這兩天廣被分享轉發的吃東西上癮是精神疾病,並會使人變笨是否為真?
吃東西停不下來,小心是「食物成癮」!昨天,美國佛羅里達大學精神病學系教授劉一軍在東南大學附屬中大醫院心身醫學臨床研究中心揭牌儀式上透露,「食物成癮」作為一種精神疾病已經得到了研究成果的證實。通過影像學檢查發現,食物成癮患者的大腦神經影像與海洛因依賴患者相似。高脂肪、高糖分的食物和快餐都是食物成癮的「導火索」。「貪吃」不僅會導致體型的「橫向發展」,還會損傷大腦的腦白質,讓人變笨。如果要將「食物成癮」戒掉,需要1至2年時間,而且複發率達80%。
「食物成癮」所導致的後果可不僅僅是體型上的「橫向發展」,大腦的運動速度也會變慢。中大醫院心身醫學臨床研究中心執行主任袁勇貴用高糖高脂食物舉了個例子。這一類食物有著廣泛的「群眾基礎」,但人們在吃完高糖高脂食物後,大腦便會受刺激,在體內生成更多的名為內啡肽的化學物質,讓人倍感愉悅,再刺激人吃掉更多此類食物,從而讓人感到鎮靜和快樂。吃得越多,身體就會越來越臃腫。
「如果一個人的身體質量指數超過了28,便是達到了肥胖的範圍。由於過多的進食,身體的代謝負擔變重,大腦的腦白質在此時也會相應的受到影響,出現損傷。」袁主任介紹,此時,人的認知功能也會相應變差,反應能力也會越來越慢。俗語中的「越胖越笨」雖然有些偏激,但在心理精神科的範疇內來解釋的話,還是有一定的道理的。
吃東西上癮是精神疾病 不僅會變大胖子還會讓人變笨--揚子晚報網
如果該新聞不十分準確或者為假新聞的話是否有求證、求真身邊每天被轉發至朋友圈,微博的新聞的網站或者專欄的地方?
新聞內容基本屬實,但是有不妥之處。其一,binge eating disorder(BED)是一種飲食障礙,翻譯成「進食成癮」並不合適。準確的翻譯是「(非催吐型的)暴食症」。BED是除anorexia nervosa(神經性厭食症)和bulimia nervosa(神經性貪食症,表現為暴吃後催吐)的另一大類飲食障礙。美國飲食障礙協會(National Eating Disorder Association, NEDA)的定義:Binge Eating Disorder
Symptoms 癥狀
- Frequent episodes of consuming very large amount of food but without behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting.
- A feeling of being out of control during the binge eating episodes.
- Feelings of strong shame or guilt regarding the binge eating.
- Indications that the binge eating is out of control, such as eating when not hungry, eating to the point of discomfort, or eating alone because of shame about the behavior.
Health Consequences of Binge Eating Disorder
The health risks of BED are most commonly those associated with clinical obesity. Some of the potential health consequences of binge eating disorder include:
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol levels
- Heart disease
- Diabetes mellitus
- Gallbladder disease
- Musculoskeletal problems
2、吃糖過度的確會上癮。2003年已經被WTO認定了:
Sugar addictionFinally, a 2008 study noted that sugar affects opioids and dopamine in the brain, and thus might
be expected to have addictive potential. It referenced "binging, withdrawal, craving and cross-sensitization", and gave each of them operational definitions in order to demonstrate behaviorally that sugar binging is a reinforcer. These behaviors were said to be related to neurochemical changes in the brain that also occur during addiction to drugs. Neural adaptations included changes in dopamine and opioid receptor binding, enkephalinmRNA expression and dopamine and acetylcholine release in the nucleus accumbens.
從最簡單的機理看,吃升糖指數較高的精製糖可以使血糖迅速上升後又下降,產生的血糖波動帶來疲倦感,加強了人們對糖的渴望。糖類對大腦的多巴胺控制系統也有影響。
這兩篇文章更好地解釋了這一機理:
Sugar Addiction
糖之罪,你應該知道的若干事實
不過,主要「罪魁」不是天然的葡萄糖,而是人工添加的高果玉米糖漿(據說最易成癮)。
3、「肥胖會使大腦功能下降」這種政治不正確的說法在國內很少聽說。
BED帶來的不良生理後果主要有:
Health Consequences of Binge Eating Disorder
Binge eating disorder often results in many of the same health risks associated with clinical obesity. Some of the potential health consequences of binge eating disorder include:
- High blood pressure.
- High cholesterol levels.
- Heart disease as a result of elevated triglyceride levels.
- Type II diabetes mellitus.
- Gallbladder disease.
與其它飲食障礙一樣,BED會導致自責、自暴自棄、抑鬱、低自尊、人際交往障礙之類的問題。一般人心情越不好越吃,於是陷入惡性循環。
4、解決方案?
能翻牆的同學可以看看Supersize vs Superskinny這個紀錄片
另外幾個專題:
End Sugar Addiction
Peace With Sugar
弱弱說一句,其實我覺得不催吐型的暴食比催吐型的好恢復;暴食又比厭食容易恢復……
更多資料可以看看NEDA的網站。
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