know who is going to do what. 30 years now,10years, 20 years. And to do these things in the future, you really have tothink, about what can I do in, three or four years, in earth orbit and how cani begin.

最後，奧爾德林談起了國際合作，其實從70年代起，美蘇之間就開始了航天合作，阿波羅11號發射的6年後，美蘇宇航員在太空中握手。而面對探測月球、火星這樣的難題，僅僅依靠一個國家顯然是不夠的。當然了，美國在航天領域仍然排斥中國，因此奧爾德林就不便提及中美合作了。

0:10============================Para.R

Move together to the moon and do things that would help us all go to the Mars.

0:19============================Para.S

Were all part of a family, and we need to, get us to Mars. Get my head toMars, get your head to Mars.

PS：奧爾德林從80年代就希望人類去火星了。

0:35============================Para.T

Very nice, being with all of you, out there, today, but soon, I have to goback, to America, and I have to, talk to the president, our new presidentabout, Orion orbit going to Mars and helping people to the moon, and I think hewill.

So, Bye bye, that』s what Im going to do and it is going to be my birthday too!

最後，奧爾德林說他將會去面談川普，希望川普推進美國的獵戶座Orion載人飛船前往火星的計劃。可以參考：

抵臨螢火近鄰──踏上火星之旅；

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