新科學家精讀：特朗普與美國科學

Trumps research priorities invoke a golden era of American power, but nostalgia for the 1950s is no way to run a modern science program

The 45th president is notorious for ignoring scientific advice

Word & Expression

1. priority(常用詞)

1) n. 優先；優先權；優先次序；優先考慮的事

The safety of the country takes priority over any other matter.國家安全佔有最重要的地位。(take priority over優先…)

2) 同義替換：importance, precedence, urgency, significance, primacy

3) 搭配：give priority to sth.優先考慮…【寫作】

2. invoke

1) vt. 調用；祈求；懇求；引起；提及

I invoked their forgiveness.我懇求他們原諒。

2) 同義替換：cite, quote, refer, mention, appeal, raise

3) 搭配：invoke sb.s help懇求某人幫助

3. era

1) n. 時代；年代；紀元

We live in an era of religious uncertainty. 我們生活在一個對宗教懷疑的時代。(an era of…時代)

2) 同義替換：age, epoch, eon, time, period, date

4. nostalgia

1) n. 對往事的懷戀, 懷舊

I was overcome with acute nostalgia for my days at university.我強烈地懷念大學時代的生活。(acute十分嚴重的;敏銳的)【口語】

2) 同義替換：homesickness, reminiscence

5. notorious

1) adj. 臭名昭著的, 聲名狼藉的

Los Angeles is notorious for its smog.洛杉磯的煙霧是出了名的。(猶指不好的事情)

2) 同義替換：infamous, disreputable, dishonorable

3) 搭配：It is notorious that ... ...是眾所周知的(事實)。

6. ignore

1) vt. 駁回訴訟，忽視，不理睬

I decided to ignore his rude remarks.我決定不去理會他粗魯的話。

2) 同義替換：pay no attention to, take no notice of, disregard, overlook

IN THE run-up to this week』s solar eclipse, there was one message so ubiquitous that it was hard to ignore: don』t look at the sun without eye protection. But as the moon moved across the face of our star, one person nonetheless did just that. It was the president of the United States.

Had Donald Trump somehow managed to miss all the warnings? Or had he just blanked them? The 45th president is notorious for ignoring scientific advice. Only the day before, his administration disbanded an advisory committee that aims to help the federal government incorporate climate assessments into its planning.

Word & Expression

1. run-up

n.〈英〉事件的前奏曲,預備階段

2. solar eclipse(認識即可)

n. 日食

3. so that(常用短語)

因此,以至於, 以便

4. ubiquitous

1) adj.普遍存在的;無處不在的

In the developed world at least, electricity is now so ubiquitous that most people notice it only when it fails to work至少在發達國家，電是如此普遍，大多數人只在沒電的時候才會注意到它。(developed world發達國家 fail to do沒能做…)

2) 同義替換：omnipresent, universal, pervasive, global

5. nonetheless

adv. 雖然如此,但是

6. manage to do

設法做

I only managed to do it for a couple of weeks before I quit.我只勉強做了幾周，就辭職不幹了。

7. miss

1) ① v.錯過；思念；懷念；趕不上

② n. 錯過；女士；未擊中

He missed the target by a hair.他差一點中靶。

2) 搭配：miss the bus錯過良機;事業失他敗

8. blank

① n.空格；（記憶中的）空白；空彈

② adj.空白的；空的；無圖畫（或標記、裝飾）的；沒表情的

③ v. 毫不理睬（某人）；突然忘掉；突然思路模糊

His mind went completely blank and he forgot what he was supposed to be doing.他的腦子一片空白，連本來要做什麼都想不起了。

9. administration

n. 行政；行政部門；施行；執行

The teachers are responsible to the school administration.教師向學校行政負責。

10. disband

1) vt. & vi. (使)解散, 散夥, 解體

He is sorry he did not think harder before agreeing to disband the Iraqi army.他說自己很抱歉，沒能在同意解散伊拉克軍隊前考慮得更周密一些。(think harder更認真思考，考慮更周密)

2) 同義替換：break up, split up, separate, part, split

11. advisory

1) ① adj. 顧問的；諮詢的；勸告的

② n. 報告；公告

We operate as an advisory service for schools.我們為學校提供諮詢服務。

2) 同義替換: consultative

12. aim to

為了，計劃，打算；目標在於…；以…為目標

We aim to strengthen our sense of pro-environment by means of this activity.通過本次活動提高同學們的環保意識。(strengthen 加強，提高 sense of…意識，…感 by means of通過)

13. incorporate

1) vt. 包含, 加上, 吸收；把…合併, 使併入

Your idea will be incorporated in the plan.你的意見將收入計劃中。

2) 搭配：① incorporate with合併；混合

② incorporate into把…納入

That comes as little surprise. Trump』s administration is widely viewed as irredeemably anti-science, prompting responses like April』s March for Science. But that』s not strictly correct. Last week it published its first Research and Development Budget Priorities. Its key areas are American military superiority, American security, American prosperity, American energy dominance and American health.

The four-page memo paints science as playing a heroic role in achieving these: it will lead to 「tremendous job creation」, 「drive the economy」 and 「improve the quality of American lives」. In short, science has a role in making America great again.

