2017年英語專業四級語言知識語法部分真題及答案

寫在前面

最近在知乎上看到這樣一句話，深表同感：

知乎的主要矛盾是：專業內容輸出者越來越高的答案頻率和越來越嫻熟的博贊技巧，和專業領域回答者越來越少的回答時間之間的矛盾。

筆者深感時間不夠，一直沒有時間更新專欄文章。近期得空，寫一小篇，以後也一定會增加寫文章的頻率。此外，這類寫這種純學術的文章著實吃力不討好，我絕對接受異議，畢竟這只是一家之言的參考答案。但絕對不接受趾高氣昂的批判。

言歸正傳，專四的語言知識語法部分，近年來越來越難，甚至大部分時候，你都很難在傳統語法書上找到對應的知識點。也就是說，就算給你一本很厚的語法參考書開卷考，部分題你極有可能還是做不對。因為此題考查的就是「學習者是否將語法知識內化為語言知識」。也就是考察學習者是否真正地理解了語法項目的內涵。

III. 語言知識：

11. ________ combination of techniques authors use, all stories---from the briefest anecdotes to the longest novels ----have a plot.

A. Regarding B. Whatever. C. In so far as D. No matter

參考答案【B】

解析：此題考查用於引導讓步狀語從句，如：

Whatever happens, don』t forget to write. 無論怎樣別忘了寫信。

Whatever you say, I won』t believe you. 不管你說什麼，我決不相信你的話。

whatever還可以用於引導名詞性從句（主要是引導主語從句和賓語從句），如：

Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是對的。

He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什麼，他就做什麼。

I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什麼就說什麼。

whatever的核心是what，跟what一樣，它需用在從句中作一個名詞性成分，無論是作主語還是賓語。此題從句動詞use是及物動詞，需要一個賓語。

12. She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door, __________ the women gave a quick knock before opening it.

A. wherein B. on which C. but when D. Then

參考答案【B】

解析：本題考查定語從句，定語從句可用拆分法，此句拆分為兩句即為：

(1).She followed the receptionist down a luxurious corridor to a closed door.

(2).The women gave a quick knock on (the door) before opening it.

介詞on不可省略，knock on是固定片語（著名搖滾歌曲《Knock on Heaven』s door》），後行詞the door用which替換。（後行詞是本人獨創，具體定義可見專欄相關文章。）

13. Ms Ennab is one of the first Palestinian __________ with seven years』 racing experience.

A. woman drivers B. women driver C. women drivers D. woman driver

答案【C】 解析：略

14. 「I wondered if I could have a word with you.」 The past tense in the sentence refers to a __________________________.

A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness

C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness

答案【B】

解析：本人專欄文章「進階篇——第六章 情態動詞」這樣寫到：

過去時比直接用現在時更加不直接，即更加婉轉，而且情態動詞的過去式表達的「可能性」相比其現在式要小，顯得說話人更謙虛、謹慎，所以語氣更加委婉客氣。所以這題是「現在事件」，而tentativeness表示試探，這種試探就是一種謹慎、委婉客氣。

15. 「If I were you, I wouldn』t wait to propose to her.」 The subjunctive mood in the sentence is used to ________.

A. alleviate hostility B. express unfavorable feelings

C. indicate uncertainty D. make a suggestion

參考答案【D】

解析：略

16. 「It』s a shame that the city official should have gone back on his word.」 The modal auxiliary SHOULD express ______.

A obligation B disappointment C future in the past D. tentativeness

參考答案【B】

解析：略

17. Timothy Ray Brown, the first man cured of HIV, initially opted against the stem cell transplantation that _______ history.

A. could have later made B. should have made later

C. might make later D. would later make

參考答案【D】

解析：分析此題表達的情境，如果完全直譯，是：Timothy Ray Brown，第一個被治癒HIV的人，起初是反對（在當時）將會創造歷史的幹細胞移植（這項技術的）。本題需要表達「將會」，所以選would，而不是could have本來會/本可能會，should have本應該，以及might可能。

18. Some Martian rock structures look strikingly like structures on Earth that are known ______by microbes.

A. having been created B. being created C. to have been created D. to be created

參考答案【C】

解析：本題考查不定式的完成態表示過去的或已經發生的、被動的動作的用法。在本人專欄「進階篇 第十章 非謂語動詞（三）」中，這樣寫道：

不定式的完成態、被動完成態、進行態、持續態通常只出現在包含主系表結構、被動語態以等句子中。原因是，此類句子含有系動詞或者助動詞be，如果使用動名詞或者分詞，容易讓人理解為謂語動詞結構。

1.不定式的完成態強調過去的或已經發生的動作。

For in all adversity of fortune, the worst sort of misery is to have been happy.

在所有的不幸中，最不幸的是曾經幸福過。

He pretended to have fallen asleep when little Tom came to him.

當小湯姆來找他時，他假裝已經睡著了。

The student seems to have caught a cold because of the bad weather.

這個學生好像因為壞天氣感冒了。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

對不起，讓你久等了。

Im glad to have met your parents here.

