02_印刷技術－Newspaper printing

印刷對平面設計來說至關重要，就像材料之於產品設計。印刷技術的發展推進了平面設計，也改變了視覺設計的風格。曾經有一學期，老師列了個清單上面羅列了所有的印刷技術，每人選一種印刷技術，選一節課來彙報。謎一樣的原因讓我選擇了Newspaper printing。現在回想起來可能是因為我對Newspaper這個單詞最為熟悉。

視頻（需翻牆）

01，報紙的四色印刷：How it made-Newspaper

02，報紙的多色印刷：

Video: A behind-the-scenes glimpse into how this newspaper gets made

報紙的製作首先需要排版，排版是從鉛字排版，金屬活字，發展到今天的電腦桌面排版。常用的排版軟體應該是，Indesign，illustrator.

在完成排版後，需要將圖片轉化到菲林片上。

The final version of the page is then approved by the editor on duty—sometimes a night editor in the case of a paper that is slated for a morning edition—and sent over to a process department. There, the page is taken in its computer format and transferred via laser beams onto film in an image setter apparatus. The operator then takes the film to a processor in another section of the paper, who develops it and adjusts it for its final look. Photographs are scanned into another computer terminal and inserted into the page layout. The pages that are set to be printed together are then taped down onto a device called a "stripper," and an editor checks them over once more for errors. The strippers are then put into frames on light-sensitive film, and the image of each page is burned onto the film. The film of each page is inserted into a laser reader, a large facsimile machine that scans the page and digitally transfers the images to the printing center of the newspaper.

At the printing center, typically a large plant separate from the newspapers editorial offices and centrally located to facilitate

citywide distribution, the pages arrive at the laser room and are put through a laser writer, another scanning device that makes a negative image of them. In the negative image of the page, the text is white while the blank spaces are black. The final images of each page are further adjusted. This last-minute adjustment may involve fine-tuning of the colored sections and retouching photographs.

在圖片轉化成菲林片後，需要將菲林片放在一個light box上，上面覆蓋一層鋁板。之後打開light box,紫外線會將菲林片上的圖像，文字轉化到鋁板上。一個小細節：鋁板的邊緣是彎曲的這樣可以更好的適應轉輪膠印機。

鋁板製成後被移送到轉輪膠印機上，轉輪膠印機體積龐大，有的有兩層樓之高。當紙張通過印刷機運行時，橡皮滾筒將圖像轉印到紙上。墨的化學反應，其含有油和水射流在一個白色背地面噴出到處理結果在黑色或彩色圖像的實際報紙頁面。由於油和水不混合，所以油墨留下的區域都是黑色或彩色的，水沖走在不需要油墨的部分。

轉輪膠印機印刷原理：

網站閱讀參考：

01，報紙印刷過程－最全版本（不太好理解）

02，簡易版報紙印刷原理

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