Bombastic it may be, but at least it comes out in clear support of science. Unfortunately, the science appears to belong to a bygone age – specifically the 1950s, with its thriving military-industrial complex and ambitious space program.

Such nostalgia is not entirely unjustified. Whatever you think of the ethics of the military-industrial approach, it delivered.

Word & Expression

1. be viewed as

被視為，被看作是

Scores should not be viewed as the only criterion of success in ones study.分數不應該被看成是判斷一個人學習成敗的唯一標準。【寫作】

2. irredeemably(認識即可)

不能挽救地, 無可救藥地

3. anti-science

1) 反科學

2) anti-表示"反對，相反"

3) antiwar反戰的

antibody抗體

4. key

1) ① n. 鑰匙；關鍵；（打字機等的）鍵

② vt. 鍵入；調節…的音調；鎖上；提供線索

③ vi. 使用鑰匙

④ adj. 關鍵的

The key stuck in the lock.鑰匙插在鎖里拔不出來。(stuck in陷入，困在)

2) 搭配：key to …的鑰匙，…的關鍵

5. superiority

1) n. 優越(性), 優等

For a long time France enjoyed overwhelming superiority in this field. 在很長的一段時間法國在這個領域具有壓倒性優勢。(overwhelming壓倒性的，巨大的 in this field在這一領域)

2) 同義替換：advantage, dominance, supremacy

6. prosperity

1) n. 幸運; 順利; 興旺, 繁榮

The growth of tourism brought prosperity to the island. 旅遊業的發展給這座島帶來了繁榮。

2) 同義替換：wealth, rich, success, richness, fortune

7. dominance【寫作】

1) n. 優勢;支配地位;控制力

The firm soon achieved complete dominance in the marketplace. 這家公司很快取得了在市場上的絕對支配地位。【口語】

2) 同義替換：supremacy, ascendancy, governance, power, authority, control

3) 搭配：① dominance over對…的支配

② under the dominance of在...的統治之下

8. memo

n. 備忘錄

9. tremendous

1) adj. 極大的, 巨大的；絕妙的, 極棒的

There is a tremendous difference between them.他們之間有著極大的差別。

2) 同義替換：great, incredible, fabulous, terrific, marvelous, wonderful, fantastic, remarkable, huge

10. in short【寫作】

總之, 簡言之

In short, 1971 marked the beginning of a new era.總之，1971年標誌著一個新的時代的開端。

11. bombastic(認識即可)

1) adj. 夸夸其談的,空洞的

The candidate spoke in a bombastic way of all that he would do if elected.候選人大肆吹噓, 一旦他當選將要如何如何。

2) 同義替換：pompous, pretentious

12. come out【口語&寫作】

vi. 出現,顯露,出版,發表,結果是

Whats bred in the bone will come out in the flesh.（諺語）本性總是要表現出來的。

13. appear

1) ① vi. 出現, 顯現；產生, 出版

② link v. 顯得, 似乎

He will appear in the role of mediator.他將出演調停者。

2) 同義替換：come into view, come into sight, emerge, happen, occur, seem

3) 搭配：appear to似乎，好像

14. belong to

屬於

Some people say that the English language no longer belongs to the English, and it belongs to the world.有人說英語已不再屬於英國人了，它屬於全世界。

15. bygone

1) ① adj. 很久以前的;以往的

② n. 過去的(不愉快的)事

His talk was evocative of the bygone days.他的談話令人回憶起往昔的時日。(evocative引起記憶的，喚起感情的)

2) 同義替換：past, former, previous

16. complex

① adj. 複雜的；合成的

② n. 複合體；綜合設施

This is a highly complex matter. 這件事非常複雜。(highly 非常，很)

17. ambitious

1) adj. 有抱負的, 雄心勃勃的;有野心的

She is very ambitious for her four children. 她對4個孩子期望很高。

2) 同義替換：determined, motivated, aspiring, bold

3) 搭配：e ambitious of success渴望成功

18. unjustified

1) adj. 不公正的; 無正當理由的

Unjustified criticism is given when a workers performance does not meet the boss unrealistic expectations.不合理的批評來自於員工無法達成上司不實際的期望。(meet one』s expectation滿足某人的期望)

2) 同義替換：unfounded, baseless, unfair, unwarranted, groundless, inexcusable

19. ethics

1) n. 倫理學;道德規範

Medical ethics also enter into the question.醫德也是問題的一部分。

2) 搭配：code of ethics道德準則；道德規範（尤指職業的）

20. approach

1) ① n.方法；接近；路徑；道路

② v. 接近；建議；接洽；著手處理

The children fell silent at the approach of their teacher. 老師一來，孩子們就變得鴉雀無聲。(at the approach of …走近的時候)

2) 搭配：approach to接近；約等於；通往…的方法

21. deliver

1) ① vt. 發表；遞送；釋放；交付；給…接生

② vi. 傳送；投遞；履行；實現

③ n. 投球

The baby was delivered safely on Tuesday night. 嬰兒在星期二晚上安全地生了下來。

2) 同義替換：carry, bring, transport, distribute, set free, release

3) 搭配：① deliver over交出,移交

② deliver a lecture發表演講

③ deliver sb. from danger救某人脫險

④deliver sth. to sb.把某物交付給某人

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