1/5 【美國歷史上的今天】艾森豪威爾主義開闢了冷戰的另一戰場

每天一篇《美國歷史上的今天》，提煉和總結歷史在今天發生的重要事件：誰，在哪裡，什麼時候，做了什麼，這件事為什麼重要、以及在寫關於什麼主題的論文的時候可以作為潛在論據引用。每天半分鐘，輕鬆積累史實，為AP歷史拿5分打下堅實基礎！

When: Jan 5, 1957

What: President Eisenhower proposed a new Middle East policy, "Eisenhower Doctrine."

Why significant: The Eisenhower Doctrine was motivated by an increase in Arab hostility toward the West, and growing Soviet influence in Egypt and Syria following the Suez Crisis of 1956. Due to the loss of prestige of Great Britain and France, a power vacuum had formed in the Middle East. At the time, Egypts president Gamal Nasser was becoming closer with the Soviet Union, and taking an anti-western nationalist stance. President Dwight D. Eisenhower decided that this power vacuum needed to be filled by the United States before the Soviets could, because he feared that radical nationalism would combine with international communism in the region and threaten Western interests. Therefore Eisenhower delivered a proposal to Congress to call for a more proactive U.S. policy in the region.

Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a Middle Eastern country could request economic assistance or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression. Eisenhower authorized the commitment of U.S. forces "to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism". So a danger that could be linked to communists of any nation could conceivably invoke the doctrine.

The Eisenhower Doctrine established the Middle East as a Cold War battlefield. It received its first call to action in the summer of 1958, when civil strife in Lebanon led that nation』s president to request U.S. assistance. Nearly 15,000 U.S. troops were sent to help quell the disturbances.

Tags: Eisenhower Doctrine, Cold War, Middle East, President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Suez Crisis

更多AP/SAT歷史提分秘籍和視頻課程，關注微信公眾號aptopscholar