我很高興在這兒見到了你父母。

The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris.

據說經理已經從巴黎回來了。

t注意：

不定式的完成態還可以表示虛擬，表示過去本應該發生卻沒有發生的動作。

tHed like to have been offered the job and (to have been) given the opportunity to prove himself.

他真希望別人給了他這個工作，給了他一個機會證明自己。

The game was to have taken place in USA.

比賽原計劃在美國舉行。

Mr. white planned to have gone abroad last week.

=Mr. white planned to go abroad but he didnt.

懷特先生原計划上周出國的。

同樣的意思也可用上述動詞的過去完成時加動詞不定式的一般式來表達。例如：

I had hoped to visit the great pyramid.

=I hoped to have visited the great pyramid.

=I hoped to visit it, but I didnt.

我本希望參觀大金字塔的。

2.不定式的被動完成態表示過去的或已經發生的、被動的動作。

tThe book is said to have been translated into several languages.

t據說這本書被翻譯成了多種語言。

No harm seems to have been done.

似乎並沒有造成損害。

Youre lucky to have been accepted.

你很幸運，你已經被接受了。

t3.不定式的進行態表示與謂語動詞同時發生的動作。

He seems to be thinking about the question right now.

她似乎正在思考這個問題。

He pretended to be doing his homework when he heard his fathers sound.

他聽見父親的聲音，假裝正在做作業。

The president was reported to be visiting the hospital.

據報道總統正在訪問那家醫院。

We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.

我們沒指望你在這等呢。

t4.不定式的持續態表示一直持續的動作。

All the scientists in this field are known to have been working on the

problem for many years.

眾所周知，所有這個領域的科學家已經研究這個問題多年了。

19. At that moment, with the crowd watching me, I was not afraid in the ordinary sense, as I ______ if I ___________alone.

C. could be … were D. might have been… were

參考答案【A】

解析： 本題有相當的難度，此句來自於喬治奧威爾的《射象》，中文譯文是：在這種節骨眼兒上，那麼多雙眼睛盯著我，我早就顧不上害怕了，不像只有我一個人的時候。在本人專欄「進階篇 第五章 虛擬語氣」這樣寫到：

過去的事情是「已然」，對過去的事情進行想像，往往只能是「假設」，即「完全不可能的事情」，這個時候就需要使用虛擬語氣。例如：

If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus.

請不要被傳統的語法書的變形規則「從句用過去時，主句用would/should/could/might have done」所嚇著，而是用「經濟地迴避」思想來理解這種動詞變形，即說話人是需要避開陳述語氣表達：

條件：you got there earlier；結果：you would catch the bus

事實是我知道you got there late，所以需要將過去時變成表達過去完成時had got。而對於虛擬條件下產生的虛擬結果would catch，助動詞will沒有過去完成式，即would已經是最終形態，所以只能拿catch做文章。英語中如果表示過去意義的動詞出現在只能使用動詞原形的地方，就用have done（利用完成時可以連接過去的特點）。所以此時catch變成have caught。類似的情況還有：Iam sorry to have kept you waiting for so long；They cant have visited the place last month等。再看一例對過去的虛擬：

If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.

所需避開的陳述語氣表達：

條件：you were there last night；結果：nothing would happen

因為事實是我知道you were not there last night，需要使用虛擬語氣。were變成過完成時had been，would happen變成would have happened。

此題用相同的方法分析，因為當事人是在假設，所說話人需要避開陳述語氣的表達：

I would be afraid, if I was i alone.

would be變成would have been, was變成had been.

20. You must fire ______ incompetent assistant of yours.

A. the B. an C. that D. whichever

參考答案【C】

解析：whichever和whatever一樣，引導兩種從句，不能連接名詞短語incompetent assistant of。排除D選項。此題想表達：你需要解僱你那個不稱職的助理，答案在the與that間選擇。

此題很微妙，表示指示的時候，the是that的弱化。通常在兩種情況下，the需要翻譯成「那/那個」的意思：

1.前文出現，後文再提及

I have a beautiful wallet, but the wallet was stolen yesterday.

2.中心詞還有其它明確的定語修飾

The flowers you have sent to me are beautiful.

你送給我的那些花真漂亮。

The English spoken by Indian is hard to understand.

印度的英語真難聽懂。

I went to Beijing last week. The traffic(there) is awful.

我上禮拜去了北京，那兒的交通很糟糕。

回到本題，incompetent assistant of yours中incompetent assistant雖然有of yours限定，但是即使加上the，the incompetent assistant of yours中心語的指向仍然不確定。也就是說the incompetent assistant of yours感覺話仍然沒有說完，下列情況才給人感覺指向確定：

The incompetent assistant of yours is Li Lei.或

The incompetent assistants of yours are Li Lei and Han Meimei.

但是更強烈的指示that，能夠明確指示中心詞:

You must fire that incompetent assistant of yours.說話人和聽話人都知道指的是誰。

個人認為此題我並沒有講清楚，如果您有更好的見解，歡迎提出。